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    Lect 8

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    Noor Haziqah
    The document discusses bricks, including their composition, production, types, and classification. Bricks are made from clay and other materials like sand and lime and are produced in various sizes. They are categorized as either fired or non-fired. The key components of bricks include silica, alumina, lime, iron oxide, and magnesia. Bricks are commonly classified based on their manufacturing process and quality into first, second, third, and fourth class bricks. The document also outlines the basic brick manufacturing steps and factors that influence brick quality.

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    Lect 8

    Uploaded by

    Noor Haziqah
    26 views15 pages
    The document discusses bricks, including their composition, production, types, and classification. Bricks are made from clay and other materials like sand and lime and are produced in various sizes. They are categorized as either fired or non-fired. The key components of bricks include silica, alumina, lime, iron oxide, and magnesia. Bricks are commonly classified based on their manufacturing process and quality into first, second, third, and fourth class bricks. The document also outlines the basic brick manufacturing steps and factors that influence brick quality.

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    lect 8

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    The document discusses bricks, including their composition, production, types, and classification. Bricks are made from clay and other materials like sand and lime and are produced in various sizes. They are categorized as either fired or non-fired. The key components of bricks include silica, alumina, lime, iron oxide, and magnesia. Bricks are commonly classified based on their manufacturing process and quality into first, second, third, and fourth class bricks. The document also outlines the basic brick manufacturing steps and factors that influence brick quality.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    26 views15 pages

    Lect 8

    Uploaded by

    Noor Haziqah
    The document discusses bricks, including their composition, production, types, and classification. Bricks are made from clay and other materials like sand and lime and are produced in various sizes. They are categorized as either fired or non-fired. The key components of bricks include silica, alumina, lime, iron oxide, and magnesia. Bricks are commonly classified based on their manufacturing process and quality into first, second, third, and fourth class bricks. The document also outlines the basic brick manufacturing steps and factors that influence brick quality.

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    of 15

    BRICKS

    BSR402
    ELMA DEWIYANA ISMAIL
    Bricks??
     A brick is a building material used to make
    walls, pavements and other elements in
    masonry construction.
     A brick can be composed of clay-bearing soil,
    sand and lime, or concrete materials.
     Bricks are produced in numerous classes,

    types, materials, and sizes which vary with


    region and time period, and are produced in
    bulk quantities.
     Two basic categories of bricks are fired and

    non-fired bricks.  BSR402


     ELMA DEWIYANA ISMAIL
     016.944.9904
    Bricks??
     Bricks are the most commonly used construction
    material. Bricks are prepared by moulding clay in
    rectangular blocks of uniform size and then
    drying and burning these blocks. In order to get a
    good quality brick, the brick earth should contain
    the following constituents.
     Silica
     Alumina
     Lime
     Iron oxide
     Magnesia  BSR402

     ELMA DEWIYANA ISMAIL


     016.944.9904
    Ingredients of bricks
     1. Silica
     Brick earth should contain about 50 to % of silica.
     It is responsible for preventing cracking, shrinking and warping of raw bricks.
     It also affects the durability of bricks.
     If present in excess, then it destroys the cohesion between particles and the
    brick becomes brittle.
     2. Alumina
     Good brick earth should contain about 20% to 30% of alumina.
     It is responsible for plasticity characteristic of earth, which is important in
    moulding operation.
     If present in excess, then the raw brick shrink and warp during drying.
     3. Lime
     The percentage of lime should be in the range of 5% to 10% in a good brick
    earth.
     It prevents shrinkage of bricks on drying.
     It causes silica in clay to melt on burning and thus helps to bind it.
     Excess of lime causes the brick to melt and brick looses its shape.
    Ingredients of bricks
     4. Iron oxide
     A good brick earth should contain about 5% to 7% of iron

    oxide.
     It gives red colour to the bricks.
     It improves impermeability and durability.
     It gives strength and hardness.
     If present in excess, then the colour of brick becomes dark

    blue or blakish.
     If the quantity of iron oxide is comparatively less, the brick

    becomes yellowish in colour.


