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Dear God,
Thank you for our time together

today.
Help us to be open-minded and
receptive to your work in and
through us.
We pray that we may be receptive
to your guidance in all things and
that we may become more like
Jesus Christ in our actions,
attitudes, thoughts, and words.
Amen
PATTERNS
OF
DEVELOPMENT
OBJECTIVES
• Identify the different patterns of
development.
• Find out the features of each pattern of
development; and
• Write paragraph using different patterns of
development.
PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT
1.DESCRIPTION
2.DEFINITION
3.EXEMPLIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION
4.COMPARISON AND CONTRAST
5.CAUSE AND EFFECT
6.PROBLEM – SOLUTION AND PERSUASION
Patterns of Development:
Description
Paragraph by Description:
• The writer uses sensory details such as sights,
sounds, smells, tastes, feelings, and texture to
create vivid images in the reader’s mind.
• The writer uses spatial order to create a clear

visual image of a person, place, object, or scene.
Two kinds of Descriptive Paragraph:
1. Objective Description: it describes something without
conveying the writer’s own emotions. This kind of
description is used in technical or scientific writing but
can also be used in other kinds of writing.
2. Subjective Description: it conveys feelings and

emotions about a person, place, or things. In addition, to
conveying impressions, subjective descriptions contains
specific details.
Patterns of Development: Definition
Definition: a definition explains what a term means.
Types of Definition
1. Formal Definition: the definition provided in dictionaries
are examples of formal definition, which generally include
three elements:
a term, the word being defined; b) class, which refer to the
group to which the term belongs; and c) differentiating
features, or the word or phrase that makes it different with
the others from the same class.
• 2. Informal Definition: the writer uses known words or
examples to explain an unknown term. These definitions
may be synonyms or antonyms introduced
by or, in other words, or like.
a. Operational Definitions: give the meaning of an
abstract word for one particular time and place.
b. Synonyms: words that mean the same as another word.
c. Denotation is the exact meaning of the word, and
Connotation is an idea or meaning suggested by or
associated with a word or thing.
Patterns of Development: Definition
3. Extended Definition: generally have components of both informal
and formal definitions. However, as the name suggests, the author
uses a number of other techniques to define a word, concept, or
phrase, including the following:
• Listing and describing the parts: identifying smaller, more familiar

pieces of an idea to point to the definition of the bigger concept.
• Etymology: sharing a word's origin.
• Examples or anecdotes: telling a story or example that illustrates the
term.
• Negation: defining a term by explaining what the concept is
not.
• Evoking the senses: using a word that creates a picture in the
reader's mind so that the reader might relate through memory
of sound, sight, touch, hearing, or smell.
• Environment or sector: pointing out how and where something
is used.
• Ramifications: showing how the term or concept affects people
or objects.
• Historical references: showing how a word has been defined
throughout history.
Exemplification and Classification
• Exemplification shows, proves, or explains a general idea or point
by using examples.
 is one of the most common and effective ways to show or
explain an idea or point.
 In this pattern of development, the main idea is explained by
giving an extended example or a series of detailed examples.
• Classification refers to sorting or arranging subjects into groups or

categories according to their common or shared characteristics.
 the group or category should have a single basis of
classification.
Comparison and Contrast
A Comparison tells how two things are similar. A contrast tells how they are different. A
comparison and contrast paragraph can do either or both.
Two ways in writing comparison and contrast paragraph:

1. Subject-by-Subject Method: present all of the facts and supporting details about one
topic, and then give all the facts and supporting details about the other topic.
Subject A: ______________________________________
Point 1: _________________________________
Point 2: _________________________________
Point 3: _________________________________
Point 4: _________________________________

Subject B: ______________________________________
Point 1: _________________________________
Point 2: _________________________________
Point 3: _________________________________
Point 4: _________________________________
Comparison and Contrast
2. Point-by-Point Arrangement: discuss each point for both subjects

before going on to the next point.
Point 1: _____________________________________
Subject A: _________________________________
Subject B: _________________________________
Point 2: _____________________________________
Subject A: _________________________________
Subject B: _________________________________
Point 3: _____________________________________
Subject A: _________________________________
Subject B: _________________________________
Point 4: _____________________________________
Subject A: _________________________________
Subject B: _________________________________
Cause and Effects
A cause is what makes a particular thing happen. An effect is what results
from a particular situation, activity, or behavior.
You write cause – and – effect paragraphs when:

a. your purpose is to help readers understand why something happened or
is happening.
b. you want to show your readers how one thing affects something else.
c. predict future events.
Organize your cause-and-effect paragraph by:

1. identify the effect in the topic sentence and write about its causes.
2. write about the cause in the topic sentence and write about its effects.
Cause and Effects
Problem – Solution and Persuasion
• Problem-solution requires writers to state a problem and come up with
a solution.
 Typically found in informational writing.
 Realistic fiction uses this structure so that children can learn to
identify.
• Persuasion can help you support and develop your ideas, unify your
paragraphs and essays, and build a convincing argument or
interpretation.
 To persuade people to change their minds or take an action, more is
needed than your opinion or sense of conviction.
 You need to supply them with information, analysis, and context
they need to form their own opinions, make their own judgment,
and take actions.
THANK YOU!!!

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Dear God,

Thank you for our time together

• The writer uses spatial order to create a clear

2. Subjective Description: it conveys feelings and

• Listing and describing the parts: identifying smaller, more familiar

• Classification refers to sorting or arranging subjects into groups or

Two ways in writing comparison and contrast paragraph:

2. Point-by-Point Arrangement: discuss each point for both subjects

You write cause – and – effect paragraphs when:

Organize your cause-and-effect paragraph by:

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