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    Urinary Antiseptics

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    temitope
    Urinary antiseptics work by inhibiting bacterial growth in the urinary tract. While they cannot treat systemic infections due to low plasma concentrations with safe doses, they can be used to treat urinary tract infections since they are concentrated in the renal tubules and reach effective antibacterial levels in the kidneys, renal pelvis, and bladder. Common urinary antiseptics mentioned include methenamine, nitrofurantoin, and fosfomycin tromethamine, with each having a different mechanism of action and spectrum of activity against various bacteria.

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    Urinary Antiseptics

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    temitope
    27 views17 pages
    Urinary antiseptics work by inhibiting bacterial growth in the urinary tract. While they cannot treat systemic infections due to low plasma concentrations with safe doses, they can be used to treat urinary tract infections since they are concentrated in the renal tubules and reach effective antibacterial levels in the kidneys, renal pelvis, and bladder. Common urinary antiseptics mentioned include methenamine, nitrofurantoin, and fosfomycin tromethamine, with each having a different mechanism of action and spectrum of activity against various bacteria.

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    Urinary antiseptics work by inhibiting bacterial growth in the urinary tract. While they cannot treat systemic infections due to low plasma concentrations with safe doses, they can be used to treat urinary tract infections since they are concentrated in the renal tubules and reach effective antibacterial levels in the kidneys, renal pelvis, and bladder. Common urinary antiseptics mentioned include methenamine, nitrofurantoin, and fosfomycin tromethamine, with each having a different mechanism of action and spectrum of activity against various bacteria.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    27 views17 pages

    Urinary Antiseptics

    Uploaded by

    temitope
    Urinary antiseptics work by inhibiting bacterial growth in the urinary tract. While they cannot treat systemic infections due to low plasma concentrations with safe doses, they can be used to treat urinary tract infections since they are concentrated in the renal tubules and reach effective antibacterial levels in the kidneys, renal pelvis, and bladder. Common urinary antiseptics mentioned include methenamine, nitrofurantoin, and fosfomycin tromethamine, with each having a different mechanism of action and spectrum of activity against various bacteria.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    URINARY ANTISEPTICS

    The urinary antiseptics inhibit the growth


    of many species of bacteria.

    Introduction
    They cannot be used to treat systematic
    infections because effective
    concentrations are not achieved in plasma
    with safe doses. However, because they
    are concentrated in the renal tubules,
    they can be administered orally to treat
    infection of the urinary tract.
    Furthermore, effective antibacterial
    concentrations reach the renal , pelvis and
    the bladder. Treatment with such drugs
    can be thought of as local therapy. Only in
    the kidney and bladder with rare
    exceptions are adequate therapeutic
    levels achieved.
    Methenamine: This is a pro-drug and
    urinary antiseptic that owes its activity to
    its capacity to generate formaldehyde.
    The compound decomposes in water to
    form formaldehyde. NH4(CH2)6 + 6H2O +
    4H+→4NH+4 + 6HCHO
     

    Mechanisms of action
    Mandelicand hippuric acids with which
    methenamine are combined provide
    supplementary antibacterial action.
    Nitrofurantoin: This is a bacteriostatic
    antibiotic used to treat bladder infection.
    It is not effective on the kidneys. In high
    concentrations, it may be bactericidal.

    Mechanisms of action cont’d


    Presumably, it disrupts bacterial enzyme
    systems. It is not used to treat infections
    other than simple cystitis. It is mutually
    antagonistic with quinolone antibiotics in
    vitro and as such, should not be
    combined. It is not used in patients with
    creatinine clearance of 60ml/min or less.
    Fosfomycine tromethamine: This is an
    antibiotic that is bactericidal in the urine
    at therapeutic doses.
    The bactericidal action is because of its
    inactivation of the enzyme enolpyruvyl
    transferase, thereby blocking the
    condensation of uridine diphosphate-N-
    acetyl glucosamine with P-enolpyruvate,
    one of the first steps in bacterial cell wall
    synthesis.
    Methenamineis active against gram
    positive and negative bacteria.

    Spectrum of activity
    Nitrofurantoin is active against both as
    well, though it mostly only inhibits
    growth.

    Spectrum of activity cont’d


    Nalidixic acid is effective against gram
    negative bacteria with minor gram
    positive activity. It is bactericidal at high
    concentrations and bacteriostatic at lower
    concentrations.

    Spectrum of activity cont’d


    Azithromycin and trimetoprim are not
    urinary antiseptics, but they are very
    potent antibiotics for treating urinary tract
    infections and deserve to be mentioned
    here.

    Spectrum of activity cont’d


    Urinary acidifiers are not curative. They
    are taken in combination with a proper
    diet to help maintain a healthy urinary
    tract.

    Spectrum of activity cont’d


    Methigel is a supplemental source of
    dimethionine and aids in maintaining a
    low urine pH.

    Spectrum of activity cont’d


    THE END

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