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    Basic First Aid

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    kat dizon
    Here are 4 bandage techniques demonstrated in under 2 minutes: 1. Head bandage - triangular bandage folded into a narrow strip is wrapped around the head like a turban. 2. Arm sling - triangular bandage folded into a broad strip is placed under the arm, across the back and tied in front in a simple knot. 3. Finger splint - triangular bandage is folded lengthwise and wrapped around the finger like a ring then secured with a knot. 4. Ankle wrap - triangular bandage is folded into a broad strip and wrapped around the ankle several times then secured with a knot.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Basic First Aid

    Uploaded by

    kat dizon
    12 views53 pages
    Here are 4 bandage techniques demonstrated in under 2 minutes: 1. Head bandage - triangular bandage folded into a narrow strip is wrapped around the head like a turban. 2. Arm sling - triangular bandage folded into a broad strip is placed under the arm, across the back and tied in front in a simple knot. 3. Finger splint - triangular bandage is folded lengthwise and wrapped around the finger like a ring then secured with a knot. 4. Ankle wrap - triangular bandage is folded into a broad strip and wrapped around the ankle several times then secured with a knot.

    Original Description:

    first aid

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    Here are 4 bandage techniques demonstrated in under 2 minutes: 1. Head bandage - triangular bandage folded into a narrow strip is wrapped around the head like a turban. 2. Arm sling - triangular bandage folded into a broad strip is placed under the arm, across the back and tied in front in a simple knot. 3. Finger splint - triangular bandage is folded lengthwise and wrapped around the finger like a ring then secured with a knot. 4. Ankle wrap - triangular bandage is folded into a broad strip and wrapped around the ankle several times then secured with a knot.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    12 views53 pages

    Basic First Aid

    Uploaded by

    kat dizon
    Here are 4 bandage techniques demonstrated in under 2 minutes: 1. Head bandage - triangular bandage folded into a narrow strip is wrapped around the head like a turban. 2. Arm sling - triangular bandage folded into a broad strip is placed under the arm, across the back and tied in front in a simple knot. 3. Finger splint - triangular bandage is folded lengthwise and wrapped around the finger like a ring then secured with a knot. 4. Ankle wrap - triangular bandage is folded into a broad strip and wrapped around the ankle several times then secured with a knot.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 53

    First Aid and Basic Life Support

    Is an immediate care given to a person


    who has been injured or suddenly
    taken ill. It includes self-help and home
    care if medical assistance is not
    available or delayed
    SCOPE and LIMITATION
    First Aid does not imply
    medical treatment and is by no
    means a replacement for it.

    FIRST AID
    • AN EMERGENCY PROCEDURE THAT
    CONSISTS OF RECOGNIZING
    RESPIRATORY OR CADIAC ARREST OR
    BOTH WITH PROPER APPLICATION OF CPR
    TO MAINTAIN LIFE UNTIL A VICTIM
    RECOVERS OR ADVANCED LIFE SUPPORT
    IS AVAILABLE. 

    BASIC LIFE SUPPORT 


    1.Bridge that fills the gap between the victim and the physician.
    • It is not intended to compete or take the place of medical experts /
    Physician/doctors.
    • It ends when medical assistance begins.
    2. Ensure safety and that of bystanders.
    3. Gain access to the victim.
    4. Determine any threats to patient’s life.
    5. Summon advanced medical care as needed.
    6. Provide needed care for the patient.
    7. Assist advanced personnel.
    8. Record all findings and care given to the patient.

    Roles and Responsibilities of a First Aider


    • To alleviate suffering – (reduce, ease pain)
    • To prevent /add injury / complications
    • To prolong life
    • Seek immediate medical help

    OBJECTIVES OF FIRST AID


    • Consent
    • Duty to Act
    • Standard of Care – qualify importance of care
    given
    • Negligence “ of care”
    • Abandonment
    • Confidentiality
    Note: “Abandonment of person in danger and or
    abandonment of one’s own victim” is a serious
    offense.
    Legal Concerns to consider
    • Gentle –Should not cause pain (TLC)
    • Resourceful-should make the best use of things at hand
    • Observant- should notice all things, area / people
    • Tactful- should not alarm the victim
    • Emphatic- should be comforting
    • Respectable- should maintain a professional and caring
    attitude.

    CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD FIRST AIDER


    • Unfavorable
    surroundings
    • The presence of
    crowds
    • Presence from victim
    or relatives

    HINDRANCES IN GIVING FIRST AID


    • SCENE SIZE – UP
    1. SCENE SAFETY 
    2. KNOWING WHAT HAPPENED (CAUSE OF
    INJURY AND NATURE OF INJURY 
    3. ROLE  OF BYSTANDERS
    4. NUMBER OF CASUALTIES
    5. ASKING PERMISSION OR CONSENT 

    EMERGENCY ACTION
    PRINCIPLES
    1. IDENTIFY YOURSELF TO THE VICTIM (IF
    CONSCIOUS)
    2. STATE YOUR LEVEL OF TRAINING
    3. ASK THE VICTIM WHETHER YOU MAY HELP
    4. EXPLAIN WHAT YOU OBSERVE 
    5. EXPLAIN WHAT YOU PLAN TO DO

    HOW TO OBTAIN CONSENT? 


    • PRIMARY ASSESSMENT 
    1. ASSESSING RESPONSIVENESS- done
    with the victim in the position in which you
    find him/her 
    A- Alert
    V- Responsive to voice
    P – Responsive to Pain
    U – Unresponsive / Unconscious 
    ABC – AIRWAY, BREATHING ,
    CIRCULATION 
    • ACTIVATE MEDICAL HELP
    1. CALL FIRST OR CARE FIRST
               IF YOU ARE ALONE IT IS IMPORTANT TO
    KNOW WHEN TO CALL DURING EMERGENCIES
    CALL FIRST – SITUATIONS TO BE
    OF CARDIAC EMERGENCIES
    WHERE TIME IS CRITICAL 
    CARE FIRST – CONDITIONS
    RELATED TO BREATHING
    EMERGENCIES 
    • SECONDARY ASSESSMENT 
    AFTER ASSESSMENT AND NOT IN LIFE THREATENING
    CONDITION, YOU CAN BEGIN TO CHECK FOR OTHER
    CONDITIONS THAT MAY NEED CARE 
    1. INTERVIEWING THE PERSON AND BYSTANDERS
    2. CHECKING THE PERSON FROM HEAD TO TOE
    3. CHECKING FOR VITAL SIGNS 
    COMMON TRANSMITTABLE DISEASES
    • Herpes
    • Tuberculosis
    • Hepatitis
    • HIV / AIDS TRANSMISSION WAYS:
    • Direct Contact
    • COVID-19 • Indirect Contact
    • Airborne transmission
    • Bites

    Prevention and Protections


    1. Universal precaution
    2. Body Substance Isolation –
    body secretions
    3. PPE

    Health Concerns (Hazard and Risks)


    •VITAL SIGNS
    “Cardinal signs”

    Pulse and Respiration 


    VITAL SIGNS TECHNIQUES
     VITAL SIGNS – The four VITAL SIGNS OR CARDINAL SIGNS are:

    1. BODY TEMPERATURE
    2. PULSE
    3. RESPIRATION
    4. BLOOD PRESSURE
    5. RECENTLY DUE TO COVID-19….OXYGEN SATURATION
    ASSESSMENT
    ASSESSING BODY TEMPERATURE

    BODY TEMPERATURE
     Is the balance between the heat produced by the body and the heat lost from the
    body.
     The average body temperature of an adult is between 36.7 ‘C (98’F) to 37.0’C
    (98.6’F)
     There are a number of body sites for measuring body temperature: oral, rectal,
    axillary and tymphanic
     RECENTLY, using non-contact thermometer
    ASSESSING PULSE RATE

    PULSE
    The term used to describe the rate ,
    rhythm and volume of the heartbeat
    The rate of the pulse is expressed in
    beats per minute (bpm)
    Normal range: 60 to 100 bpm
    REASONS FOR USING SPECIFIC PULSE SITES

     RADIAL – Readily accessible


     TEMPORAL – used when radial pulse is non-palpable
     CAROTID – used for infants, cases of cardiac arrest
     APICAL – routinely used for infants and children up to 3 years old
     BRACHIAL – Used to measure blood pressure
     FEMORAL – for cases of cardiac arrest
     POPLITEAL – used to determine circulation of the lower leg
     POSTERIOR TIBIAL – used to determine circulation of the foot
     PEDAL used to determine circulation of the foot
    BASIC LIFE SUPPORT
    • An emergency procedure that consists of recognizing
    respiratory or cardiac arrest or both.
    • Proper application of CPR to maintain life until a victim
    recovers or advanced life support is available

    Elements of BLS
    When approaching a casualty; this initial
    assessment is called a primary survey.
     Airway maintenance and breathing
    Circulation (A,B,C)
    Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR).