     5. Magnesia
     Good brick earth should contain less a small quantity of

    magnesia about1%)
     Magnesium in brick earth imparts yellow tint to the brick.
     It is responsible for reducing shrinkage
     Excess of magnesia leads to the decay of bricks.
    5 MOST COMMON HARMFUL INGREDIENTS IN BRICK
     1. Lime
     A small quantity of lime is
    required in brick earth. But
    if present in excess, it
    causes the brick to melt
    and hence brick looses its
    shape.
     2. Iron pyrites
     The presence of iron 3. Alkalis
    pyrites in brick earth The alkalis remaining in bricks will
    absorb moisture from the
    causes the brick to get
    atmosphere, when bricks are used in
    crystallized and masonry. With the passage of time,
    disintegrated during the moisture gets evaporated leaving
    burning, because of the grey or white deposits on the wall
    oxidation of the iron pyrits. surface (known as efflorescence).
     Pyrites discolourise the This white patch affects the
    appearance of the building structure.
    bricks.
    5 MOST COMMON HARMFUL INGREDIENTS IN BRICK
     4. Pebbles
     Stone in Brick Pebbles in brick earth
    create problem during mixing operation
    of earth. It prevents uniform and through
    mixing of clay, which results in weak and
    porous bricks
     Bricks containing pebbles will not break
    into shapes as per requirements.

     5. Vegetation and Organic Matter


     The presence of vegetation and organic
    matter in brick earth assists in burning.
    But if such matter is not completely
    burnt, the bricks become porous. This is
    due to the fact that the gasses will be
    evolved during the burning of the
    carbonaceous matter and it will result in
    the formation of small pores.
    5 Common Brick Types
    THERE ARE VARIOUS TYPES OF BRICKS USED IN
    MASONRY.

     Common Burnt Clay Bricks


     Sand Lime Bricks (Calcium Silicate Bricks)
     Engineering Bricks

     Concrete Bricks

     Fly ash Clay Bricks

    Bricks are normally used as siding in the building


    industry due in part to its important characteristics
    and just because it can be a good affordable
    option.
    Manufacturing of bricks.
    In the process of manufacturing bricks, the following
    distinct operations are involved.

     1.Preparation of clay

     2.Moulding

     3.Drying

     4.Burning
    Classification of Bricks as
    per common practice
    :
    Bricks, which are used in construction works,
    are burnt bricks. They are classified into four
    categories on the basis of its manufacturing
    and preparation, as given below.

     1.First class bricks


     2.Second class bricks
     3.Third class bricks
     4.Fourth class bricks
    Classification of bricks
    First Class Bricks
     These bricks are table moulded and of standard shape

    and they are burnt in kilns


     . The surface
     and edges of the bricks are sharp, square, smooth and

    straight. They comply with all the


     qualities of good bricks. These bricks are used for

    superior work of permanent nature.


    Second Class Bricks:
     These bricks are ground moulded and they are burnt in

    kilns. The surface of these bricks is


     somewhat rough and shape is also slightly irregular.

    These bricks may have hair cracks and


     their edges may not be sharp and uniform. These

    bricks are commonly used at places where


     brick work is to be provided
    Classification of bricks
    Third Class Bricks
     These bricks are ground mouldedand they are burnt in

    clamps.
     These bricks are not hard and they have rough surfaces

    with irregular and distorted edges. These bricks give


    dull sound when struck together
     They are used for unimportant and temporary structures

    and at places where rainfall is not heavy.

    Fourth Class Bricks


     These are over burnt bricks with irregular shape and

    dark colour. These bricks are used as aggregate for


    concrete in foundations, floors, roads etc, because of
    the fact that the over burnt bricks have a compact
    structure and hence they are sometimes found to be
    stronger than even the first class bricks
    Factors that influence the quality of
    bricks.
     1. the selection of raw materials
     2. workmanship
     3. proper handling / manufacture

    process
     4. suitability of brick usage
    Conclusion
     Bricks are very common material
    used in construction because it is
    economical compared to other
    construction material.
     The usage of bricks are classified by

    its type and quality.


    THANK YOU

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