Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 24 views

    Cystitis

    Uploaded by

    CHRISTIAN RAY ALPAS PASILIAO
    Cystitis is an infection of the urinary bladder that is usually caused by bacteria entering the bladder from the gastrointestinal or vaginal tracts. Common symptoms include painful or burning urination, increased urinary frequency, and urinary urgency. Diagnosis is usually made by urinalysis showing signs of infection like white blood cells or bacteria. Treatment involves antibiotics like nitrofurantoin or TMP-SMX to kill the bacteria causing the infection. Nursing care focuses on completing the antibiotic course, drinking plenty of fluids, and providing comfort measures like warm baths.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Cystitis

    Uploaded by

    CHRISTIAN RAY ALPAS PASILIAO
    24 views13 pages
    Cystitis is an infection of the urinary bladder that is usually caused by bacteria entering the bladder from the gastrointestinal or vaginal tracts. Common symptoms include painful or burning urination, increased urinary frequency, and urinary urgency. Diagnosis is usually made by urinalysis showing signs of infection like white blood cells or bacteria. Treatment involves antibiotics like nitrofurantoin or TMP-SMX to kill the bacteria causing the infection. Nursing care focuses on completing the antibiotic course, drinking plenty of fluids, and providing comfort measures like warm baths.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Cystitis is an infection of the urinary bladder that is usually caused by bacteria entering the bladder from the gastrointestinal or vaginal tracts. Common symptoms include painful or burning urination, increased urinary frequency, and urinary urgency. Diagnosis is usually made by urinalysis showing signs of infection like white blood cells or bacteria. Treatment involves antibiotics like nitrofurantoin or TMP-SMX to kill the bacteria causing the infection. Nursing care focuses on completing the antibiotic course, drinking plenty of fluids, and providing comfort measures like warm baths.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    24 views13 pages

    Cystitis

    Uploaded by

    CHRISTIAN RAY ALPAS PASILIAO
    Cystitis is an infection of the urinary bladder that is usually caused by bacteria entering the bladder from the gastrointestinal or vaginal tracts. Common symptoms include painful or burning urination, increased urinary frequency, and urinary urgency. Diagnosis is usually made by urinalysis showing signs of infection like white blood cells or bacteria. Treatment involves antibiotics like nitrofurantoin or TMP-SMX to kill the bacteria causing the infection. Nursing care focuses on completing the antibiotic course, drinking plenty of fluids, and providing comfort measures like warm baths.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 13

    NOV.

    15, 2022

    Cystitis

    BONIFACIO &
    RAYCO - N31
    DEFINITION
    Cystitis is an infection of the lower urinary system, more
    especially the urinary bladder. It may be broadly categorized
    as either uncomplicated or complicated.

    a lower urinary tract


    infection (UTI) in
    either men or non-
    pregnant women who
    are otherwise healthy. connected with risk
    factors that worsen
    the severity of the
    infection or the
    possibility of
    antibiotic therapy
    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
    Cystitis is often caused by bacteria from the fecal or vaginal
    flora colonizing the periurethral mucosa and ascending to the
    urinary bladder. Uropathogens may have microbial virulence
    factors that allow them to bypass host defenses and enter
    urinary tract tissues.
    Escherichia coli is the most commonly identified bacterium
    causing cystitis (75% to 95% of cases). Klebsiella pneumoniae
    and Proteus mirabilis are two more pathogens that cause
    cystitis. (After E. coli, Klebsiella is the most prevalent cause
    of UTIs.)
    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
    INFLAMMATION
    ENTRY.
    After the bacterium
    Bacteria must obtain
    has avoided the
    access to the bladder
    body's defense
    in order for infection
    mechanisms,
    to develop.
    ATTACHMENT inflammation begins.
    The bacteria then
    must attach to and
    colonize the EVASION
    epithelium of the The bacteria avoid
    urinary tract to avoid detection by the host's
    being washed out defensive
    with voiding. mechanisms.
    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
    SIGNS and SYMPTOMS

    SUPRAPUBIC
    PAIN

    BURNING

    FREQUENCY

    NOCTURIA

    DYSURIA

    URETHRAL
    DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES

    DIPSTICK ULTRASONOGR
    URINALYSIS APHY

    URINE
    CT SCAN
    CULTURE

    CELLULAR LEUKOCYTE
    STUDIES ESTERASE TEST.
    SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
    Doctors rarely use surgery to treat cystitis. However, in terms of having interstitial cystitis, when other
    treatments have failed to provide adequate relief, doctors may recommend surgery.

    • Fulguration - This minimally invasive method involves insertion of instruments through the urethra
    to burn off ulcers that may be present with interstitial cystitis.

    • Resection - This is another minimally invasive method that involves insertion of instruments
    through the urethra to cut around any ulcers.

    • Bladder Augmentation - In this procedure, a surgeon increases the capacity of your bladder by
    putting a patch of intestine on the bladder.
    PHARMACOLOGICAL
    MANAGEMENT
    Patients who are at low risk for resistant etiologic organisms are treated with one of
    the first-line or preferred antimicrobial agents, which include:

    • Nitrofurantoin

    • Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMX-TMP)

    • Fosfomycin

    • Pivemecillenam
    NURSING INTERVENTIONS
    • Explain the nature and purpose of the antibiotic therapy and emphasize the importance of
    completing the prescribed course of therapy or, with long-term prophylaxis adhering strictly
    to the ordered dosage.
    • Urge the patient to drink plenty of water (at least eight glasses a day) and stress the need to
    maintain a consistent fluid intake of 2L/day.
    • Watch for GI disturbances from antimicrobial therapy, and administer nitrofurantoin crystals
    with milk or a meal to prevent such distress.
    • Encourage client to void frequently.
    • Suggest a warm sitz bath for relief of perineal discomfort, or apply heat sparingly to the
    perineum but be careful not to burn the patient.
    • Teach the client to clean the perineum properly.
    CASE STUDY
    Patient Presentation
    A 27-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician with a report of urinating more frequently and pain
    with urination. She denies blood in her urine, fevers, chills, flank pain, and vaginal discharge. She reports having
    experienced similar symptoms a few years ago and that they went away after a course of antibiotics. The patient has
    no other past medical problems. Pertinent history reveals she has been sexually active with her boyfriend for the
    past 4 months and uses condoms for contraception. She reports 2 lifetime partners and no past pregnancies or
    sexually transmitted diseases. Her last menstrual period was 1 week ago. A dipstick urinalysis has been ordered to
    the patient and laboratory results were as follows: Macroscopic: urine midstream, clean catch. Yellow, cloudy, large
    leukocytes, positive nitrites, urine pH= 8, urine hemoglobin, protein, glucose, ketones, and bilirubin negative,
    specific gravity = 1.012
    Microscopic: WBCs >100, RBCs ), squamous epithelial cells 0, few WBC clumps
    On physical exam, the patient is afebrile, normotensive, and non-tachycardic. She appears well on observation. She
    has a soft, nondistended abdomen with normoactive bowel sounds. On palpation, she has moderate discomfort in
    her suprapubic region but no costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness. A pelvic exam is normal with no evidence of
    abnormal vaginal or cervical discharge or inflammation.
    REFERENCES
    • Li R, Leslie SW. Cystitis. [Updated 2022 Jun 15]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls
    Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482435/
    • Pruthi, S., et al. (2021). Interstitial Cystitis. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved from
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/interstitial-cystitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354362
    • Belleza, M. (2021). Cystitis. Nurselabs. Retrieved from
    https://nurseslabs.com/cystitis/#nursing_interventions

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy