THE NORTH

D I V I D E
SOUTH
The North–South divide 
socio-economic and political divide.

Global North: the US, Canada,

Europe, Israel, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan as well
as Australia and New Zealand.
Global South: Africa, Latin America, and developing Asia including
the Middle East.

North: home to the G8 and to four of the five permanent members

of the United Nations Security Council. The North mostly covers
the West and the First World, along with much of the Second
World, while the South largely corresponds With the Third World.
The Cold War was a period of
ideological and geopolitical
tension between the US and
the USSR, and their
respective allies, after World
War II; the period is generally
considered to span the 1947
Truman Doctrine (12 March
1947) To the 1991 Dissolution
First World, the West; definition has largely shifted to
of the Soviet Union (26 any country with little political risk and a well functioning
December 1991). democracy, rule of law, capitalist economy, economic
stability and high standard of living;

Second World, used during the Cold War to refer to the industrial socialist states that were under
the influence of the USSR.;
Third World, during the Cold War,  Third World referred to the developing countries of Asia,
Africa, and Latin America, the nations not aligned with either the First World or the Second
World. following the fall of the USSR and the end of the Cold War in 1991, the term Third
World was used interchangeably with developing countries;
Is now outdated.
The North-South Divide
History

•  idea of categorizing countries by their economic and

developmental status began during the Cold War (East and West);

• The USSR and China represented the East, and the US and its

allies represented the West;

• 'Third World' came into parlance in the second half of the 20th
century, originated in a 1952 article by Alfred Sauvy entitled "Trois
Mondes, Une Planète;

• Early definitions of Third World emphasized its exclusion from the

East-West conflict as well as the ex-colonial status and poverty of
the nations it comprised.
• 1955 Bandung Conference, meeting of Third World states,
alternative to alignment was promoted.

•  the first Non-Aligned Summit was organized in 1961;

•  a mode of economic criticism which separated the world economy

into "core" and "periphery" was developed;

• given expression in a project for political reform, "moved the terms

'North' and 'South' into the international political lexicon.“

• In 1973, the pursuit of a New International Economic Order, to be

negotiated between the North and South was initiated at the Non-
Aligned Summit held in Algiers.
• in 1973, the oil embargo by Arab OPEC countries (the Yom
Kippur) increased world oil prices;

• Led to a worldwide recession, industrialized nations increasing

economically protectionist policies; contributing less aid to the less
developed countries of the South;

• Western banks, provided loans to Third World countries which

were not able to pay back their debt; led the IMF to extend further
loans, if they undertake certain liberalizing reforms;

• came to be known as structural adjustment, and was

institutionalized by International Financial Institutions (IFIs) and
Western governments
• a break from the Keynesian approach to foreign aid which had
been the norm from the end of the Second World War;

• After 1987, reports on the negative social impacts of structural

adjustment policies on affected developing nations led IFIs to
supplement structural adjustment policies with targeted anti-
poverty projects;

• at the end of the Cold War and the break-up of the USSR, some
Second World countries joined the First World, and others joined
the Third World.

• A new and simpler classification was needed; use of the terms

"North" and "South" became more widespread. 
The Brandt Line
• visual depiction of the north–south divide,
• proposed by West German former Chancellor Willy Brandt in the 1980s.
• encircles the world at a latitude of approximately 30° North, passing
between North and Central America, north of Africa and the Middle East,
climbing north over China and Mongolia, but dipping south so as to include
Australia and New Zealand in the "Rich North".
High Income Countries
(World Bank)
 t a t e s
g e s t S
l d ’s La r
Wo r
Th e
 Area 17,098,242 sq km
1. Russia
Population 145,478,097
Density 8.4/km2
2. Canada

• Area
9,984,670 sq km
• Population
38,526,760
• Density
3.41/km2
3. People’s Republic of China

• Area 9,596,960 sq km
• Population 1,412,600,000
• Density 145/km2
4. United States of America
Area 9,147,593 km2
Population 331,893,745
Density 34.2/km2
5. Brazil
Area 8,515,767 km2
Population 212,688,125
Density 23.8 km2
 Area 7,692,700 sq km
6. Australia
Population 25,986,700
Density 2.8/sq km
 Area 3,287,590 sq km
7. India Population 1,369,957,614
Density 382.2/km2
 8. Argentina

Area 2,780,400 sq km
Population 45,605,826[
Density 14.4/sq km
9. Kazakhstan Area 2,717,300 sq km
Population 19,082,467
Density 5.94/sq km
10. Algeria Area 2,381,741 sq km
Population 44,700,000
Density 15.9/sq km
 TES I N
T S T A
LL ES
E SMA R LD
TH W O
THE
1. Vatican City, 0.2 square miles - The world's
smallest state, the Vatican has a population of 825,
none of whom are permanent residents. The tiny
country is the spiritual center for the world's Roman
Catholics (over 1 billion strong). It is surrounded by
Rome, Italy.

“Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum: habemus papam.”

I announce to you a great joy: We have a Pope
2. Monaco, .7 square miles - lies along the
French Riviera on the French
Mediterranean coast near Nice. An
impressive 38,100 people live in this state
known for its Monte Carlo casinos. It has
been independent off-and-on since the
13th century.
3. Nauru. 8.5 square miles - The 11,000 residents of the Pacific island
Nauru rely on diminishing phosphate deposits. The state became
independent in 1968 and was formerly known as Pleasant Island.
4. Tuvalu. 9 square miles -
composed of 9 coral atolls along a
360 mile chain in Polynesia. Gained
independence in 1978. The former
Ellice Islands are home to 10,507
people.
5. San Marino. 24 square
miles - Located on Mt. Titano
in north central Italy, San
Marino has 33,630 residents.
The country claims to be the
oldest state in Europe, having
been founded in the fourth
century.
6. Liechtenstein, 62 square miles -
This microstate of 38,749 people is
located on the Rhine River between
Switzerland and Austria in the Alps.
7. Marshall Islands, 70 square miles - The
atolls (including the world's largest,
Kwajalein), reefs, and 34 islands (population
55,500) gained independence in 1986.
8. St. Kitts & Nevis, 104 square
miles - This Caribbean country
of 52,823 residents gained
independence in 1983. Nevis is
the smaller island of the two
and is guaranteed the right to
secede.
9. Seychelles, 107 square
miles - The 98,462 residents of
this Indian Ocean island group
have been independent of the
UK since 1976.
10. Maldives, 115 square miles - Only 200 of the 2000
Indian Ocean islands which make up this country are
occupied by 383,135 residents. The islands gained
independence from the U.K. in 1965.
The World
 THE MOST POPULOUS STATES IN THE
WORLD
State Population Capital City
1. China 1,412,600,000 Beijing
2. India 1,369,957,614 New Delhi
3. USA 331,893,745 Washington
4. Indonesia 273.879.750 Jakarta
5. Pakistan 226,992,332 Islamabad
6. Brazil 212,688,125 Brasilia
7. Nigeria 211,400,708[ Abuja
8. Bangladesh 169,688,404 Dacca
9. Russia 145,478,097 Moscow
10. Mexico 126,014,024[ Mexico City
11. Japan 125,502,000 Tokyo
12. Philippines 109,991,095 Manila
13. Egypt 102,674,145 Cairo
14. Democratic Rep. of Congo 101,935,800 Kinshasa
15. Vietnam 96,483,981 Hanoi
The World’s Newest States
1. South
Sudan peacefully seceded
from Sudan on July 9,
2011 following a January
2011 referendum. Sudan
itself was the first to
recognize South Sudan
and did so one day early.

2. Kosovo unilaterally declared
independence from Serbia on
February 17, 2008.
3. Serbia became its own 4. Montenegro was part of Serbia
entity on June 5, 2006 after and Montenegro (also known as
Montenegro split. Yugoslavia) but gained
independence on June 3, 2006
after a referendum.
5. East Timor (Timor-Leste) 6. Palau was part of the Trust
declared independence from Territory of Pacific Islands
Portugal in 1975 but did not (administered by the United
became independent from States) and gained
Indonesia until May 20, 2002. independence October 1, 1994
as a former colony.
 8. & 9. The Czech Republic and
Slovakia became independent
states on January 1, 1993 when
Czechoslovakia dissolved.
7. Eritrea was a part of Ethiopia
but seceded and gained
independence on May 25, 1993 .
 10. Micronesia,
previously known as
the Caroline Islands,
became independent
from the United
States on September
17, 1991.

