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Java Presentation

This document provides an overview of inheritance and polymorphism in Java. It discusses key concepts like deriving subclasses from base classes, overriding and overloading methods, and how polymorphism allows objects to take on different forms based on their context. Examples are provided to illustrate inheritance hierarchies between classes like Bird and its subclasses, as well as method overriding and overloading.

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Divit wadhwani
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54 views

Java Presentation

This document provides an overview of inheritance and polymorphism in Java. It discusses key concepts like deriving subclasses from base classes, overriding and overloading methods, and how polymorphism allows objects to take on different forms based on their context. Examples are provided to illustrate inheritance hierarchies between classes like Bird and its subclasses, as well as method overriding and overloading.

Uploaded by

Divit wadhwani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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JAVA

PRESENTATION

Submitted by:
Divit Wadhwani
Kanish Jadhwani

Guided by:
Sneha Pakle ma’am
Inheritance and
Polymorphism
Inheritance
• Derive a new class (subclass) from an existing
class (base class or superclass). A increasingly
general
• Declaring subclasses
"is a"
class B extends A
{ . . . } B increasingly
– means class B is a specialization of class specialized
A
– the "is a" relationship exists
– a B object is an A object
Inheritance
• Other names:
– superclass also called "parent class"
– subclass also called "child class"
• These names help understand concept of
inheritance
• Child class inherits characteristics of parent
class
– attributes
– methods
Example
class A
{
public:
integer d;
};
class B :
public A
{
public:
};
Example
•

• The class B in the example does not have any direct data
member does it?
• Yes, it does. It inherits the data member d from class A.
acquires
When oneallclass
of its methods
inherits and data.
from another, it
•We can then instantiate an object of class B and call
into that data member.
void func()
{
B b;
b.d = 10;
};
Example: A Trip to Aviary
•Consider a collection of birds
which have different properties
– name
–color (some of the same name
are of different colors)
– they eat different things
– they make different noises
–some make multiple kinds of
sounds
Bird class
• Note Bird class is a super class, previous fig
• All subclasses are derived from this bird class.
• Attributes common to all birds
– color
– food
– movement
Inheritance
• When we say …
class TalkingParrot extends Parrot
{ … }
– then a TalkingParrot object inherits
all
Parrot attributes
– (which, in turn, inherits both
FlyingBird
and Bird attributes)
• In general, descendant classes inherit the
attributes of ancestor classes
Results of Inheritance
• Used to eliminate redundant coding
• When we send toString() message to
a Goose or Parrot or
TalkingParrot object
– none of these classes implement the
toString() method
– but … they inherit it from Bird
– toString() need not be redefined in the
subclasses.
Don’t
• Consider the declaration:
Bird abird = new Goose();
– this is legal
– a Goose object "is a" Bird object
• Contrast
Goose aGoose = new Bird("gray",
"walking", "bugs");
– this is NOT legal
– A Bird object is not necessarily a Goose
object
Types of Inheritance
• Multiple Inheritance
Multiple inheritance
Multilevel Inheritance
Hybrid Inheritance
Polymorphism
Polymorphism
• polymorphism (from the Greek meaning
"having multiple forms") is the characteristic
of being able to assign a different meaning to
a particular symbol or "operator" in different
contexts.
• Polymorphism is about an objects ability to
provide context when methods or operators
are called on the object.
Example
• class A
{
public:
virtual void f()=0;
};
• class B
{
public:
virtual void f()
{std::cout << "Hello from B" << std::endl;};
};
Example
• class C
{
public:
virtual void f()
{std::cout << "Hello from C" << std::endl;};
};
Example
• If I have an object A, then calling the method
f() will produce different results depending on
the context, the real type of the object A.
• func(A & a)
{ A.f
();
};
Overloading
• Ability of one function to perform different
tasks.
• Creating several methods with the same
name which differ from each other in the type
of the input and the output of the function.
• The overloaded function must differ by data
types.
Example
• main()
• { cout<<volume(10); cout<<volume(2.5,8);
cout<<volume(100,75,15); }
• // volume of a cube
int volume(int s)
{ return(s*s*s); }
• // volume of a
cylinder
double volume(double r,int h)
{ return(3.14*r*r*h); }
• // volume of a cuboid
long volume(long l,int b,int h)
{ return(l*b*h); }
Overriding
• overriding is a concept used in inheritance
which involves a base class implementation of
a method .
• Then in a subclass, you would make
another implementation of the method.
• Here is one simple example
Example
•
 class Base
{

 public:
 virtual void DoSomething() {x =
x + 5;} private:
 int x;
 };

 class Derived : public Base


{

 public:
 virtual void DoSomething() { y = y + 5;
Base::DoSomething(); } private:
 int y;

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