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    Biological Molecules Lesson 1

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    Silvya
    Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are the four major biological molecules that support life. Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and include sugars like glucose. Proteins are made of amino acid chains and contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur or phosphorus. They perform many functions in the body including growth, tissue repair, and energy production. Lipids like fats and oils contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and serve as an energy source, provide insulation, and help form cell membranes and myelin sheaths.

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    Biological Molecules Lesson 1

    Uploaded by

    Silvya
    22 views20 pages
    Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are the four major biological molecules that support life. Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and include sugars like glucose. Proteins are made of amino acid chains and contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur or phosphorus. They perform many functions in the body including growth, tissue repair, and energy production. Lipids like fats and oils contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and serve as an energy source, provide insulation, and help form cell membranes and myelin sheaths.

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    Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are the four major biological molecules that support life. Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and include sugars like glucose. Proteins are made of amino acid chains and contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur or phosphorus. They perform many functions in the body including growth, tissue repair, and energy production. Lipids like fats and oils contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and serve as an energy source, provide insulation, and help form cell membranes and myelin sheaths.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    22 views20 pages

    Biological Molecules Lesson 1

    Uploaded by

    Silvya
    Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are the four major biological molecules that support life. Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and include sugars like glucose. Proteins are made of amino acid chains and contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur or phosphorus. They perform many functions in the body including growth, tissue repair, and energy production. Lipids like fats and oils contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and serve as an energy source, provide insulation, and help form cell membranes and myelin sheaths.

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    BIOLOGICAL

    MOLECULES
    Flashcards - Topic 4 Biological Molecules - CAIE Biology IGCSE - PMT (phy
    sicsandmathstutor.com)
    List the molecules that support
    life

    Learning State the unit molecules that


    make up each biological
    objectives molecule

    State the elements found in


    different types of biological
    molecules
    Vocabulary

    Atom Element Molecule Metabolic


    reactions
    Biological molecules
    • Biological molecules are chemicals that
    support life
    The are used to make the structure of
    living things
    They are involved in chemical reactions
    that support life
    Biological
    molecules
    The groups of biological molecules are:

    Carbohydrates
    Proteins
    Lipids
    Nucleic acids
    Carbohydrates
    Carbohydrate
    s

    • Long chains of simple sugars


    • Glucose is a simple sugar ( a
    monosaccharide)
    • When 2 glucose molecules join
    together maltose is formed (a
    disaccharide)
    • When lots of glucose molecules join
    together starch, glycogen or
    cellulose can form (a polysaccharide)
    Carbohydrates are made of

    carbon,

    Carbohydrat
    es
    hydrogen, and

    oxygen.
    Structure of
    glucose
    Functions of carbohydrates

    • They are used as a source of energy for the body.


    • Store energy
    • Used to make cell walls in plants
    •Monosaccharides (i.e., glucose) are the simplest
    form of sugars.
    •They are a single unit, and they cannot be broken
    down any further to make a simpler sugar.
    Types of
    carbohydrates
    • Disaccharides are literally two monosaccharides
    joined together, e.g., maltose
    •Polysaccharides are large chains of monosaccharides
    joined together 
    • Starch is a polysaccharide made of large chains of
    glucose and
    • glycogen is also a polysaccharide made up of
    chains of glucose
    • Cellulose is a polysaccharide made of large chains
    of glucose 
    Proteins
    Proteins
    • Long chains of amino acids
    • There are about 20 different amino acids
    They all contain the same basic
    structure, but the ‘R’ group is different for
    each one
    • When amino acids are joined together a
    protein is formed
    • The amino acids can be arranged in any
    order, resulting in hundreds of thousands of
    different proteins
    • Even a small difference in the order of the
    amino acids results in a different protein
    being formed

    Q. Name the elements that make up amino acids


    Functions of proteins
    Proteins are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur or phosphorus.
    They are extremely important to the body and serve many different functions.

    Growth

    Tissue repair 

    Cell membrane formation

    Source of energy 
    Lipids: Fats and oils
    Fats and oils

    Most fats (lipids) in the body are made


    up of triglycerides

    Their basic unit is 1 glycerol molecule chemically


    bonded to 3 fatty acid chains
    Fats and oils are made up carbon, hydrogen and
    oxygen
    The fatty acids vary in size and structure

    Lipids are divided into fats (solids at


    room temperature) and oils (liquids at
    room temperature)
    Functions of fats

    • Fats are made of carbon, hydrogen, and


    oxygen. The oxygen content is lower
    than in carbohydrates. Fats have various
    purposes in the body:
    • Source of energy. In fact, they have two
    times higher energy content than
    carbohydrates!
    • Heat insulation
    • Myelin sheath formation
    • Cell membrane formation
    Biological
    molecules
    Video analysis
    • Key points

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