CSE 205 - Networks and Communications

Bachelor of Software Engineering

Bachelor of Computer Network and Data Communications
Department of Software Engineering
School of Computing and Information Technology

EASTERN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

Introduction: 1-1
 Course Description
 This course is a core course for SE program and CNDC program. This course aims to
give a structured overview of various layers and applications of networking and data
communication.
 The course highlights the fundamental concepts about the technology, development
and architectures of the field of networking and data communication.
 Students will learn about computer network design, data networks, protocols and
applications. The content is comprised of layered network architecture; data transfer
protocols and introduces the concepts of telecommunications or data communication.
 To understand networking theory, a thorough understanding of the structure of
interdependencies of each layer is essential. For this reason, this course uses a top-
down approach where students first learn about networking (upper layers) before
learning about data communications (lower layers). This course also provides
applications such as internet, VoIP, fixed-line telecommunications networks, mobile
communication networks.

Introduction: 1-2
 Course Objectives
 Understand the technological trends of computer networking, different components of
computer networks, various protocols, modern technologies and their applications.
 Analyze the mode of operation of different types of computer networks that are used to
interconnect a distributed community of computers and various interfacing standards
and protocols.
 Familiarize the student with the basic taxonomy and terminology of the wireless and
mobile networks such as they can create, design, build and maintain a complete
networking system
 Apply the networking concepts, preparing the student for evaluate the challenges in
building networks and solutions in computer networking.

Introduction: 1-3
 Course Learning Outcomes
 1. Knowledge
• CLO1: Recognize the ever growing reach and use of the networking and its  PLO4
applications
• CLO2: Understand and explain signal transmission in computer networks,
 PLO5
communications networks of each TCP/IP layers
• CLO3: Evaluate the challenges in building network design and implementation.  PLO5
• CLO4: Understand the data communications system and its components  PLO4
• CLO5: Apply the key technological components of the wireless and mobile  PLO7
network

 2. Skills
 PLO7
• CLO6: Configure network communication devices.
• CLO7: Building the skills of subnetting and routing mechanisms  PLO8
• CLO8: Combine groups to work effectively  PLO9

Introduction: 1-4
 Course Learning Outcomes
 3. Attitudes
• CLO9: Having honest, hard- working attitude , awareness and  PLO10
responsibility when using laboratory equipment

 4. Ability, responsibility and career (if any)  PLO11

• CLO10: Train and improve your self-study ability

Introduction: 1-5
 Books and Teaching Materials
 Text Books
[1]. James F Kurose, KW Ross, 2017. Computer Networking: A Top-Down
Approach (7th Edition). Pearson.

 Reference books
[2]. Andrew S. Tanenbaum. 2003. Computer Networks (4th Edition). Prentice Hall.
[3]. William Stallings, 2014. Data and Computer Communications (10th Edition).
Pearson Education.
[4]. Behrouz A Forouzan, 2003. Data Communications and Networking. McGraw-
Hill.
[5]. RL Freeman. (2005). Fundamentals of Telecommunications (2nd Edition),
Wiley-Interscience.

Introduction: 1-6
Evaluation Policy

Introduction: 1-7
Chapter 1: introduction
Chapter goal: Overview/roadmap:
 Get “feel,” “big picture,”  What is the Internet?
introduction to terminology  What is a protocol?
• more depth, detail later in
 Network edge: hosts, access network,
course
physical media
 Approach:
 Network core: packet/circuit switching,
• use Internet as example internet structure
 Performance: loss, delay, throughput
 Security
 Protocol layers, service models

Introduction: 1-8
 “Fun” Internet-connected devices

Pacemaker & Monitor

Tweet-a-watt:
monitor energy use
Amazon Echo
IP picture frame Web-enabled toaster +
weather forecaster
Internet
refrigerator
Slingbox: remote
control cable TV
Security Camera AR devices
sensorized,
bed
Internet phones mattress
Others?
Fitbit
Introduction: 1-9
The Internet: a “nuts and bolts” view
Billions of connected mobile network
computing devices: national or global ISP
 hosts = end systems
 running network apps at
Internet’s “edge”

