Bite your nails

Borrowing things and not

returning Littering on the street
Which behavior bothers or
Talking loudly bugs you? Why?
on the phone • It bothers
BEHAVIORS
me THAT
when people…
BOTHER ORor IRRITATE
Talking at the movies Eating with your mouth
• It bugsPEOPLE
me when people… open

Spitting on the street

Going late to a date
Which habits do you often do
or someone in your family
does? Why?
 What do you think about…

giving a guest the

best seat at the answering the showing good
table? phone in a moment
like this? manners at the
table?
I think that giving a guest the best seat at the table is
considerate because you make this person feel important.

receiving a small cheating on an

chewing gum
going late to gift for your exam?
loudly?
a date? birthday?
 What do you think about…
giving a guest the best
seat at the table? answering the phone
in a moment like this? showing good
manners at the table?

arriving late to a receiving a small gift

chewing gum loudly? for your birthday?
meeting?
Have you ever visited a museum? If so,
when was it? And where?

What is considered appropriate or

inappropriate behavior in a museum?
It’s inappropriate to touch works of art.

It’s appropriate to stay with your group.

 Can you add one more rule?
It’s inappropriate to...
It’s appropriate to ...

It’s impolite to ...

It’s irresponsible to ...

It’s considerate to ...

 LINKING THE SAME SOUNDS
• When two consonants are the same at the end of a word
and at the beginning of another word, you should join
both words and pronounce them as a single word.
Feel‿like: /fil/ + /laɪk/ [filaɪk]
• I feel‿like having pizza after class.
Phone‿number: /foʊn/+ /ˈnʌmbər/ [foʊnʌmbər]
• Could I get your phone‿number?
With‿therapy:/wɪθ/ + /ˈθɛrəpi/ [wɪθɛrəpi]
• She'll improve with‿therapy.
• Read Mari’s story again for a few seconds.
• Close your books.
• Tell your partner a part of Mari’s story and
let your partner continue until you are
finished.
• Try link the same sounds
What should or shouldn’t do in order
to be polite and show good manners?

Why are people going to Ahmed’s house?

What custom is Inez unsure about?
5
Gerunds as subject
Adjective + verb
 WHAT ARE GERUNDS?
Gerunds are walking
nouns formed talking thinking
from
verbs/adjectives eating

“ing”
Gerunds are the…………form of a verb..

kissing Bella is exciting for Edward.

Be Careful!
Don’t confuse gerunds with the present progressive
verb form.

present progressive
I am working now.
Verb to be gerund

Working is an important responsibility.

subject
 WHAT ARE INFINITIVES?
Infinitives are to walk
to + base
form of to talk to think
verb
the . to eat

exciting to
For Edward, It’s exciting to kiss
kiss Bella.

Adjective Infinitive
 IT + BE + ADJECTIVE + INFINITIVE

It is irresponsible to be late
J for classes
They
have the
same
meaning
Being late
J for classes is irresponsible.

GERUND AS SUBJECT
GERUND AS SUBJECT

Leaving without
J thanking your host is rude
They
have the
same
meaning
It’s rude to leave without
J thanking your host.

IT + BE + ADJECTIVE + INFINITIVE
Practice Change the sentences to gerund or infinitive.
Example: _______is
Dancing to dance
very exciting. It is exciting _______.

1.Giving alcohol to kids

It’s irresponsible is irresponsible.
to give alcohol to kids .
2. It’s
Cheating on an exam
inappropriate is inappropriate.
to cheat on an exam.
3. It’s
Asking a girl to
impolite her age
ask is impolite.
a girl her age.
4. It’s considerate
Explaining to were
why you explain why you
absent wereisabsent
in class in class.
considerate.
5. Interrupting people isn’t nice.
It’s not nice to interrupt people.
6. Not talking to strangers is appropriate.
It’s appropriate not to talk to strangers.
 Have you ever traveled internationally?
Where did you go?
How was the experience?
If not, where would you like to travel? Why?
 Have you ever met and talked to someone from another
country? How did you feel?
• Yes, Have
I haveyou
met andmet
ever talked
and to someone
talked from…and I felt…
to someone
• No, I haven’t, but I would
from another like to because…
country?
• No, I haven’t and I wouldn’t like to because…
 CULTURAL DIFFERENCES
How much do you know?

1. Greetings are very formal and ritualized.

2. Remove your shoes before entering a house.
3. Driving on the right side of the car is common.
4. Gifts are not opened when received.Japan
5. Being on time or no more than 5 minutes is OK.
6. A handshake is very common.
7. Wait to be told where to sit.
8. Gifts are opened when received.
9. Do not rest your elbows on the table
10. They value punctuality.
 CULTURAL DIFFERENCES

1. Greetings are very formal and ritualized.

2. They value punctuality.
3. Driving on the right side of the car is common.
4. Gifts are not opened when received.Japan
5. Gifts are opened when received.
6. A handshake is very common.
7. Wait to be told where to sit.
Which
8. country
Being on time orwould youthan
no more like5 minutes
to go? Why?
is OK.
9. Do not rest Why not the
your elbows on other?
the table
10. Remove your shoes before entering a house.
 Jet lag Eating habits

Language barrier Body language

studies
work
sports
family Personal space
money Facial
hobbies expressions
news
love Eye contact
Small talk
 Traveling to another country
How can you avoid a bad case of jet lag?
• I can avoid a bad case of jet lag by changing your watch to the
time of your destination.
What’s one tip to break through (pass an obstacle)the
language barrier?
• One tip to break through the language barrier is to make small talk
 What should we do when we are making a conversation with
others?
• We should respect other’s personal space.
Why is it important to learn body language?
• It’s important because eye contact can be inappropriate in some
cultures and facial expressions can have different meanings.
• The best way to avoid jet lag is to...stay hydrated.
• You can overcome (break through) a language barrier by…
• When I make small talk, I usually talk about…
• My eating habits are to eat…
 How can you overcome a
language barrier? How can you avoid jet lag?

