Basic Photography

Basic Photography
The 6 Things To Know

• Know your camera
• Hold the camera still
• The 2-second rule
• Take a few more
• Tell a “story”
• Capture the “mood”
C .E. L. L.
•C omposition
•E xposure
•L ens
•L ight
Composition
Principle 1
Un-clutter the picture. Zoom in.
A good photograph is a subject, a context, and nothing else.

Remove any clutter that detracts from your message. Get closer
-- zoom in -- and crop as tightly as possible
Composition unless it’s
a reflection
Principle 2
Put subject off-centre / Rule of thirds
The center of the frame is the weakest place -- it's static, dull,
and gives no value to the context. The more you move the subject
away from the center, the more relevance you give to the context
Principle 3 Composition
Use of frames, lines & diagonals
Create impact by using frames and real or inferred lines that

lead the viewer's eye into and around the picture
Principle 4 Composition
Dramatic Perspective
Create impact by photographing your subjects from unexpected

angles. Imagine yourself as an electron spinning around the
subject, which is the nucleus of an atom
Exposure
• Aperture
• Shutter speed
• ISO
Aperture: General Rules and tips
• A larger lens opening (f1.8-3.5) offers the
following advantages:
– Allows you to shoot more often with just natural
lighting  helps to reduce harsh shadows and
red-eye caused by flash.
– Allows more light to pass through, the camera will
be able to choose a slightly higher shutter
speed  helps to reduce motion blur.
– Helps to reduce "depth-of-field“ (for effect).
Principle Aperture
Affect depth of field (range of distance in focus)
When shooting a landscape, as much of the photograph in sharp

focus as possible (f11 to f22). In a portrait, shallower dof (f2.8-8)
will isolate your subject from distracting backgrounds
Shutter speed: General Rules and tips
• To capture blur-free "action" photographs (e.g.
Sports), you need to make sure the camera is using a
high shutter speed, e.g.1/125th of a second or more.
The human hand can only hold a camera steady at 1/60th
of a second (no more) otherwise it is blurry. So any less,
you need to use a tripod
• Less light gets through to the imager as shutter speed is
increased, thus difficult to use higher shutter speeds
in lower light situations.
• Alternatives: Allow more light to pass through the lens
(larger aperture setting), the other is to increase the
ISO
Principle Shutter Speed
Freezing motion (achieve the desired effect)
Absolutely sharp images are not always the best. They can look static
and dull. At slow shutter speeds the camera blurs the image of moving
objects, and can create a more convincing image of movement.
ISO: General Rules and tips
• ISO settings are often rated at 100, 200, 400, 800,
1600, and even 3200 on some models
• Use an ISO of 100 or 200 when taking photographs
outside in sunny conditions.
• If the sky is overcast or it is evening time, or in a
darkened room, then use an ISO within the range of
400 to 800.
• Night time or in cases of low light you might need to set
your digital camera ISO to 1600. If not your photo will
appear too dark, if at all.
Principle
ISO Setting Set the lowest setting
possible to avoid noise
ISO measures
the sensitivity
of the image
sensor. The
lower the
number the less
sensitive your
camera is to
light and the
finer the grain.
ISO 100 ISO 3200
Principle Lens
Wide Angle (35mm) or Telephoto (70mm)
Wide-angle lenses allow more of a picture to be captured (need

focal point) while telephoto lenses tighten the scene and isolate the
subject (but affect the depth of field & increase camera shake)
Principle 1
Light Avoid using flash, even
for night shots
The
indiscriminate
blast of flash
destroys the
intimate mood
of existing
light
Light
Principle 2
Side Lighting instead of
front or overhead
(noon-time) lighting
The use of frontal flash

lighting tends to flatten faces.
Use side lighting as much as possible, even moving
your subject, if necessary, next to a window.
Left without flash, right with flash
Light
Principle 3
Use fill flash, for backlit
situations or overhead sun.
To use fill flash, the aperture and shutter speed are adjusted
to correctly expose the background, and the flash is fired to
lighten the foreground.
Overhead sun creates dark eye sockets and unattractive
shadows, which can be reduced by using a flash. Use
fill flash also for situations where the subject is backlit
(camera auto exposure will be confused)
Thank you

Basic Photography

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Basic Photography

The 6 Things To Know

A good photograph is a subject, a context, and nothing else.

Create impact by using frames and real or inferred lines that

Create impact by photographing your subjects from unexpected

When shooting a landscape, as much of the photograph in sharp

Wide-angle lenses allow more of a picture to be captured (need

The use of frontal flash

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