Factoring 2

FACTORING
FACTORIN
G
is the process of
reducing product to
its prime factors
Prime Number
is a number greater
than one which has two
positive factors:
1 and itself
TYPES OF FACTORING
Factoring the GCF
Difference of 2 Squares
Perfect Square Trinomial
Sum of 2 Cubes
Difference of 2 Cubes
Quadratic Trinomial
Factoring by Grouping
Factor 12x3y5 – 20x5y2z
(a) Find the greatest common factor of the numerical
coefficients
The GCF of 12 and 20 is 4
(b) Find the common variable with the least exponent
x and y are both common to all terms

and 3 is the smallest exponent for x, and
2 is the smallest exponent for y, thus x3y2
is the GCF of the variables.
(c) The product of the greatest
common factor in (a) and (b) is
the GCF of the polynomial
Hence, 4x3y2 is the GCF

of 12x3y5 – 20x5y2z
(d) To completely factor the
given polynomial, divide the
polynomial by its GCF,
the resulting quotient is the other
factor
Thus, the factored form of

12x3y5 – 20x5y2z is
4x3y2 ( 3y3 – 5x2z)

Find the factors of 8x2 + 16x
8x is the GCF
Divide the given expression by the
GCF
x+2
The factored form of
8x2 + 16x is
8x(x+2)
Find the factors of 15x2y3 - 25x4y2 + 50xy
5xy is the GCF

GCF
3xy2 – 5x3y + 10
The factored form is :
5xy(3xy2–5x3y+10)
Find the factors of 18x5y+12x4y- 6x3y+3x2y
3x2y is the GCF

GCF
6x3+4x2-2x+1
3x2y(6x3+4x2-2x+1)
Find the factors of 4a2b- 8ab2+12a2b2
4ab is the GCF

GCF
a – 2b + 3ab
4ab(a – 2b + 3ab)
Find the factors of 24n2r – 33n2s + 45rs2
3 is the GCF

GCF
8n2r –11n2s+15rs2
3(8n2r –11n2s+15rs2 )
Complete the table below:
Given GCF Quotient Factored
Form
5x2y + 11xy
18b3 - 30b2
25x3y2 – 55x2y3
Complete the table below:
Given GCF Quotient Factored
Form
5x2y + 11xy xy 5x+11 xy(5x+11)
18b3 - 30b2 6b2 3b-5 6b2(3b-5)
25x3y2 – 55x2y3 5x2y2 5x-11y 5x2y2 (5x-

11y)
x –y =
2 2 (x+y)(x-y)
x – 49 =
6
(x -7) (x +7)
3 3
4x2 – 36 = (2x+6) (2x-6)

a2b4 – 81= (ab 9) (ab +9)
2- 2
16x -25y = (4x-5y ) (4x+5y )

2 4 2 2
Remember the factored form
of a polynomial that is a
difference of two squares is
the sum and difference of the
square roots of the first and
last terms.
4x – 36y
2 2
The square root of

4x is 2x
2
The square root of

36y is 6y
2
To write their factors,
Write the product of the
sum and difference of the
square roots of 4x2 - 36y2
that is (2x–6y)(2x+6y)
9x2 – 16y2 =
(3x-4y) (3x+4y)
25x – 49 =
6
(5x3-7) (5x3+7)
144m2-256n2 =
(12m-16n) (12m+16n)
400x – 289y =
6 4
(20x3+17y2) (20x3-17y2)
16a4b4 –121 =
(4a b -11) (4a b +11)
2 2 2 2
¼ x2-225 =
(1/2 x-15) (1/2x+15)
A perfect square
trinomial is the
result of squaring a
binomial.
A perfect square trinomial has
first and last terms which are
perfect squares and a middle
term which is twice the
product of the square root of
the first and last terms.
x +8x+16 =
2
(x+4) 2
4x2 -28x+49 = (2x-7)2

9y +30y+25 =
2
(3y+5) 2
36x +12x+1 =
2 (6x+1)2
x y +20xy+100 =
2 2 (xy+10)2
To factor perfect square
trinomials:
1)Get the square root of the

first and last terms.
2) List down the square root as sum/

difference of two terms as the case
may be.
16x4+88x2+121 = (4x2+11)2
25x -130x+169=
2 (5x-13)2
81x2+36x+4 = (9x+2)2
64x4y2+192x2y+144 = (8x y+12)
2 2
¼ x +4x+16 =
2 (1/2x+4)2
SUM OF TWO
CUBES x 3 + y3
1) Find the cube roots of the first
and last terms
x and y
2)Write their sum as the first factor
x+y
3) For the second factor, get the
trinomial factor by:
a. Squaring the first term of the first
factor; x2
b. Subtracting the product of the first and
second terms of the first factor.
-xy
c. Squaring the last term of the first
factor y2
4) Write them in factored form
(x+y) ( x2-xy+y2)
Example:
x +8
3
(x +2) (x -2x +4)

