English 2 Report

DEVELOPING
VOCABULARY and
SPELLING SKILLS in L1
and L2
Michelle P. hambre
Reporter
What VOCABULARY means?
-is all about words, the words in
a language or a special set of
words you are trying to learn.
-came to refer to the “range of
language of a person or group”.
What is vocabulary development?
Vocabulary development
-is the process of acquiring
new words.
The importance of vocabulary
-improves all areas of
communication like listening,
speaking, reading and writing.
-helps children to think and
learn about the world.
-Expanding a child's knowledge of
words provides unlimited access to
new information.
How to develop
child’s vocabulary?
1. Make conversation
a priority
2. Read together
3. Use labels
4. Play word games
5. Use words in sentences
6. Write for pleasure
7. Create a word wall
8. Introduce a word of the
day
9. Play together
10. Don’t ‘dumb down’
11. Show them how to use a
thesaurus
12. Introduce word banks
13. Make a big deal of
language
Development spelling
skills
Spelling Words
-The Relationship of Spelling
to Phonics & Reading
Phonics- is taught with word
lists that rely on specific letter
combinations.
Phonemic Awareness
- is the ability to
understand the relationship
between sounds
(phonemes) and symbols
(letters).
Use Phonics
Rules to Teach
Spelling
PreK and Kindergarten Spelling
Focus on sounds and spelling
through the patterning of
consonant-vowel-consonant
rhymes and short vowel sounds
for phonemic awareness
Example;
hat, bat, fat, cat, sat
1st Grade Spelling & 2nd Grade
Spelling
Focus on increasingly difficult
phonetic spellings Such as;
consonant blends, vowel digraphs,
vowel, diphthongs and r-controlled
vowels for better decoding and
syllable segmentation.
Example;
 Consonant Blends
Ex. flow, cradle, speed
 Consonant Digraphs
Ex. this, chalk
 Vowel Digraphs:
Ex. coat, team, paid
 Vowel Diphthongs
Ex. boy, coil
 R-controlled Vowels
Ex. car, bird, her
3rd – 6th Grade Spelling
Focusing on segmenting
syllables and decoding words
by the root word, helps
students carry spelling skills
over to reading fluency.
Affixes
A part attached to the root word,
such as prefixes and suffixes
Homographs
Words that are spelled the same,
but have different meanings and
pronunciations
Ex. bass, bow, close, desert
Homonyms
Words that have the same
spelling and pronunciation, but
varying meanings
Ex.
spruce as in to clean or spruce as in
a type of tree.
Homophones
Words that sound the same but are
spelled differently and have different
meanings Ex. here and hear, see and
sea.
Syllables
The phonological organization and
segmentation of words in parts
Ex. hap-pi-ly, en-ter-tain-ment
The Critical Role
of
Phonological
Awareness
Phonological awareness
- involves being able to
recognize and manipulate the
sounds within words.
This skill is a foundation for
understanding the alphabetic
principle and reading success.
Ways to effectively
teach phonological
awareness
1. teaching students to
recognize and manipulate
the sounds of speech
-Teachers should show and
teach students how to break
down units of speech into
smaller units.
Teachers can show students how to identify
• -words within sentences,
• -syllables within words,
• -the first and last sounds within words
(onset and rime, respectively),
• -and finally, all of the individual sounds in
a word (phonemes).
2) Teaching students letter-sound
relations
-Teachers should demonstrate and
teach students letter-sound relations
they will first encounter in print, such as
consonants and short vowels.
3) Teaching students to manipulate
letter-sounds in print using word-
building activities.
-The teacher says the name of the
letter and introduces the symbol for
the letter (show the letter “b”).
4. Teach students to manipulate
letter-sounds in print using word-
building activities
-Teachers should also encourage
students to connect their knowledge
of how to manipulate sounds in
spoken language with their
knowledge of letter-sound relations.
Word recognition
Word Recognition
-refers to the ability to
identify, read and analyze the
meaning attached to the word.
It is the basic foundation skill
in reading upon which learning
of advanced reading skills
depends.
Two essential components
to develop word recognition
1. Students need to be
taught the elements
necessary for automatic
word recognition
2. Strategic language
comprehension
Ex. background knowledge,
vocabulary, verbal
reasoning, literacy
knowledge
Development Spelling
-is a phonics based program
that helps students learn how
words work in English
language.
Stages of spelling development
EMERGENT SPELLING
-This stage is typical of
children who are 3-5 years old.
--Children learn to make the
distinction between drawing and
writing.
-learn how to make letters
and distinguish between
them.
-learn which direction you
write on a page (left to right,
top to bottom).
-begin early phonemic
awareness, recognizing that
certain letters make certain
sounds.
-children are realizing that
letters represent sounds in words.
LETTER NAME SPELLING
-This stage is typical for
children who are 4-9 years
old.
-children begin to
represent the phonemes in
words with letters.
-Identifying only the
strongest sounds in the word.
-This “kid writing” or “kid
spelling” as it is often called
is developmental and so
important for our young
learners.
WITHIN WORDS SPELLING
old.
-can spell most single-
syllable, short-vowel words
correctly.
-children will learn long vowel
sounds and patterns in single-
syllable words.
-children can read and write
many words correctly because of
their knowledge of letter sounds
and short-vowel patterns.
SYLLABLE JUNCTURE SPELLING
old.
-Children take what they
know about letter sounds and
short-vowel patterns and apply
it to multi-syllable words.
-They will also learn
inflectional endings (-ed, -ing, -
s, -es), and rules about doubling
consonants, changing the y to
an i, or dropping the final e
before adding suffixes to words.
DERIVATIONAL CONSTANCY
SPELLING
-This stage is typical for children
who are 10 years old or older.
-children learn that meaning, as
well as patterns and sound, are
important in spelling words in the
English language.
-Learners explore the
relationship between
spelling and meaning and
learn to associate word
meaning even when vowel
sounds change from the
root word.
REFERENCE
https://www.theschoolrun.com/how-to-build-childs-vocab
ulary
https://www.readingrockets.org/article/invented-spelling-and-spe
lling-development
https://
improvingliteracy.org/brief/how-we-learn-read-critical-role-phonolo
gical-awareness
https://
www.time4learning.com/spellingwords/spelling-words.shtml
https://happilyhomegrown.com/5-stages-of-spelling-
development/

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