Inclusion Bodies

Inclusion bodies
Inclusion bodies
• Certain viruses produce inclusion bodies in the infected cells
• Inclusion bodies are generally aggregation of virus particles

in the cells infected with virus and they can be observed
under the ordinary microscope
• They are helpful for diagnosis of certain viruses

Syncytium (pl. syncytia) formation
uninfected
cells
activated
fusion protein
budding
virus
syncytium
Inclusion bodies
Inclusion bodies, sometimes called elementary bodies,

are nuclear or cytoplasmic aggregates of stainable
substances, usually proteins.
Inclusion bodies contain very little host protein,
ribosomal components or DNA/RNA fragments.
Mechanism of formation
When genes from one organism are expressed in another the
resulting protein sometimes forms inclusion bodies.
Some inclusions are accumulation of viral components
Exp.-Masses of viral nicleocapside in cytoplasm-Rabies

Crystalline aggregates of virion in nucleus- Adenovirus
Large accumulation of virion in cytoplasm of infected cell-
Reovirus
Other inclusion bodies are the result of degenerative cellular
changes.
Viral inclusion bodies
Intracytoplasmic -
poxviruses, reoviruses, paramyxoviruses, rabies
virus
Negri bodies in Rabies
Guarnieri bodies in vaccinia, variola
Paschen bodies in variola or small pox
Bollinger bodies in fowlpox
Henderson-Patterson bodies in Molluscum contagiosum
Intranuclear acidophilic-
Hersvirus, adenoviruses, parvoviruses
Cowdry type A
Herpes simplex virus , Varicella zoster virus,
Torres bodies in Yellow fever
Cowdry type B
 Polio and adenovirus
Intranuclear basophilic-
Cowdry type B in Adenovirus
"Owl's eye appearance" in cytomegalovirus
Both intranuclear and intracytoplasmic-
Warthin–Finkeldey bodies in Measles
Canine distemper virus, Rinderpest Virus
Porcine cytomegalovirus
Inclusion bodies in Erythrocytes
Normally a red blood cell does not contain inclusions in the

cytoplasm. However, it may be seen because of certain
hematologic disorders.
There are three kinds of erythrocyte inclusions:
Developmental Organelles
• Howell-Jolly bodies: small, round fragments of the
nucleus resulting from karyorrhexis or nuclear
disintegration of the late reticulocyte and stain reddish-
blue with Wright stain.
• Basophilic stipplings - this stipplings is either fine or
coarse, deep blue to purple staining inclusion that
appears in erythrocytes on a dried Wright stain.
• Pappenheimer bodies - are siderotic granules which are
small, irregular, dark-staining granules that appear near
the periphery of a young erythrocyte in a Wright stain.
INCLUSION BODIES - RABIES
• Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in Purkinje cells of the
cerebellum.
• In rabies (caused by a lyssavirus, RNA virus), viral inclusion

bodies form in the cytoplasm of neurons.
• Inclusions may be single or multiple within neurons.
• The inclusions in rabies are termed Negri bodies. Negri bodies

are most commonly seen in Purkinje cells in the cerebellum of
ruminants and the neurons of the hippocampus in carnivores.
• Negribodies-In Rabies Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies present in
brain cells (Neurons),
• C.D-The inclusion bodies are seen in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells

of urinary bladder or gall bladder of dog and cats
• Fowl pox-inclusion bodies are seen in the cytoplasm of the epithelial

cells of skin. They are known as “Bollinger’s bodies”
• Fowl pox-Elementary bodies are seen in the cytoplasm of the

epithelial cells of skin. They are known as “Borrel bodies”
• ILT-Intranuclear inclusion are seen in the epithelial cells of trachea in

poultry
• ICH-Intranuclear inclusion are seen in the hepatic cells of dog

HERPESVIRUS-INTRANUCLEAR
INCLUSIONS
• Pseudorabies in caused by a herpesvirus and is characterized by intranuclear inclusion

bodies in neurons and astrocytes.
• This photomicrograph shows an inclusion body in neurons of a pig with pseudorabies.
• Do you know how the pseudorabies virus gets into the CNS?
• The virus causes a local reaction at the site of inoculation, if percutaneous, and then
spreads centripetally along the related nerve to the spinal cord. Can you think of other
viruses that cause inclusion bodies in the CNS.
CANINE DISTEMPER-INTRANUCLEAR AND
INTRACYTOPLASMIC INCLUSIONS
• Canine distemper virus (a morbillivirus; RNA virus) causes

intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in glial
cells, particularly astrocytes, and ependymal cells, and
occasionally neurons.
• In this photomicrograph of brain from a dog with

distemper note the large inclusion body in an astrocytic
nucleus.
CANINE DISTEMPER
• Canine distemper is caused by a morbillivirus and

infection occurs by the respiratory route.
• Infection is carried into the CNS via infected lymphocytes,
monocytes, and platelets.
• What happens next in the CNS is dependent on animal
age and its genetic makeup and viral strain.
Guarnieri bodies
Intracytoplasmic acidophilic inclusion bodies observed

in epithelial cells in variola (smallpox) and vaccinia
infections; include aggregations of Paschen bodies or
virus particles.
Guarnieri bodies are large intracytoplasmic inclusion

bodies originating from Paschen bodies, caused by
infection with vaccinia or variola virus.
Paschen bodies
Particles of virus observed in relatively large
numbers in squamous cells of the skin (or the
cornea of experimental animals) in variola
(smallpox) or vaccinia.
Bollinger bodies
 viral inclusion body found in fowlpox.
A term for the granular intracytoplasmic inclusions

seen in epithelial cells infected with the fowlpox
virus.
which were described by German pathologist Otto

von Bollinger (1843–1909).
 Bollinger granules - irregular aggregates or

colonizations of gram-positive cocci, usually
staphylococci, observed in lesions of botryomycosis.
Molluscum body
• Intracytoplasmicinclusion body, containing poxvirus

particles, seen in keratinocytes in molluscum
contagiosum.
• Molluscum contagiosuma disease of the skin in humans
and a similar condition in horses, macropods and
chimpanzees caused by a virus in the genus
Molluscipoxvirus.
Cowdry bodies are eosinophilic nuclear inclusions
composed of nucleic acid and protein seen in cells infected
with Herpes simplex virus, Varicella-zoster virus, and
Cytomegalovirus.
They are named after Edmund Cowdry.
There are two types of intranuclear Cowdry bodies:

Type A (as seen in herpes and VZV infections) [1]
Type B (as seen in infection with poliovirus),
Light microscopy is used for detection of cowdry bodies.
ILT
• ICH (CAV-1):-Brain of dog. Individual swollen endothelial cells contain large, dark
intranuclear inclusion bodies (arrow heads).
• Basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in hepatocyte, Kuffer cell of liver
• immunohistochemical method. Bar 5 100 mm.

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Inclusion bodies

• Certain viruses produce inclusion bodies in the infected cells

• Inclusion bodies are generally aggregation of virus particles

• They are helpful for diagnosis of certain viruses

Inclusion bodies, sometimes called elementary bodies,

Some inclusions are accumulation of viral components

Exp.-Masses of viral nicleocapside in cytoplasm-Rabies

Normally a red blood cell does not contain inclusions in the

• In rabies (caused by a lyssavirus, RNA virus), viral inclusion

• Inclusions may be single or multiple within neurons.

• The inclusions in rabies are termed Negri bodies. Negri bodies

• C.D-The inclusion bodies are seen in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells

• Fowl pox-inclusion bodies are seen in the cytoplasm of the epithelial

• Fowl pox-Elementary bodies are seen in the cytoplasm of the

• ILT-Intranuclear inclusion are seen in the epithelial cells of trachea in

• ICH-Intranuclear inclusion are seen in the hepatic cells of dog

• Pseudorabies in caused by a herpesvirus and is characterized by intranuclear inclusion

• This photomicrograph shows an inclusion body in neurons of a pig with pseudorabies.

• Canine distemper virus (a morbillivirus; RNA virus) causes

• In this photomicrograph of brain from a dog with

• Canine distemper is caused by a morbillivirus and

Intracytoplasmic acidophilic inclusion bodies observed

Guarnieri bodies are large intracytoplasmic inclusion

A term for the granular intracytoplasmic inclusions

which were described by German pathologist Otto

 Bollinger granules - irregular aggregates or

• Intracytoplasmicinclusion body, containing poxvirus

They are named after Edmund Cowdry.

There are two types of intranuclear Cowdry bodies:

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