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Assignment Classical & Operant Conditioning

The document discusses classical and operant conditioning theories of learning. It describes Pavlov's famous experiment showing how a dog learns to associate a bell with food through repeated pairings, demonstrating classical conditioning. The document also explains B.F. Skinner's operant conditioning theory, which focuses on voluntary behaviors that are shaped by reinforcement or punishment.

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Haseeb Roy
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162 views

Assignment Classical & Operant Conditioning

The document discusses classical and operant conditioning theories of learning. It describes Pavlov's famous experiment showing how a dog learns to associate a bell with food through repeated pairings, demonstrating classical conditioning. The document also explains B.F. Skinner's operant conditioning theory, which focuses on voluntary behaviors that are shaped by reinforcement or punishment.

Uploaded by

Haseeb Roy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment

Classical And Operant


Conditioning

Course: Foundation of Education


Submitted to Miss Rubab Nawaz
Submitted by Muhammad Haseeb
Classical Conditioning
In 1890’s, A Russian Physiologist
Ivan Pavlov Described this theory of
learning
Focuses on Involuntary automatic
behaviors
Conti….
Pavlov’s did really famous experiment on
dogs.
Showed some food and rang bell at same
time
After a while, Dogs would associate the
bell with foods
Conti…
They would learn that when they heard the bell,
they would get a fed.
Eventually just ringing the bell made dog the
salivate. They learned to expect food at the sound
of a bell.
You know under normal condition the sight and
smell of food, causes a dog to salivate.
We call the food an unconditional stimulus
(something that rouses or incites to activity: such
as. : incentive) and we call the salivate to
unconditional response.
Conti…
Nobody trains a dog to salivate over some
steak
However when we pair unconditional
stimulus like food with something that was
previously neutral, like sound of the bell.
Then neutral stimulus becomes
conditional stimulus.
And so classical conditioning was
discovered.
How does it work
with humans?

Itworks in exactly the same way as


above.
Pavlov’s Experiment
Operant Conditioning
In 1938’s, American Psychologist
B. F. Skinner described this theory of
learning
Focuses on voluntary automatic behaviors
There are two main components
in operant conditioning

1) Reinforcement
2) Punishment
Reinforcement & Punishment

Reinforcement make Punishment make it


a more likely that less likely
you will do
something again. Negative (-ve)
Positive (+ve)
Positive
Means the addition of stimulus like
getting the dessert after finish your
veggies.

Negative
Means the removal of stimulus like
getting night of no homework because
you did well on exams.
Example
Let’s take example of operant conditioning.
After eating dinner with your family, you clear
the table and washed the dishes.
When you are done, your mom gives you a big
hug and says “ Thank you for helping me”.
In this situation, your mom’s response is
positive reinforcement.
If it makes you more likely to repeat the
operant response.
Example of Punishment
Suppose your uncle gives you reward to
passed the exams and you achieve
And if in the exams of next class you
don’t pass then he receive back that
rewards until you pass again.
This is an example of punishment.
Example

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