Lesson 1 Parts of Speech

Parts of Speech
Lesson 1
Learning Outcome
• At the end of the session, the students are
expected to:
• Recognize the function of words as parts of
speech in written texts.
Nouns
• A noun is used to name something: a Common nouns,
Remember:
person, a place, an object, or an idea. general things,

which refer to
begin with a
lower-case letter.
Proper nouns,
ris Ge which name
a org someone or
P Clo e
freedom o ne something
y specific, begin
with a capital
letter.
keyboard
Snapple
Nouns
• A singular noun names one person, place, object,
or idea.
– Hat, boutique, country, and flower are all singular
nouns.
• A plural noun refers to more than one noun. Most
singular nouns can be made plural by adding an
–s, but sometimes plurals are irregular. You can
find the plural form of a noun in the dictionary.
– Hats, boutiques, countries, and flowers are all plural
nouns.
Pronouns
• A pronoun replaces a noun in a sentence. They eliminate
the need for constant repetition.
• There are many types of pronouns, including personal
pronouns, which can act as subjects, objects, or
possessives.
singular I me my mine you your yours he him his she her hers its
plural we us our ours you your yours the them their theirs
y
Pronouns
• Relative pronouns refer to someone or something already
mentioned in a sentence.
who whose whom which that
• Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions.
who whose whom which what

Pronouns
• Demonstrative pronouns are used to point out particular
persons or things.
this that these those
them this that these those

here there here there
…they are not proper
demonstrative pronouns
Pronouns
• Reflexive pronouns ends in –self or –selves and can be the
object of either a verb or a preposition.
singular myself yourself himself herself itself
plural ourselves yourselves themselves

• Indefinite pronouns do not refer to a particular person or thing.
each either everyone nothing both
several all any most none
• Reciprocal pronouns express shared actions or feelings.
each other one another Wow! That’s a

lot of pronouns!
Verbs
• Action verbs tell what is being done in a
sentence.
– Jennifer purchased a cashmere sweater.
• Linking verbs join a noun to something that
is said about it.
– The group became very frustrated.
• When a verb contains more than one word,
the main verb is joined by a helping verb.
– Mr. Johnson will be turning 65 this year.
Prepositions
• A preposition connects a noun or a pronoun
to another word in a sentence.
– The book was under Jeffrey’s jacket
• A list of common prepositions:
about, above, across, after, among, around, at,
before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between,
by, down, during, except, for, from, in, into, like,
of, off, on, over, since, through, to, toward,
under, up, with, and without.
Adjectives
• An adjective is used to describe a noun.
– The crowded street was bustling with tourists.
– The old man saw a beautiful woman in a green
dress.
– A passerby looked lost and hungry.
Remember: An
adjective can come
before a word it
describes or after a
linking verb.
Adverbs
• An adverb describes a verb, an adjective, or
another adverb. They usually end in –ly.
Adverbs add detail to a sentence.
– Henry entered the mall gleefully.
– Suzanne quickly scanned the pages of her
forgotten homework.
– The dog stared at the pie hungrily.
Coordinating Conjunctions
• Coordinating conjunctions join two equal ideas.
and so nor yet
but or for
– Neither David nor Michael knew the answer.

– The teacher wanted to quiet the class, but they kept
talking.
– She was frustrated, so she turned off the lights to get
their attention.
Subordinating Conjunctions
• When a subordinating conjunction is added to a
word group, the group can no longer be an
independent thought.
• Common subordinating conjunctions include:
after, although, as, because, before, even if, even
though, if, since, though, unless, until, when,
whenever, where, wherever, whether, while.
– We can’t go to the mall if you can’t borrow a car.
– When Toby went to the kitchen, he forgot to take his
dishes.
– Our mother was stern because we left a mess.
Interjections
• An interjection is a word that can stand
independently and is used to express emotion.
Wow!
Oh!
Hey!
Whoops!
Ouch!
A Final Note
• Just remember that
words may function as
more than one part of
speech.
• Take the word “sun”
for example.
– She saw the sun in the
sky. (“Sun” is a noun.)
– She suns herself on the
porch. (“Sun” is a
verb.)
Activity 1: Identify the function of the underlined
words as part of speech.
• 1. The modern Olympic Games began in 1896. ___
• 2. Athletes from all over the world travelled to Greece. ______
• 3. The Philippines has been trying its luck in the SEA Games since
1977.
• 4. However, compared to the Olympics and the Asiad, going to the
SEA Games is like going to a party for the Philippine contingent.
• 5. The last time the Filipinos celebrated a native warrior in the
Olympics was through a boxer who almost captured a gold medal.
• 6. What Onyok Velasco won in the Atlanta Olympics was only a
sliver medal in flyweight boxing.
• 7. He was, nevertheless, accorded a grand hero’s welcome.
• 8. He also received all sorts of rewards and incentives.
• 9. Sports, just like Hollywood, needs heroes.
• 10. Philippine sports was in dire need of heroes.
Activity 2: Recognize the underlined word or group of words in
the texts according to its kind as part of speech and function.
• People acclaim Nicholas Sparts as a romantic author and

novelist at heart. He authored 15 books with more than 50
million copies of his masterpieces printed in different
countries. Five of his international best-selling novels were
adopted as film: The Notebook, Message in the Bottle, A walk
to Remember, The Last Song, and the Night in Rodanthe.
• His works ignite romance that captures Hollywood and his
readers. The idyllic instances in his novels were remarkably
translated on screen. This made him a celebrated novelist
and screenplay writer. He pens fanciful love letters with the
idiosyncratic outlook of an uncelebrated soldier. He plays
on this youthful experiences captured in scenes of his
novels. Even the simplest angst of his dog is celebrated in
his work.

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Parts of Speech

person, a place, an object, or an idea. general things,

who whose whom which that

• Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions.

who whose whom which what

them this that these those

plural ourselves yourselves themselves

several all any most none

• Reciprocal pronouns express shared actions or feelings.

each other one another Wow! That’s a

– Neither David nor Michael knew the answer.

• People acclaim Nicholas Sparts as a romantic author and

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