Resistor Color Codes, Ohm Law: Principle of Electrical Engineering
Resistor Color Codes, Ohm Law: Principle of Electrical Engineering
Resistor Color Codes, Ohm Law: Principle of Electrical Engineering
Engineering
Lecture 3
Resistor Color Codes,
Ohm Law
2
CODING OF THE THROUGH HOLE DEVICES (RESISTOR) Cont..
3
Example
4
Example Cont..
Yellow-Violet-Orange-Gold Color Code
5
Example Cont..
White-Violet-Black Color Code
6
Ohm’s Law
Ohm’s law states that the electrical current flowing through any
conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference
(voltage) between its ends, assuming the physical conditions of
the conductor do not change.
In other words, the ratio of potential difference between any two
points of a conductor to the current flowing between them is
constant, provided the physical conditions (e.g., temperature etc.)
do not change.
Mathematically, Ohm’s law can be expressed as,
V=IR
7
Electric Current
Where:
V = voltage expressed in Volts
I = current expressed in Amps
R = resistance expressed in Ohms
The formula can be manipulated so that if any two quantities are
known the third can be calculated.
I=V/R
R=V/I
8
Ohms Law calculation example
If a voltage of 10 volts is placed across a 500 ohm resistor
determine the amount of current that will flow.
I = V/R =10/500=0.02A=20mA
9
Ohms Law calculation example
Example (1): An electronic device has a resistance of 20 ohms
and a current of 15 A. What is the voltage across the device?
Answer= 300V
Example (2): A 3−V potential difference is applied across a 6Ω
resistor. What is the current that flows into the resistor?
Answer= 0.5A
Example (3): A current of 0.2A passes through a 1.4kΩ resistor.
What is the voltage across it?
Answer= 280V
10
Example
Example (4): In the circuit shown below, how much current does
the ammeter show?
11
Example
Solution: the lamp is an electronic component with high
resistance. In the figure, the voltage across it is the same as
battery V=20V. The current passes through it relates to the
resistance and voltage drop using Ohm's law.
Answer= 1.25 A
12
Resistance
The opposition offered by a substance to the flow of electric
current is called its resistance.
13
Example 1
14
Electric Power
The rate at which work is done in an electric circuit is called its
electric power.
Work?
The work done to charge a body to 1 coulomb will be the measure
of its electric potential.
V= W/Q
W=VQ & The total charge that flows in t seconds is Q= I× t
coulombs Q= It
15
Electric Power
W=Vit,
16
Electrical Energy
The total work done in an electric circuit is called electrical energy.
Electrical energy = Electrical power × Time
17
Use of Power and Energy Formulas
18
Example
19
Example
20
Example
21
Example
22
Electricity Bill Calculation
The following are the details of load on a circuit connected
through a supply meter:
23
Electricity Bill Calculation Cont…
Bill for the month of June = Rs. 9.68 x 133.8= Rs. 1,295.
184
24
Electric Circuits
The closed path followed by electric current is called an electric
circuit.
Parts of Electric Circuit
The essential parts of an electric circuit are:
i. The source of power (e.g., battery, generator etc.).
ii. The conductors used to carry current and (iii) the load* (e.g.,
lamp, heater, motor etc.).
The source supplies electrical energy to the load which converts it
into heat or other forms of energy.
25
DC Circuits
The closed path followed by direct current (dc) is called a dc
circuit.
A dc circuit essentially consists of a source of dc power
(e.g., battery, dc generator etc.), the conductors used to carry
current and the load.
26
DC Circuits
Fig. shows a torch bulb connected to a battery through conducting
wires.
The direct starts from the positive terminal of the battery and
comes back to the starting point via load.
The direct current follows the path ABCDA.
The load for a dc circuit is usually a resistance.
27
Types of DC Circuit
In a d.c. circuit, loads (i.e., resistances) may be connected in series or
parallel or series parallel. Accordingly, d.c. circuits can be classified
as:
i. Series circuits
ii. Parallel circuits
iii. Series - Parallel circuits
28
Series circuits
The d.c. circuit in which resistances are connected end to end so
that there is only one path for current to flow is called a d.c. series
circuit.
A series resistor circuit can be a voltage divider circuit because the
potential difference across any one resistor is a fraction of the
total voltage applied across the series combination; the fraction
being determined by the values of the resistances.
29
Series circuits
Consider three resistances R1, R2 and R3 ohms connected in
series across a battery of V volts as shown in Fig.
There is only one path for current I i.e. current is same throughout
the circuit. By Ohm’s law, voltage across the various resistances is.
V1= I R1 ; V2 = I R2 ; V3 = I R3
V = V1 + V2+ V3= I R1 + I R2 + IR 3
V= I (R1 + R2 + R3)
Or V/I= R1 + R2 + R3
30
Series circuits
The main characteristics of a series circuit are :
i. The current in each resistor is the same.
ii. The total resistance in the circuit is equal to the sum of individual
resistances.
iii. The total power dissipated in the circuit is equal to the sum of
powers dissipated in individual resistances.
RS = R1 + R2 + R3
I2RS = I2R1 + I2R2 + I2R3
or PS = P1 + P2 + P3
31
Series circuits
The main characteristics of a series circuit are :
i. The current in each resistor is the same.
ii. The total resistance in the circuit is equal to the sum of individual
resistances.
iii. The total power dissipated in the circuit is equal to the sum of
powers dissipated in individual resistances.
RS = R1 + R2 + R3
I2RS = I2R1 + I2R2 + I2R3
or PS = P1 + P2 + P3
32
Example 1
33
Example 2
34
Example 3
35
Thank You
36