Packet switches: forward

local or
packets (chunks of data) Internet
regional
 routers, switches ISP
home network content
Communication links provider
network datacenter
 fiber, copper, radio, satellite network

 transmission rate: bandwidth

Networks enterprise
 collection of devices, routers, links: network
managed by an organization
Introduction: 1-10
The Internet: a “nuts and bolts” view
mobile network
4G
 Internet: “network of networks” national or global ISP

• Interconnected ISPs
Streaming
 protocols are everywhere Skype
IP
video
• control sending, receiving of messages
local or
• e.g., HTTP (Web), streaming video, regional
ISP
Skype, TCP, IP, WiFi, 4G, Ethernet
home network content
provider
 Internet standards HTTP network datacenter
network
Ethernet
• RFC: Request for Comments
• IETF: Internet Engineering Task TCP
Force enterprise
network

WiFi
Introduction: 1-11
The Internet: a “service” view
 Infrastructure that provides mobile network

services to applications: national or global ISP

• Web, streaming video, multimedia

teleconferencing, email, games, e- Streaming
commerce, social media, inter- Skype video
connected appliances, … local or
regional
 provides programming interface ISP

to distributed applications: home network content

provider
• “hooks” allowing sending/receiving HTTP network datacenter
network
apps to “connect” to, use Internet
transport service
• provides service options, analogous enterprise
to postal service network

Introduction: 1-12
What’s a protocol?
Human protocols: Network protocols:
 “what’s the time?”  computers (devices) rather than humans
 “I have a question”  all communication activity in Internet
 introductions governed by protocols

… specific messages sent

Protocols define the format, order of
… specific actions taken
when message received, messages sent and received among
or other events network entities, and actions taken
on msg transmission, receipt

Introduction: 1-13
What’s a protocol?
A human protocol and a computer network protocol:

Hi TCP connection
request
Hi TCP connection
response
Got the
time? GET http://gaia.cs.umass.edu/kurose_ross
2:00
<file>
time

Q: other human protocols?

Introduction: 1-14
Chapter 1: roadmap
 What is the Internet?
 What is a protocol?
 Network edge: hosts, access network,
physical media
 Network core: packet/circuit
switching, internet structure
 Performance: loss, delay, throughput
 Security
 Protocol layers, service models
 History
Introduction: 1-15
A closer look at Internet structure
mobile network

Network edge: national or global ISP

 hosts: clients and servers

 servers often in data centers
local or
regional
ISP
home network content
provider
network datacenter
network

enterprise
network

Introduction: 1-16
A closer look at Internet structure
mobile network

Network edge: national or global ISP

 hosts: clients and servers

 servers often in data centers
local or
Access networks, physical regional
ISP

media: home network content

provider
 wired, wireless communication network datacenter
network

links
enterprise
network

Introduction: 1-17
A closer look at Internet structure
mobile network

Network edge: national or global ISP

 hosts: clients and servers

 servers often in data centers

Access networks, physical media: local or

regional
ISP
 wired, wireless communication links home network content
provider

Network core: network datacenter

network

 interconnected routers
 network of networks
enterprise
network

Introduction: 1-18
Access networks and physical media
Q: How to connect end systems mobile network

to edge router?
national or global ISP

 residential access nets

 institutional access networks (school,
company)
local or
 mobile access networks (Wi-Fi, 4G/5G) regional
ISP

What to look for: home network content

provider
network
 transmission rate (bits per second) of access network? datacenter
network

 shared or dedicated access among users?

enterprise
network

Introduction: 1-19
Access networks: digital subscriber line (DSL)
central office telephone
network

