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Graphics and Digital Photo-Editing

Computer graphics deals with generating digital images using computers. It is a core technology in areas like digital photography, video games, displays, and specialized applications. There are two main types of digital images: bitmap and vector graphics. Bitmaps are composed of pixels and lose quality when resized, while vectors use mathematical formulas and shapes to define images and can be resized without quality loss. Common photo editing techniques include cropping, adjusting colors and brightness, resizing, and painting or erasing parts of an image. Compression reduces image file sizes and can be lossless or lossy.

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Tamerlan Mirzayev
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520 views

Graphics and Digital Photo-Editing

Computer graphics deals with generating digital images using computers. It is a core technology in areas like digital photography, video games, displays, and specialized applications. There are two main types of digital images: bitmap and vector graphics. Bitmaps are composed of pixels and lose quality when resized, while vectors use mathematical formulas and shapes to define images and can be resized without quality loss. Common photo editing techniques include cropping, adjusting colors and brightness, resizing, and painting or erasing parts of an image. Compression reduces image file sizes and can be lossless or lossy.

Uploaded by

Tamerlan Mirzayev
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Graphics

• Computer graphics deals with generating images with the aid of


computers. Today, computer graphics is a core technology in digital
photography, film, video games, cell phone and computer displays,
and many specialized applications.

• The term CGI stands for computer generated imagery.


Bitmap vs Vector graphics
• Bitmap and vector are two types of images found online or as a
supported image type in graphics software.
• Vector and bitmap images are both pictures on a screen, but they have
different compositions and focuses.
• Bitmaps (aka raster images) are made of pixels, while vector images
are software-created and based on mathematical calculations.
• For bitmap image every pixel in the picture has a color (identified by 1s
and 0s).
• Vectors, however, can be easily scaled to any size without sacrificing
the quality, since it uses shapes, formulas to define a picture.
• Because bitmap images are resolution-dependent, it’s impossible to
increase or decrease their size without sacrificing image quality.
Bitmap vs Vector graphics
• Vector images are made up of many individuals, scalable objects.
They always render at the highest quality because they are device-
independent. Objects in a vector image might consist of lines, curves,
and shapes with editable attributes such as color, fill, and outline.
• When you reduce the size of a bitmap image through your software's
resample or resize option, pixels must be discarded.
• When you increase the size of a bitmap image, the software creates
new pixels. When creating pixels, the software has to estimate the
color values of the new pixels based on the surrounding pixels. This
process is called interpolation. Because of this the bitmap image
quality gets worse.
This getting worse effect is usually called pixelated.
Basic photo-editing techniques
• Image adjustment and enhancement - Brightness and contrast can
brighten the photo if it’s too dark or darken it if it’s too light. You can change
the contrast or adjust the richness of colors.
• Crop - cut off sides of an image to make it a suitable size or remove
unwanted areas.
• Color adjustment - turning a photo into greyscale or brightening certain
colours.
• Resizing – changing the size of the image. It is recommended to keep the
aspect ratio (the ratio of dimensions [width : height] of the original photo)
while resizing.
Basic photo-editing techniques
• Painting - Painting software is used to create original pieces of work using
your mouse or graphics tablet. A graphics tablet is a touch-sensitive surface
that you draw on with a pen. It reproduces what you draw on screen. They
are generally preferred by professional designers.
• In these applications you usually get features such as, cut, copy, paste,
pencil, brush tool, shapes, zoom, fill etc.
• This kind of software usually output bitmap images.

• Erasing – with this feature you can erase the changes you made (things
you’ve painted).
Compression
Compression is used to reduce file sizes and change various attributes
of an image file.
These attributes include:
• File type
• Resolution
• Dimensions
• Bit depth

Compression is usually done to save space on the devices or to


download/upload the files faster.
compression
Compression can be lossy or lossless:
• Lossless compression means that as the file size is compressed, the
picture quality remains the same - it does not get worse. Also, the
file can be decompressed to its original quality.
• Lossy compression permanently removes data.
Types of compressed image files
• PNG is a lossless compression type. It is often used where the
graphic might be changed by another person or where the image
contains layers of graphics that need to be kept separate from each
other. It is high quality. PNG images can also have transparency
• JPEG is often used for digital camera images because it has a fairly
small file size for the quality that it displays. JPEG is a lossy format
that offers a higher compression rate than PNG in the trade-off for
quality.
• GIF compresses images to a maximum 8-bit colour depth, making it
unsuitable for high-quality photographs. GIF is often used where
transparency is needed on the graphic. GIF can also be used to
store simple animated images.
Sample problems
• State the effect of cropping an image [1p]

• A computer game designer needs a logo.


State the type of software application that should be used for this. [1p]

• Explain why a logo should be stored as a vector graphic. [3p]

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