Lesson 1

Natural, Synthetic, Blended and Mixed Fibres.
Learn about natural and

manufactured fibres
This will enable you to understand

the reasoning behind fabric
choices.
Key theory that will be covered in

upport your GCSE exam.
This lesson you will look at:
Natural Manufactured
Fibres Fibres
Fibre Mixed
Blends Fibres
Fabrics are manufactured from various raw-materials which are available
from nature or artificially generated or mix of both.
Natural Manufactured
Fibres Fibre
Manufactured are man-made fibres that
Natural fibres are either are either completely made from non-
from plants or animals that organic (not living) materials or natural
appear in nature. materials combined with chemicals.
Regenerated fibres
Synthetic fibres
from tree’s but changed
derived from coal or oil
through chemicals.
Aramid fibres Usually manufactured
Aramid fibres are a class of heat-resistant and strong by spinning in a
synthetic fibres. They are used in aerospace and military applications chemical solution, know
(Kevlar and Nomex are examples) as wet spinning.
Properties
• Strong
• Heat
resistant
• Abrasion
resistant.
Properties of Materials: Can you match the
properties to their
Key Words
definition?
Strength A material that soaks up liquid or moisture.
It is hydrophobic (a material that is completely resistant to

Elasticity water.
Strength of Materials: the behaviour of materials when forces
Absorbency are applied to them (pulled, tension, stress).
Durability How long lasting and hard wearing a material is.
Insulation A material that does not build-up of static electricity.
Flammability The prevention or reduction of losing heat.
How much a material can stretch and then return to its original
Water – repellence position.
How well a material can stop or prevent reacting to something
Anti-static E.g.. Bleach, sunlight, chemical…..
Resistance to… Materials ability to ignite and burns rapidly with a flame.
Properties of Materials: Can you match the
properties to their
Key Words
definition?
Strength A material that soaks up liquid or moisture.
It is hydrophobic (a material that is completely resistant to

Elasticity water.
Strength of Materials: the behaviour of materials when forces
Absorbency are applied to them (pulled, tension, stress).
Durability How long lasting and hard wearing a material is.
Insulation A material that does not build-up of static electricity.
Flammability The prevention or reduction of losing heat.
How much a material can stretch and then return to its original
Water – repellence position.
How well a material can stop or prevent reacting to something
Anti-static E.g.. Bleach, sunlight, chemical…..
Resistance to… Materials ability to ignite and burns rapidly with a flame.
Natural Fibres
Properties
Plant Animal
• These fibres come from renewable source.
• They are also biodegradable (Something that will decay (break down) over
time)
• Generally absorbent
• Poor resistance to chemical damage.
• Durable – especially animal fibres

Manufactured Fibre
• Less absorbent than natural fibres.
• Wrinkle less than plant fibres
• Easier to care for than natural fibres (ie wash/clean)
• Resistant to moths/insects
• Durable
Microfibre
Microfibre:
These are really thin
fibres.
They are less than 1
denier thick (60x finer than
one human hair)
Denier :
The unit of weight for
determining the fineness
or thickness of the
Microfibres have a smooth round fabric. The lower the
shape. This creates less friction and value the more fragile
tension and leads to soft fabrics. and sheer the fabric.
(Tactel & tencel are examples)
What do we mean by these terms?
Blends Mixed
The combining of 2 or more This is when a fabric is made
different fibres together to from two or more different
make a yarn. types of yarn.
Usually combining a natural The two different yarns can be

fibre with a synthetic fibre. knitted or woven together to
make a fabric.
why they are blended
Improve Improve Improve Reduce cost
appearance Performance comfort
Common fibres blends

.
•Polyester/cotton blend: shirts are more easy-care and crease-
resistant than shirts made from 100 percent cotton.
•Cotton/lycra blend: jeans are more comfortable, stretchy and

fit better than cotton jeans.
•Acrylic/wool blend: trousers are less expensive than 100

percent wool trousers.
You have been given a fibre card, with a list of
what the fibre is commonly used for and some
properties of that fibre.
Read through your card and write why you think

that particular fibre is suitable for one of the
I
products stated.
Example ………..
Wool is suitable for a winter hat as it is
insulating and will prevent heat from escaping
from the wearers head. It is also soft so
will feel nice and be comfortable for the
wearer.

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Natural, Synthetic, Blended and Mixed Fibres.

Learn about natural and

This will enable you to understand

Key theory that will be covered in

Strength A material that soaks up liquid or moisture.

It is hydrophobic (a material that is completely resistant to

Durability How long lasting and hard wearing a material is.

Insulation A material that does not build-up of static electricity.

Flammability The prevention or reduction of losing heat.

Strength A material that soaks up liquid or moisture.

It is hydrophobic (a material that is completely resistant to

Durability How long lasting and hard wearing a material is.

Insulation A material that does not build-up of static electricity.

Flammability The prevention or reduction of losing heat.

• Poor resistance to chemical damage.

• Durable – especially animal fibres

• Less absorbent than natural fibres.

• Wrinkle less than plant fibres

• Easier to care for than natural fibres (ie wash/clean)

Usually combining a natural The two different yarns can be

Common fibres blends

•Cotton/lycra blend: jeans are more comfortable, stretchy and

•Acrylic/wool blend: trousers are less expensive than 100

Read through your card and write why you think

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