2
DIFFERENCE OF TWO CUBES
x 3 - y3
1) Find the cube roots of the first
and last terms
x and y
2)Write their difference as the
first factor x-y
3) For the second factor, get the
trinomial factor by:
a. Squaring the first term of the first
factor; x2
b. Adding the product of the first and
second terms of the first factor.
+xy
c. Squaring the last term of the first
factor y2
4) Write them in factored form
(x-y) ( x2+xy+y2)
Example:
x -27
3
(x -3) (x +3x +9)

2
8x3+1= (2x+1) (4x2-2x+1)
27x -64=
3 (3x-4) (9x2+12x+16)
125x +y = 3 3 (5x+y) (25x2-5xy+y2)
x y +216=
3 3 (xy+6) (x2y2-6xy+36)
x -729=
6 (x2-9) (x4+9x2+81)
QUADRATIC TRINOMIAL
ax2+bx+c Where a = 1
A quadratic trinomial is a trinomial

of the second degree
its factors are two binomials with

similar terms
QUADRATIC TRINOMIAL
ax2+bx+c Where a = 1
A quadratic trinomial is a trinomial

of the second degree
its factors are two binomials with

similar terms
Example:
x2+5x+6
Find the factors of the leading term
(x ) (x )
List all the possible factors of +6
6 1
2 3
-6 -1
-2 -3
Find factors of 6 whose sum is +5
6 1 +7
2 3 +5
-6 -1 -7
-2 -3 -5
Thus, the factor of x2+5x+6 are:
( x +2 ) ( x +3)
Example:
x2-7x+10
(x ) (x )
List all the possible factors of +10
10 1
2 5
-10 -1
-2 -5
Find factors of 10 whose sum is -7
10 1 +11
2 5 +7
-10 -1 -11
-2 -5 -7
Thus, the factor of x2-7x+10 are:
( x -2 ) ( x -5)
Example:
x2-3x-18
(x ) (x )
List all the possible factors of -18
-18 1
18 -1
-2 9
2 -9
-3 6
3 -6
Find factors of -18 whose sum is -3
-18 1 -17
18 -1 +17
-2 9 +7
2 -9 -7
-3 6 +3
3 -6 -3
Thus, the factor of x2-3x-18 are:
( x +3 ) ( x -6)
To factor trinomials with 1 as the
numerical coefficient of the
leading term:
1) Factor the leading term of the
trinomial and write these factors as the
leading terms of the factors;
2) List down all the factors

of the last term;
3) Identify which factor pair
sums up to the middle term; then
4) Write each factor in the pairs as

the last term of the binomial factors.
EXERCISES:
x2-x-12 (x-4) (x+3)
x2-2x-24 (x-6) (x+4)
x2-3x-40 (x-8) (x+5)
x2-10x-24 ( x + 2 ) ( x - 12 )
x2+5x-14 ( x + 7 ) ( x - 2 )
EXERCISES:
x2+9x-10 ( x - 1 ) ( x + 10 )
x2+7x-30 ( x - 3 ) ( x + 10 )
x2-2x-48 (x-8) (x+6)
x2-12x+27 (x-3) (x-9)
x2+5x+4 (x+1) (x+4)
DRILL:
2x2 (2x) (x)
3x2 (3x) (x)
4x2 (4x)(x) (2x)(2x)
5x2 (5x)(x)
6x2 (6x)(x) (3x)(2x)
DRILL:
7x2 (7x) (x)
8x2 (8x) (x) (4x)(2x)
9x2 (9x)(x) (3x)(3x)
10x2 (10x)(x) (5x)(2x)
12x2 (12x)(x) (6x)(2x) (4x)(3x)
QUADRATIC TRINOMIAL
ax2+bx+c Where a ≠ 1
Example: 2x2-11x+12
1) Multiply the first and last terms
(2x2) (12) = 24x2
2) Find the factors of 24x2
whose sum is -11x
4x 6x 10x
-4x -6x -10x
3x 8x
11x
-3x -8x
-11x
2x 12x
14x
-2x -12x
x 24x -14x
-x -24x 25x
-25x
(-3x) + (-8x) = -11x
3) Rewrite the trinomial as four-term
expressions by replacing the middle term
by the sum factor
2x2 -3x -8x + 12
4) Group the terms with a
common factor
( 2x2 – 8x ) + ( -3x + 12 )
( 2x2 – 8x ) + ( -3x + 12 )
5) Factor the groups using GCF
2x (x – 4) –3 (x – 4)
6) Factor out the common
binomial and write the
remaining factor as sum or
difference of binomial
( x – 4 ) ( 2x – 3 )
Example:
6x2-5x-6
1) Multiply the first and last terms