    Basic Life Support (BLS)


    Help! Emergency!
    •Every Minute COUNTs
    •It could
    make a difference if attended
    at once
    •Consider….
    Back blows & Abdominal
    /Chest Thrust – 5x cycle
    • Ask a person to speak
    or cough
    • Deliver 5 back blows
    • Perform abdominal thrusts
    • Repeat sequence of back
    blows and abdominal
    thrusts
    FAINTING- partial or complete loss of consciousness resulting from a temporary reduction of blood flow to the brain

    • Position victim on his back


    • Check for breathing
    • Loosen restrictive clothing's
    • Call Hotline numbers if
    more than
    a few minutes
    • If conscious, lay the victim
    down with feet elevated
    (SHOCK POSITION)
    • Do not give anything by
    mouth
    Signs / symptoms SHOCK
    • Restlessness or irritability
    • Altered level of consciousness
    • Pale, moist skin
    • Rapid breathing
    • Rapid and weak pulse Excessive thirst
    First Aid Management:
    1. Make the person lie down
    2. Control any external bleeding
    3. Legs maybe raised 6 to 12 inches “SHOCK
    POSITION”
    4. Maintain normal body temperature
    5. DO NOT give anything by mouth
    6. Reassurance
    Causes of fainting
    • An emotionally stressful event
    • Pain
    • Specific medical conditions such as heart
    disease
    • Standing for long period of time or
    overexertion
    Signs and Symptoms
    • Dizziness
    • Signs of shock, such as pale, moist
    skin
    • Nausea
    • Numbness in fingers and toes
    First aid management

    • Position the victim on her back


    • Loosen any restrictive clothing
    • Check and Assess for deformity, wound,
    blood etc
    • NPO nothing per orem
    • Are injury to the skin and to other body tissues that is
    cause by: HEAT, CHEMICALS, ELECTRICITY or
    RADIATIONS.
    First Aid Management:
    THERMAL BURNS
    1. Check for safety
    2. Stop burning by removing the victim for the
    source
    3. Check for life threatening conditions
    4. Cool the burn with large amounts of cold or
    running water
    5. Cover the burn loosely with sterile dressing
    6. Prevent infection, do not break blisters
    7. Comfort and reassurance

    BURNS
    CHEMICAL BURNS
    • FIRST AID TREATMENT
    1. Remove chemical from the skin as quickly as possible
    2. Flush the burn with large amount of cool running water
    3. If an EYE is burned by a chemical flush the affected eye
    until advanced medical personnel take over
    4. If possible, have the person remove contaminated clothes
    to prevent the spread of infection while continue to flush
    area
    ELECTRICAL BURNS
    • FIRST AID MANAGEMENT:
    1. Never go near the person until you are sure with the power source
    2. Turn off power source and be aware of life threatening conditions
    3. Call emergency local numbers
    4. Be aware that electrocution can cause cardiac and respiratory emergencies
    5. Care for shock and thermal burns
    6. Look for entry and exit wounds, give appropriate care
    7. REMEMBER. That anyone suffering from electric shock requires
    advanced medical attention
    RADIATION BURNS:
    1. e.g SUNBURN care same

    NOTE: Critical burns are burns that require immediate


    medical care.
    TYPES / CLASSIFICATIONS:
    STRAIN – tendons ‘overstretching” e.g over use muscles
    SPRAIN – ligaments e.g accident
    DISLOCATION – Joints
    FRACTURE – Break in Bones
    Signs and Symptoms:
    • Pain
    • Bruising and swelling
    • Deformity
    • Inability to use body part normally
    • Bone fragments
    • Cold, numb sensation on the injured area
    • MANAGEMENT: R.I.C.E (rest, immobilize, cold, elevate)
    What to do?
    Take these actions immediately while waiting for medical help:
    1.Stop any bleeding. Apply pressure to the
    wound with a sterile bandage, a clean cloth or
    a clean piece of clothing.
    2.Immobilize the injured area. ...
    3.Apply ice packs to limit swelling and help
    relieve pain. ...
    4.Treat for shock.
    First aid management
    • Call local numbers for help
    • DO NOT MOVE if not trained
    • Minimize movement of the head, neck and back
    • Check for life threatening conditions
    • Maintain an open airway
    • Monitor consciousness and breathing
    • Control any external bleeding , direct pressure
    • Help maintain a normal body temperature
    TRIANGULAR BANDAGE

    •GOAL:
    -SAFETY
    -PROPER APPLICATION
    • Folding of
    TRIANGULAR
    BANDAGE
    1. OPEN PHASE
    2. BROAD PHASE
    3. semi – broad phase
    4. narrow phase
    KNOTS

    • .SIMPLE KNOT
    ..SQUARE KNOT
    …SURGEON’S
    KNOT
    ACTIVITY: VIDEO DEMONSTRATION
    • Perform 4 bandage techniques in 2 minutes.
    1. One eye injury bandage
    2. Both eye injury Bandage
    3. Forearm Bandage
    4. Elbow Bandage
    5. Hand Bandage

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