DSL splitter
modem DSLAM

voice, data transmitted ISP

at different frequencies over DSL access
dedicated line to central office multiplexer

 use existing telephone line to central office DSLAM

• data over DSL phone line goes to Internet
• voice over DSL phone line goes to telephone net
 24-52 Mbps dedicated downstream transmission rate
 3.5-16 Mbps dedicated upstream transmission rate
Introduction: 1-20
Access networks: home networks
wireless
devices

to/from headend or
central office
often combined
in single box

cable or DSL modem

WiFi wireless access router, firewall, NAT

point (54, 450 Mbps)
wired Ethernet (1 Gbps)
Introduction: 1-21
Access networks: cable-based access
cable headend

cable splitter
modem

C
O
V V V V V V N
I I I I I I D D T
D D D D D D A A R
E E E E E E T T O
O O O O O O A A L

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Channels

frequency division multiplexing (FDM): different channels transmitted in

different frequency bands
Introduction: 1-22
Access networks: cable-based access
cable headend

cable splitter cable modem

modem CMTS termination system
data, TV transmitted at different
frequencies over shared cable ISP
distribution network

 HFC: hybrid fiber coax

• asymmetric: up to 40 Mbps – 1.2 Gbs downstream transmission rate, 30-100 Mbps
upstream transmission rate
 network of cable, fiber attaches homes to ISP router
• homes share access network to cable headend
Introduction: 1-23
Wireless access networks
Shared wireless access network connects end system to router
 via base station aka “access point”

Wireless local area networks Wide-area cellular access networks

(WLANs)  provided by mobile, cellular network
 typically within or around operator (10’s km)
building (~100 ft)  10’s Mbps
 802.11b/g/n (WiFi): 11, 54, 450  4G cellular networks (5G coming)
Mbps transmission rate

to Internet
to Internet
Introduction: 1-24
Access networks: enterprise networks

Enterprise link to
ISP (Internet)
institutional router
Ethernet institutional mail,
switch web servers

 companies, universities, etc.

 mix of wired, wireless link technologies, connecting a mix of switches
and routers (we’ll cover differences shortly)
 Ethernet: wired access at 100Mbps, 1Gbps, 10Gbps
 WiFi: wireless access points at 11, 54, 450 Mbps
Introduction: 1-25
Host: sends packets of data
host sending function:
 takes application message
 breaks into smaller chunks, known two packets,
as packets, of length L bits L bits each
 transmits packet into access
network at transmission rate R 2 1

• link transmission rate, aka link host

capacity, aka link bandwidth R: link transmission rate

packet time needed to L (bits)

transmission = transmit L-bit =
delay packet into link R (bits/sec)
Introduction: 1-26
Links: physical media
 bit: propagates between Twisted pair (TP)
transmitter/receiver pairs  two insulated copper wires
 physical link: what lies • Category 5: 100 Mbps, 1 Gbps Ethernet
between transmitter & • Category 6: 10Gbps Ethernet
receiver
 guided media:
• signals propagate in solid
media: copper, fiber, coax
 unguided media:
• signals propagate freely,
e.g., radio
Introduction: 1-27
Links: physical media
Coaxial cable: Fiber optic cable:
 two concentric copper conductors  glass fiber carrying light pulses, each
pulse a bit
 bidirectional  high-speed operation:
 broadband: • high-speed point-to-point transmission
• multiple frequency channels on cable (10’s-100’s Gbps)
• 100’s Mbps per channel  low error rate:
• repeaters spaced far apart
• immune to electromagnetic noise

Introduction: 1-28
Links: physical media
Wireless radio Radio link types:
 signal carried in  terrestrial microwave
electromagnetic spectrum • up to 45 Mbps channels

 no physical “wire”  Wireless LAN (Wi-Fi)

• Up to 100’s Mbps
 broadcast and “half-duplex”  wide-area (e.g., cellular)
(sender to receiver)
• 4G cellular: ~ 10’s Mbps
 propagation environment
 satellite
effects: • up to 45 Mbps per channel
• reflection • 270 msec end-end delay
• obstruction by objects • geosynchronous versus low-
• interference earth-orbit

Introduction: 1-29