(6x2) (-6) = -36x2
2) Find the factors of -36x2

whose sum is -5x
-6x 6x 0
-9x 4x -5x
9x -4x 5x
-3x 12x 9x
3x -12x -9x
-2x 18x 16x
2x -18x
-16x
-x 36x
35x
x -36x
-35x
(-9x) + (4x) = -5x
3) Rewrite the trinomial as four-term
expressions by replacing the middle term
by the sum factor
6x2 -9x +4x - 6
4) Group the terms with a
common factor
( 6x2 – 9x ) + ( 4x - 6 )
( 6x2 – 9x ) + ( 4x - 6 )
5) Factor the groups using GCF
3x (2x – 3) + 2 (2x – 3)
6) Factor out the common
binomial and write the
remaining factor as sum or
difference of binomial
( 3x+2 ) ( 2x – 3 )
EXERCISE
S:
1) 6x2 – x - 2
( 3x – 2 ) ( 2x + 1 )
2) 3x2 – 11x - 20
( 3x + 4 ) (x - 5 )
3) 8x2 – 18x + 9
( 2x – 3 ) ( 4x - 3 )
FACTORING BY GROUPING
8mt - 12at – 10mh + 15ah
1) Group the terms with a common factor
(8mt – 12at)+ (-10mh +15ah)

2) Factor out the greatest common
monomial factor in each group
4t (2m–3a) -5h (2m-3a)
4t (2m–3a) -5h (2m-3a)
2) Factor out the common binomial

factor and write the remaining factor
as a sum or difference of the common
monomial factors
(2m-3a) (4t-5h)
18Lv + 6Le + 24ov + 8oe
1) Group the terms with a common factor
(18Lv + 6Le) + (24ov + 8oe)

2) Factor out the greatest common
monomial factor in each group
6L (3v + e) + 8o (3v + e)
6L (3v + e) + 8o (3v + e)
2) Factor out the common binomial

factor and write the remaining factor
as a sum or difference of the common
monomial factors
(3v + e) (6L + 8o)

(6v+2e) (3L+4o)
(3v + e) (6L + 8o)
(6v+2e) (3L+4o)
(3v + e) (2) (3L + 4o)

(2) (3v+e) (3L+4o)
EXERCISE
S:
1) 4wt + 2wh + 6it + 3ih
( 2w + 3i ) ( 2t + h )
2) 15te – 12he + 10ty -8hy
( 3e + 2y ) ( 5t – 4h )

Factoring 2

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FACTORING

Factoring the GCF

Perfect Square Trinomial

(b) Find the common variable with the least exponent

x and y are both common to all terms

Hence, 4x3y2 is the GCF

Thus, the factored form of

4x3y2 ( 3y3 – 5x2z)

5xy is the GCF

Divide the given expression by the

3x2y is the GCF

Divide the given expression by the

4ab is the GCF

Divide the given expression by the

Divide the given expression by the

5x2y + 11xy xy 5x+11 xy(5x+11)

18b3 - 30b2 6b2 3b-5 6b2(3b-5)

25x3y2 – 55x2y3 5x2y2 5x-11y 5x2y2 (5x-

4x2 – 36 = (2x+6) (2x-6)

16x -25y = (4x-5y ) (4x+5y )

The square root of

The square root of

4x2 -28x+49 = (2x-7)2

1)Get the square root of the

2) List down the square root as sum/

(x +2) (x -2x +4)

(x -3) (x +3x +9)

125x +y = 3 3 (5x+y) (25x2-5xy+y2)

A quadratic trinomial is a trinomial

its factors are two binomials with

A quadratic trinomial is a trinomial

its factors are two binomials with

Thus, the factor of x2+5x+6 are:

Thus, the factor of x2-7x+10 are:

Thus, the factor of x2-3x-18 are:

2) List down all the factors

4) Write each factor in the pairs as

1) Multiply the first and last terms

2) Find the factors of -36x2

(8mt – 12at)+ (-10mh +15ah)

2) Factor out the common binomial

(18Lv + 6Le) + (24ov + 8oe)

2) Factor out the common binomial

(3v + e) (6L + 8o)

(3v + e) (2) (3L + 4o)

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