LEC8 Oncology

Oncology
Dr.Muhammad Imran Nawaz

BSPT(KEMU),MS-ompt(RIU)
What is cancer?
• Cancer is a term that applies to a group of diseases

characterized by the abnormal growth of cells.
• The physical therapist requires an understanding of

underlying cancer pathology, as well as the side
effects, considerations, and precautions related to
cancer care to enhance clinical decision making to
safely and effectively treat the patient with cancer.
• The physical therapist requires an understanding of
underlying ;
 Cancer pathology
 Side effects
 Considerations and precautions related to cancer
care to enhance clinical decision making to safely and
effectively treat the patient with cancer.
Definitions…
What is neoplasm?
• Neoplasm means "new growth" and applies to

any abnormal mass of tissue which exceeds
the growth of normal tissue.
What is tumor?
• Tumor: The term originally applied to the

swelling caused by inflammation
• Cancer is the lay person's term for all

malignant neoplasms.
PRIMARY CARE
Clinical Tips & primary care
• Special care must be taken with skin grafts. Patients
usually remain on bed rest to allow the graft to begin
to adhere.
(Length of bed rest is dependent on physician's
protocol, ranging from 0 to 36 days)
• During bed rest, therapeutic exercise may be
performed with extremities not involving the skin graft
site.
• Muscle contraction in newly constructed muscle flaps
should be minimized or avoided.
• Physical therapy should be referred while the person
has implanted radioactive seeds.
• Persons undergoing irradiation by beam (radio-
therapy) will have blue markings where the radiation
is being delivered.
• Caution should be taken with the skin and underlying
tissues in that area, because it will be very fragile.
• Persons who have received the maximum allowable
radiation in an area will have that area outlined in
black.
• Special care should be taken with the skin and other
tissues in that area, because it will be very fragile.
• A patient may be prescribed antiemetics after
radiation treatment to control nausea and
vomiting.
• Notify the physician if antiemetic therapy(the
drugs to control vomiting & nausea) is
insufficient to control the patient‘s nausea or
vomiting during physical therapy sessions.
• Some chemotherapeutic agents are so toxic
to humans that patients may have to remain
in their rooms while the agents are being
delivered to avoid risk to other patients and
health care workers.
• Nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy vary
on a patient-to-patient basis.
• The severity of these side effects may be due
to the;
 Disease stage
 Chemotherapeutic dose
 Number of rounds
• Some side effects may be so severe as to limit
physical therapy, whereas others can tolerate
activity.
• Rehabilitation should be delayed or modified until the
side effects from chemotherapy are minimized or
alleviated.
• Patients may be taking antiemetics, which help to
control nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy.
• The physical therapist should alert the physician when
nausea and vomiting limit the patient‘s ability to
participate in physical therapy so that the antiemetic
regimen may be modified or enhanced.
• Chemotherapy agents affect the patient's appetite and
ability to consume and absorb nutrients.
• This decline in nutritional status can inhibit the
patient's progression in strength and conditioning
programs.
• Proper nutritional support should be provided and
directed by a nutritionist.
• Consulting with the nutritionist may be beneficial
when planning the appropriate activity level that is
based on a patient's caloric intake.
• Patients should be aware of the possible side
effects and understand the need for
modification or delay of rehabilitation efforts.
• Patients should be given emotional support
and encouragement when they are unable to
achieve the goals that they have initially set.
• Intervention may be coordinated around the
patient's medication schedule.
• Vital signs should always be monitored,
especially when patients are taking the more
toxic chemotherapy agents that affect the
heart, lungs, and central nervous system.
• Platelet, red and white blood cell counts
should be monitored with a patient on
chemotherapy.
• Patients receiving chemotherapy can become
neutropenic.
• They can be at risk for infections and sepsis.
As we know that;(A neutrophil is a type of leukocyte or
white blood cell that is often the first immunologic cell at
the site of infection)
• Neutropenia is an abnormally low neutrophil count.
• Therefore, patients undergoing chemotherapy may be on
neutropenic precautions, such as being in isolation.
• Follow the institution's guidelines for precautions when
treating these patients to help reduce the risk of
infections.
THANK YOU

LEC8 Oncology

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Oncology

Dr.Muhammad Imran Nawaz

• Cancer is a term that applies to a group of diseases

• The physical therapist requires an understanding of

• Neoplasm means "new growth" and applies to

• Tumor: The term originally applied to the

• Cancer is the lay person's term for all

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