Group Presentation

Adama Science and Technology
University
Department of Mechanical
Engineering
School of Mechanical, Chemical and

Material Engineering Office of
Graduate Studies
Assignment Of Autotronics and

Vehicle inelegancy
CONT….
MEMBERS OF GROUP
1.TAMIRU ASEFA PGE/28429/15
2.LELISA ALEMU PGE/28430/15
3.ROBEL ALEMAYEHUW PGE/28435/15
4.SHEMSEDIN AHIMED PGE/28433/15
PART-1 INTEGRATED CIRCUIT AND
THEIR APPLICATIONS
WHAT IS INTEGRATED CIRCUITES ?
Integrated circuits are usually called Ics and
popularly known as silicon chip, computer chip or
micro chips.
CONT….
Integrated circuit, tiny electronic circuit used to perform a
specific electronic function such as amplification.
It is usually combined with other components to form

amore complex system.
CONT….
TYPES OF IC
Integrated circuits are often classified by numbers
of transistors and other electronic components they
contain.
 SSI(Small-scale Integration),up to 100 electronic
component per chip.
MSI(medium-scale Integration), from 100-
3000electronic component per chip.
LSI(Large-scale integration ),from 3000-100000
electronic component per chip.
CONT….
 VLSI(Very large-scale integration),from
100000-1000000 electronic components per chip.
ULSI( Ultra large-scale integration) more than 1
Million electronic components per chip.
CLASSIFICATION
Integrated circuits can be classified into
 Analog Integrated circuit
Digital Integrated circuit
Mixed Integrated circuit(Both analog and Digital
on the same chip.)
CONT….
I. DIGITAL INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
 Contain anything from one millions of logic
gates, multiplexers and other circuits in a few
square millimeters.
 Work using binary mathematics to process
“one” and “zero” signals.
CONT….
II. ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
Analog IC’s such as sensor, power management
circuits and operational amplifers,work by
processing continuous signals.
Perform functions like amplification, active
filtering and mixing.
CONT….
III. MIXED INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
Both analog and Digital on the same chip.
Smaller size and lower cost, but must carefully
account for signal interference.
APPLICATION IN AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
o In-vehicle Networking.
o Engine Management.
o Transmission Control System.
o Battery Control System
o Essential to vehicle control units.
PART -2
SUPPORT CIRCUITS(POWER SUPPLY AND
TIMER Ckts
Practically all electronic systems require some form of
Power conversion.
A device that transfers electric energy from a source to a
load using electronic circuits is referred to as power
supply.
• A typical application of a power supply is to convert
utility AC voltage into regulated DC voltages required
for electronic equipment.
CONT….
CATEGORIES OF POWER SUPPLIES
There are two broad categories of power supplies
Linear regulated power supply
switched mode power supply (SMPS)
CONT….
The AC voltage is connected to a transformer, which steps that ac
voltage down to the level for the desired dc output.
 A diode rectifier then provides a full-wave rectified voltage.
 This is initially filtered by a simple capacitor filter to produce a
dc voltage.
 This resulting dc voltage usually has some ripple or ac voltage
regulation.
 A regulator circuit can use this dc input to provide a dc voltage
that not only has much less ripple voltage but also remains the
same dc value even if the input dc voltage varies somewhat or
the load connected to the output dc voltage changes.
 This voltage regulation is usually obtained using one of the
voltage regulator IC units.
CONT….
 WHAT IS TIMER CIRCUITS?
 A timer switch or timer circuit is a timer to control any
electronic switches or circuits by a timing mechanism.
 Here, the timer is a very simple circuit, working by
using just one or a pair of transistors.
This circuit serves its purpose of time delays operation
of a device.
PART -3
Microcontroller
A microcontroller is a compact integrated circuit designed to
govern a specific operation in an embedded system.
 A typical microcontroller includes a processor, memory and
input/output (I/O) peripherals on a single chip.
 Microcontrollers are found in vehicles, robots, office
machines, medical devices, mobile radio transceivers, vending
machines and home appliances, among other devices.
How do microcontrollers work?
Embedded inside of a system to control a singular function in a
device.
 Interpreting data it receives from its I/O peripherals using its
central processor.
CONT….
ELEMENTS OF MICROCONTROLLER
 The processor (CPU) : A processor can be thought of
as the brain of the device.
 I/O peripherals : The input and output devices are the
interface for the processor to the outside world.
Memory
A microcontroller has two main memory types:
 Program memory( stores long-term information that
the CPU carries out).
Data memory( required for temporary data storage).
CONT….
SUPPORTING ELEMENTS OF MICROCONTROLLER
 Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) converts analog
signals to digital signals.
Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) performs the
inverse function of an ADC .
System bus links all components of the
microcontroller together.
Serial port allows the microcontroller to connect to
external components.
PART-4 STEPS IN MICROCONTROLLER
CONT….
A microcontroller is a programmable IC, capable of
multiple functions depending on how it’s programed .
 Microcontrollers are typically programmed in higher-
level languages such as
C++ or Java.
 One of the essential tools needed to program a
microcontroller is an
integrated development environment (IDE).
STEPS
Step 1: Build Hardware
Before doing any programming the first step is to build the
hardware
Step 2: Get Software
These instructions will use XC8 compiler and MPLAB X
IDE by Microchip
Step 3: Create New Project
In this step we will create a new project based on a
template from Microchip.
Step 4: Build Parameters
Before we can get started programming we need to set the
build parameters.
CONT….
Step 5: Set Configuration Bits
The next step is setting the configuration bits. The configuration
bits tell the MCU its initial conditions for when it turns on
Step 6: Configure Oscillator
The next step is to start programming; however, before we get to
the application code we must program the system code.
Step 7: Wait Milli-Second Function One of the most useful
functions is wait ms. This however is not a function in the
standard library.
Step 10: Read a Digital Value Next lets get digital input from
the switch. When the switch is off we will have the program do
what it has been doing all along.
THANK YOU ǃ
FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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Adama Science and Technology

School of Mechanical, Chemical and

Assignment Of Autotronics and

It is usually combined with other components to form

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