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    Open Loop and Close Loop Control System

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    Amrit Singha
    This document summarizes open loop and closed loop control systems in electrical engineering. [1] An open loop system's output is independent of its input and does not contain feedback, while a closed loop system's input depends on its output through feedback. [2] Closed loop systems are more accurate and stable but also more complex and costly than open loop systems. [3] Transfer functions describe the input-output relationship and allow comparison of open and closed loop system properties like gain and stability.

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    Open Loop and Close Loop Control System

    Uploaded by

    Amrit Singha
    583 views10 pages
    This document summarizes open loop and closed loop control systems in electrical engineering. [1] An open loop system's output is independent of its input and does not contain feedback, while a closed loop system's input depends on its output through feedback. [2] Closed loop systems are more accurate and stable but also more complex and costly than open loop systems. [3] Transfer functions describe the input-output relationship and allow comparison of open and closed loop system properties like gain and stability.

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    This document summarizes open loop and closed loop control systems in electrical engineering. [1] An open loop system's output is independent of its input and does not contain feedback, while a closed loop system's input depends on its output through feedback. [2] Closed loop systems are more accurate and stable but also more complex and costly than open loop systems. [3] Transfer functions describe the input-output relationship and allow comparison of open and closed loop system properties like gain and stability.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    583 views10 pages

    Open Loop and Close Loop Control System

    Uploaded by

    Amrit Singha
    This document summarizes open loop and closed loop control systems in electrical engineering. [1] An open loop system's output is independent of its input and does not contain feedback, while a closed loop system's input depends on its output through feedback. [2] Closed loop systems are more accurate and stable but also more complex and costly than open loop systems. [3] Transfer functions describe the input-output relationship and allow comparison of open and closed loop system properties like gain and stability.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Department:- ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

    Open Loop And Close Loop Control


    System

    Name:- Amrit Singha


    Roll NO:- 27501621058
    Semester:- 5Th
    Subject Name-:- Control System
    Subject Code:- PC EE 503
    Open Loop System Definition:

    An open-loop system is a type of control system in which


    the output of the system depends on the input but the input
    or the controller is independent of the output of the system.
    These systems do not contain any feedback loop and thus
    are also known as non-feedback system.
    Open Loop Description
    In the open-loop control system, a reference input is given to the system in order to get the desired output. But the
    achieved output is not considered by the system for further reference input.
    In this figure here represents the block diagram of
    an open-loop control system.
    Here as we can see that the system consists of two
    blocks, one is the controller while other is controlled
    process.
    Basically, according to the required output, an input
    is provided to the controller of the system.
    Depending on the achieved input, the controller
    generates the control signal which is fed to the
    processing unit. Thus according to the control
    signal, proper processing is performed and output is
    achieved.
    But as there is no feedback path present in the system, thus whether the achieved output is desired or not
    the input has nothing to do with it.
    So, this is the reason we say that in an open-loop system the input is independent of the output.
    Example with Transfer Function
    We all are aware of the operation of a traffic light controller present at various road crossings.
    Basically the three signals generated by the controller is time-dependent. An internal timing is provided to the
    controller at the time of designing the system. So, when the traffic signal controller is installed at the crossing
    then each signal is displayed by the controller timely, independent of the rush present on any of the side.
    Basically relays are used to provide timing sequence to the system.

    In this figure clearly indicates that whatever output is achieved, the input will remain independent of it.
    We know transfer function is given as:

    When we separately consider the transfer function of each block then it will be given as:

    Thus the overall transfer function will be:

    So, the open-loop gain will be:

    The use of the open-loop control system indicates that the operator of the system is ready to consider
    some minimal deviation in the output from the expected value.
    Open Loop Advantages And Disadvantages
    Advantages Disadvantages

     These systems possess simplicity  These systems require timely


    in construction and ease of recalibration.
    maintenance.  The systems are more prone to
     Due to the lesser number of units, errors.
    overall the system is economic.  The changes in the desired output
     The output provided by the can be the result of internal or
    system shows stability. external disturbances.
     The operation is quite convenient.
    Closed-Loop Control System Definition:
    A closed-loop control system is a type of control
    system in which the controlling action shows
    dependency on the generated output of the
    system. In simple words, in these systems, the
    output of the system controls the input applied to
    the system.
    The variation in input according to the output leads
    to produce more accurate system output. Thus
    controllability in the closed-loop system is achieved
    through the output generated by utilizing a
    feedback path.
    Now the controlling provided to the system can be either output independent or output dependent. This
    variation leads to give two different categories of control system.
    A system in which controlling action is independent of the generated system output is known as open-loop
    control system. While in a closed-loop system, the produced output controls the functioning of the system by
    the used of feedback
    Transfer Function of Closed-Loop Control System
    Transfer function indicates the behaviour of the system as it is
    defined as the mathematical relation between the input and
    output of the system.
    The gain of the system defines the ratio of output to input. Thus
    we can say the output of the system is the product of transfer
    function and input.
    So, for the above-given system figure:,

    On substituting the value of E(s) in the 1st equation

    On transposing

    This is the transfer function of a closed-loop system


    with negative feedback.
    For a positive feedback system, it is given as:

    For a unity feedback system (i.,e H(s) = 0) with a high value of gain. The transfer function is unity.
    Close Loop Advantages And Disadvantages
    Advantages: Disadvantages:
     Closed loop control systems are  Closed loop control systems are
    more accurate even in the costlier and complex
    presence of non-linearities  The feedback in the closed loop
     The sensitivity of the system may system may lead to oscillatory
    be made small to make the response
    system more stable  The feedback reduces the overall
     The closed loop systems are less gain of the system
    affected by noise.  Stability is the major problem in
    the closed loop system and more
    care is needed to design a stable
    closed loop system.
    Comparison of Close Loop And Open Loop Control
    THANK
    YOU....
    .

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