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Reflection of Light Revised Grade 10 Science

The document discusses reflection of light off surfaces and the laws of reflection. It defines specular and diffuse reflection and describes the characteristics of real and virtual images formed by plane and curved mirrors. It provides formulas for determining the number of images formed by two plane mirrors, the mirror equation, and magnification. Concave mirrors form real, inverted images between the focal point and center of curvature, while convex mirrors always form virtual, upright images behind the mirror.

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143 views

Reflection of Light Revised Grade 10 Science

The document discusses reflection of light off surfaces and the laws of reflection. It defines specular and diffuse reflection and describes the characteristics of real and virtual images formed by plane and curved mirrors. It provides formulas for determining the number of images formed by two plane mirrors, the mirror equation, and magnification. Concave mirrors form real, inverted images between the focal point and center of curvature, while convex mirrors always form virtual, upright images behind the mirror.

Uploaded by

Furr Joy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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 When light hits a smooth

surface like a mirror, light is


reflected.
 Reflection is the turning back
or bouncing of light when it
hits a barrier.
1st Law of Reflection
The law of reflection states that when a ray of light reflects off
a surface, the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of
reflection.
2nd Law of Reflection
The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal all lie in
the same plane.
Reflection off of smooth surfaces such as mirrors or a calm
body of water leads to a type of reflection known as
specular reflection
Reflection off of rough surfaces such as clothing, paper, and the
asphalt roadway leads to a type of reflection known as

diffuse reflection
Image Characteristics
. Multiple Images Formed by
Two Plane Mirrors at 90 degree Angle
 The number of images, N, can be determined
using the formula:

 N = (360/angle bet. the mirror) -1.

 Parallel mirrors on the other hand produce infinite


number of images.
 Real Images
 always inverted and is
formed by actuals rays of
light; appear in front of
mirror.
 These can be projected
on a screen.
 Virtual Images
always erect and
appear behind mirrors.
It cannot be projected
on a screen.
 It is a curved mirror in which the
reflective surface bulges away
from the light source.
 It is called Converging Mirror
because the parallel incident rays
converge or meet/intersect at a
focal point after reflection.
If a concave mirror is thought of as being a slice
of a sphere, then there would be a line passing
through the center of the sphere and attaching to
the mirror in the exact center of the mirror. This
line is known as the principal axis.
The point in the center of sphere from which the
mirror was sliced is known as the center of
curvature and is denoted by the letter C in the
diagram below.
The point on the mirror's surface where the
principal axis meets the mirror is known as the
vertex and is denoted by the letter A in the
diagram below. The vertex is the geometric
center of the mirror.
Midway between the vertex and the center of
curvature is a point known as the focal point;
the focal point is denoted by the letter F in the
diagram.The distance from the vertex to the
center of curvature is known as the radius of
curvature (abbreviated by "R"). The radius of
curvature is the radius of the sphere from which
the mirror was cut. Finally, the distance from
the mirror to the focal point is known as the
focal length (abbreviated by "f"). Since the
focal point is the midpoint of the line segment
adjoining the vertex and the center of
curvature, the focal length would be one-half
the radius of curvature.
•Any incident ray traveling parallel to the principal axis on the way
to the mirror will pass through the focal point upon reflection.
•Any incident ray passing through the focal point on the way to the
mirror will travel parallel to the principal axis upon reflection.
Image is real, smaller in size, inverted
and located between C and F.
Image is real, same size, inverted and
located at C.
Image is real, bigger in size, inverted
and located beyond C.
An image is not formed.
Image is virtual, bigger in size, upright
and located behind the mirror.
 It is a curved mirror in which the
reflective surface bulges towards the
light source.
 It is called Diverging Mirror because the
parallel incident rays diverge after
reflection.
 When extending the reflected rays
behind the mirror, the rays converge at
the focus behind the mirror.
The diagrams above shows that in each case, the image is
•located behind the convex mirror
•a virtual image
•an upright image
•reduced in size (i.e., smaller than the object)
The mirror equation expresses the quantitative relationship
between the object distance (do), the image distance (di), and
the focal length (f). The equation is stated as follows:

                
The Magnification equation relates the ratio of the image
distance and object distance to the ratio of the image height
(hi) and object height (ho). The magnification equation is
stated as follows:
•f is + if the mirror is a concave mirror
•f is - if the mirror is a convex mirror
•di is + if the image is a real image and located
on the object's side of the mirror.
•di is - if the image is a virtual image and
located behind the mirror.
•hi is + if the image is an upright image (and
therefore, also virtual)
•hi is - if the image an inverted image (and
therefore, also real)

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