Nutrition: Grade 8 Biology

Nutrition
Grade 8 Biology
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
OUTCOMES
LEARNING 1 identify the five nutrients found in foods;
give examples of food items that are rich in

2 carbohydrates, protein, and fats; and
3 relate the role of vitamins, minerals, and water

in maintaining a healthy body.
ENGAG
E
Recall the process of nutrition. Match the terms on the
left to their corresponding definitions on the right by
connecting the dots.
D 1. INGESTION A. when waste matter is removed from the body
E 2. DIGESTION B. nutrients from food move into the blood stream
B 3. ABSORPTION C. nutrients are used by the cells and tissues in the

body
C 4. D. taking in food through the mouth

ASSIMILATION
A 5. EXCRETION E. breaking down of food so that it can be absorbed
by the body
ENGAGE
What’s in our food that helps us go,

grow, and glow?
EXPLORE
Nutrient Content

Find out what nutritious food
contains.
Interactive
Dinner Table

Construct a meal table that gives. A warning
when a non- nutritious food is served.
Manipulative
EXPLAI
EXPLAIN
1. Which nutrients were
identified in the potato
chips, lemon juice, apple
and rice samples?
Interactive
EXPLAIN
2. Which of the following do
you think might test positive
for the presence of all the
nutrients (carbohydrates,
proteins, fats, minerals, and
vitamins)?
Interactive
EXPLAIN - corn and potato
Interactive
Food and Nutrients
You need energy, and you get it from
the food you eat. Your energy
requirement depends on many factors,
a few of which are your age, sex,
growth rate, and physical activity.
Where does energy come from? It is from the nutrient that you get from
the food and beverages that you consume. How? Remember that food
cannot readily be absorbed by the body. Food is too big for it to be used
by the cells. Therefore, it must be digested first. X
When food is broken down, you finally get nutrients. From different food
items, you get different nutrients. These nutrients are now absorbed and
transported through the bloodstream. Finally, they are assimilated by the
cells in your body.
The five nutrients found in food are
proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins,
and minerals. Each of these have
different roles in making your body
healthy.

Surely, you have heard of the word
calorie. It is a unit of energy, just like
“meter” is a unit of length, and
“second” is a unit of time. The more
calories your food has, the more
energy it gives you.
Proteins
Recall that the digestive products of proteins are called amino
acids. This means amino acids cannot be broken down further
and can readily be used by the body. Amino acids are important
in building most of your body parts.
To function well, your body needs 20 amino acids. However,
your body can only make 11. The other 9 that the body cannot
make are called essential amino acids. They can only be
obtained directly from the food you eat.

Carbohydrates
Recall that the digestive products of proteins are called
monosaccharide. This means monosaccharides cannot be
broken down further and can readily be used by the body.
Monosaccharides are often called simple sugar.
The most common simple sugar used by the cells is glucose.
Others are galactose and fructose. Yes, names of sugar mostly
end with “-ose”. When two molecules of simple sugar are
chemically bonded, it is called a disaccharide.

A short chain of monosaccharides is called an oligosaccharide
while a long chain of monosaccharides is called a
polysaccharide. A few examples of these are starch and
cellulose. Disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides
are all complex sugar. Always remember that only simple
sugars can be used by the cells as energy. Complex sugars
need to be broken down to simple sugar first.
Fats
Fats are alternately called lipids although in fact, fats are just a
subgroup of lipids. Recall that the digestive products of fats are
called fatty acids. This means fatty acids cannot be broken
down further and can readily be used by the body.
Fats are important in the body because they help in
insulating the body. The layer of fat below your skin
keeps your internal body temperature regular, that is
even in cold weathers.

However, of course, too much fat in
your diet can cause some diseases.
The most common are heart and
blood vessel diseases. Deposits of fat
can occur within the linings of the
arteries and may impede blood flow.
Proteins, carbohydrates, and fats provide energy.
Vitamins, minerals, and water do not. But despite that
fact, these three are still important because they
contribute to various functions within the body.
Vitamins are organic substances that are present in the food
you eat. However, they are in tiny amounts, so some people
may need to take vitamin supplements. Vitamins help
maintain eye health, good digestion, skin health, normal blood
clotting, and many more.
Minerals, unlike vitamins, are inorganic in nature. That means minerals
are not produced by living organisms. Minerals are soluble in water, so it
is important that they are replaced by ingesting food with trace
elements. Examples of minerals that are required to maintain a healthy
body are: calcium and phosphorus for teeth and bone health, iron for
transporting oxygen, sodium and potassium for proper muscle functions,
and zinc for cell growth and strong immune system.
ELABORAT
E
Science and Health
In hospitals, patients have special diet.

Diet, as some people understand, is not
avoiding intake of food just for the
purpose of losing weight. In medicine, it
means an eating plan wherein you are
restricted to eat food, simply because you
cannot eat anything, primarily because of
medical reasons.
ELABOR
ATE
Math - BMI Calculation
BMI is short for Body Mass Index.

It is an indicator of body fat based
on height and weight. It is
important to know how to
calculate the BMI because it is
one quick way of checking your
health.
ELABOR
ATE
Here’s a short video that will help
you calculate and interpret your
own BMI.

EVALUA
Identify the term described in each statement.
1 The digestive product of this nutrient

is amino acid.
2 this is what we call a converted

excess glucose.
3 this nutrient can be classified as

either fat- soluble or water soluble
4 it is disaccharide with one molecule

of glucose and one molecule of
fructose.
5 These are amino acids that the body

cannot make.
Write true if the statement is true, if not, write
false.
1 All vitamins are water soluble.

false.
2 Fats are also lipids.

false.
3 Proteins and carbohydrates provide

energy.
false.
4 The most common simple sugar used

by the cells is glucose.
false.
5 Calorie is a unit of energy.

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Nutrition

give examples of food items that are rich in

3 relate the role of vitamins, minerals, and water

E 2. DIGESTION B. nutrients from food move into the blood stream

B 3. ABSORPTION C. nutrients are used by the cells and tissues in the

C 4. D. taking in food through the mouth

What’s in our food that helps us go,

In hospitals, patients have special diet.

BMI is short for Body Mass Index.

1 The digestive product of this nutrient

2 this is what we call a converted

3 this nutrient can be classified as

4 it is disaccharide with one molecule

5 These are amino acids that the body

1 All vitamins are water soluble.

2 Fats are also lipids.

3 Proteins and carbohydrates provide

4 The most common simple sugar used

5 Calorie is a unit of energy.

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