10. The Marshall Islands was part of the Trust Territory of Pacific

Islands (administered by the United States) and gained
independence as a former colony on September 17, 1991 .
 12. Yemen was formed when
11. Germany unified (from East North and South Yemen merged
Germany and West Germany) on on May 22, 1990 .
October 3, 1990  after the fall of
the Iron Curtain.
13. Namibia became independent of South
Africa on March 21, 1990 .
Bosnia and Herzegovina, February
29, 1992
Croatia, June 25, 1991
Macedonia (officially The Former
Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia)
declared independence on September
8, 1991 but wasn't recognized by the
United Nations until 1993 and the
United States and Russia in February
of 1994
Serbia and Montenegro, (also known
as the Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia), April 17, 1992 Slovenia,
June 25, 1991
Fifteen new countries became independent with the
dissolution of the USSR in 1991. Most of these countries Armenia
declared independence a few months preceding the fall of Azerbaijan
the Soviet Union in late 1991. Belarus
Estonia
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Latvia
Lithuania
Moldova
Russia
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
The Ten Most Corrupt Countries in the World

2021 2022
worldpopulationreview.com worldpopulationreview.com

1. South Sudan 1. South Sudan

2. Somalia 2. Syria
3. Syria 3. Somalia
4. Venezuela 4. Venezuela
5. Afghanistan 5. Afghanistan
6. North Korea 6. North Korea
7. Yemen 7. Libya
8. Equatorial Guinea 8. Equatorial Guinea
9. Libya 9. DR Comgo
10. Burundi 10. Burundi
 Happiest Countries
World Happiness Report Update 2022, by the Sustainable Development
Solutions Network for the United Nations.
The data used to
rank countries in
each report is
drawn from the
Gallup World Poll,
as well as other
sources such as
the World Values
Survey, in some of
the reports. The
Gallup World Poll
questionnaire
measures 14 areas
within its core
questions: (1) (4) diversity (social issues), (5) education & families,
business & (6) emotions (well-being), (7) environment & energy,
economics, (2) (8) food & shelter, (9) government and politics, (10)
citizen law & order (safety), (11) health, (12) religion and
engagement, (3) ethics, (13) transportation, and (14) work.
communications &
technology,
1. FINLAND
2. DENMARK
3. ICELAND
4. SWITZERLAND
5. THE NETHERLANDS
6. LUXEMBOURG
7. SWEDEN
8. NORWAY
9. ISRAEL
10. NEW ZEALAND
11. AUSTRIA
12. AUSTRALIA
13. IRELAND
14. GERMANY
15. CANADA
 World's 10 largest economies
Top Ten Countries by Nominal GDP at Current U.S. Dollar Exchange Rates

Nominal GDP (in PPP Adjusted GDP Annual Growth GDP Per Capita (in
Country
trillions) (in trillions) (%) thousands)

United States $21.43 $21.43 2.2% $65,298

China $14.34 $23.52 6.1% $10,262

Japan $5.08 $5.46 0.7% $40,247

Germany $3.86 $4.68 0.6% $46,445

India $2.87 $9.56 4.2% $2,100

United Kingdom $2.83 $3.25 1.5% $42,330

France $2.72 $3.32 1.5% $40,493.9

Italy $2.00 $2.67 0.3% $33,228.2

Brazil $1.84 $3.23 1.1% $8,717

Canada $1.74 $1.93 1.7% $46,195

Ten Strongest Military Powers
www.businessinsider.in
 Defense Budget: $601 billion
1. USA Active frontline personnel: 1,400,000
Tanks: 8,848
Total aircraft: 13,892
Submarines: 72
2. Russia

Defense Budget: $84.5 billion

Active frontline personnel: 766,055
Tanks: 15,398
Total aircraft: 3,429
Submarines: 55
 3. China

Defense Budget: $216 billion

Active frontline personnel: 2,333,000
Tanks: 9,150
Total aircraft: 2,860
Submarines: 67
 Defense Budget: $41.6 billion
4. Japan Active frontline personnel: 247,173
Tanks: 678
Total aircraft: 1,613
Submarines: 16
5. India Defense Budget: $50 billion
Active frontline personnel: 1,325,000
Tanks: 6,464
Total aircraft: 1,905
Submarines: 15
6. France Defense Budget: $62.3 billion
Active frontline personnel: 202,761
Tanks: 423
Total aircraft: 1,264
Submarines: 10
 Defense Budget: $62.3 billion
7. South Korea Active frontline personnel: 624,465
Tanks: 2,381
Total aircraft: 1,412
Submarines: 13
8. Italy Defense Budget: $34 billion
Active frontline personnel: 320,000
Tanks: 586
Total aircraft: 760
Submarines: 6
 Defense Budget: $60.5 billion
9. United Kingdom
Active frontline personnel: 146,980
Tanks: 407
Total aircraft: 936
Submarines: 10
 Defense Budget: $18.2 billion
10. Turkey
Active frontline personnel: 410,500
Tanks: 3,778
Total aircraft: 1,020
Submarines: 13
END