What do you talk about when

you make small talk? What are your eating habits?
5 Future Time
Clauses
 Future Dreams

What tense is the first verb in?

What tense is the second verb in?

I’m going to be an astronaut when I grow up.

Future Dreams
What tense is the first verb in?

What tense is the second verb in?

Before we have a baby,

we’ll buy a bigger house.
 Future Dreams

What tense is the first verb in?

What tense is the second verb in?

After we retire, we’re going to travel.

 Form
A sentence about future time has two
clauses: a main clause and a time clause.

I’m going to be an astronaut when I grow up.

Main Clause Time Clause

When I grow up, I’m going to be an astronaut

Time Clause Main Clause

As soon as I finish my homework, I’ll watch TV.
In this type of sentence . . .
oPut the verb in _________ tense after the time word: as
soon as, when, once, after, before, etc.

oPut the other verb in the _________ tense

oWhich clause gives the time?

oWhich clause is the main clause?

Clause Order
Time clauses can come at the beginning or end
of sentences.

I’m going to be an astronaut when I grow up.

Time Clause

Before we have a baby, we’ll buy a bigger house.

Time Clause
Use a comma only when the time clause
begins the sentence.
Time Expressions
When
After
As soon as Introduce the first event
Once

When they save money, they’ll buy a new car.

now
past future
Time Expressions

before Introduce the second event

Before he gets married, he’ll find a good job.

now
future
past
Be Careful!
•Don’t use will or be going to in the future time clause.

will
X save
When I save enough money,
enough I’m going
money, to to
I’m going
buy a car.
 Put the verbs in the correct tense.
Practice Add commas where necessary.
Example: After he (graduate) ___ he (go) ___ to law school.
After he graduates, he’ll go to law school.
1. They (own) __ a house when they (be) ___ married.
They will own a house when they are married.
2. She (start) __ to work after she (get) ___ more experience.
She won’t start to work after she gets more experience.
3. As soon as he (become) __ manager he (take) __ a vacation.
As soon as he becomes manager, he’s going to take a vacation.
Combine the sentences using the time word provided.
Example: A. The children will go to college.
B. She will go back to school. [as soon as]
As soon as the children go to college, she’ll go back to school.
1. A. You will finish your exams.
B. We will celebrate. [once]
We will celebrate once you finish your exams.
2. A. My brother will buy a new suit.
B. He will go on an interview. [before]
My brother will buy a new suit before he goes on an interview.
3. A. She will pass the driving test.
B. She will borrow the family car. [after]
After she passes the driving test, she will borrow the family car.
 Learn other Have a family
languages
Study or work in another country
Live on farm next
Travel around the world Travel to another Finish
Find another job touniversity
a lake
Buy a house country

WHAT ARE YOUR FUTURE PLANS?

Get married
Have a family Buy a car

Help and cure people

Now In 5 In 10 In another In 20
Study15
years years language years
years
Have a good career Get a job
Learn to play an instrument
 Learn other languages Live on farm next to a
lake
Find another job
Travel to another country Have a family

In 5 In 10 In 15 In 20
Now
years years years years
A: As soon as I find another job, I will save more money in the bank.
B: Really? And what will you buy when you have a lot of money?
A: When I have enough money, I will use some of it to buy an
apartment. What about your plans?
B: After I graduate from colleague, my mother and I will open a
business in Huancavelica.
A: Why do you want to open a business there?
B: Well, …
 Study or work in another
Travel around the world country

WHAT’S YOUR MAJOR GOAL OR

Get married
Have a family OBJECTIVE
Teach abroad IN LIFE?
Find true love
Help and cure people

Be in shape

Be a pro soccer player

Learn to play an instrument Have a good career
 WRITING 2
• You are in the last year of your university studies, your professor has
asked you write a short composition about your major goal in your
life and he/she will upload it on the university website so that
freshmen can read it and be inspired to follow their dreams, too.
• Identify your goal, the benefits of doing it, and how you are going to
reach it.
• Use future time clauses.
Your major goal Teach abroad
Benefits of achieving Experience a different culture
your goal Expand my horizons and grow as a person
Have international work experience
How will youWHAT’S
reach YOUR
Save MAJOR GOAL OR
money
your goal? OBJECTIVE INcourse
Take a TESOL LIFE?
Take international exams
Get visa and passport
 TEACHING ABROAD
One of my major goals has always been to teach abroad, so I am
going to work very hard to make my dream come true.
Achieving this goal can have some benefits, for example, I will
experience a different culture. That will help me expand my horizons and
grow as a professional and as a person. Once I have a job there, I am also
going to gain international work experience; as a result, I will have a
better reputation as a teacher.
This is how I will reach my goal. Before I travel, I will need to save
some money, so I will have to find another job as a teacher. I am going to
take a TESOL course when I have enough money. It’s pretty expensive,
but I will take that chance. Then, I will have to take international exams
like the TOEFL; therefore, as soon as I pass this exam, I am going to get
my visa and passport. After I do all these things, I will be ready to leave
and start a new chapter in my life.