Friction

ENGINEERING TRIBOLOGY
SUPER LOW FRICTION
Presented By:
Azhar Mahmood
3116999009
CONTENTS
 What is Friction
 Motivation
 Case Study
 Results
 Useful friction and Reducing Friction
• Friction is a force between two surfaces
that are sliding, or trying to slide across one
another, for example when you try to push a
toy car along the floor.
• Friction always works in the direction

opposite from the direction the object is
moving, or trying to move. It always slows
a moving object down. Moving
Friction
• The amount of friction depends on the materials from
which the two surfaces are made. The rougher the
surface, the more friction is produced. For example, you
would have to push a book harder to get it moving on a
carpet than you would on a wooden floor. This is because
there is more friction between the carpet and the book
than there is between the wood and the book.
• Friction can be a useful force because it
prevents our shoes slipping on the pavement
when we walk and stops car tyres skidding on
the road.
• Ice causes very little friction, which is why it
is easy to slip over on an icy day. But this is a
good thing for ice skating and sledging.
• Sometimes we want to reduce friction. For
example, moving parts inside a car engine are
lubricated with oil, to reduce friction between
them. The oil holds the surfaces apart, and can
flow between them. The reduced friction means
there is less wear on the metal, and less heat
produced.
MOTIVATION
 Role of Friction & Wear in Vehicles
 Traditionally, the role of friction and wear in transportation has addressed issues
associated with reliability and durability – engineering the tribological system
(consisting of lubricants & additives, materials & coatings, and component
geometry/finish) to improve component lifetime and mitigate catastrophic failure (e.g.
scuffing)
 –Changing environments continue to challenge the ability of current tribological
systems (low-lubricity fuels, low SAPS lubricants, greater loads, EGR, etc.)
 Increasing fuel prices, tighter emission standards, and concerns over global warming
gases are now driving researchers worldwide to develop more efficient tribological
systems to reduce parasitic friction losses.
 – More energy is lost to friction than is delivered to the wheel. Approximately 10 % of
the fuel consumed in transportation is lost to friction in the engine. Another 6% is
consumed by friction in the driveline
 Fuel savings in the range of 3-5 % can be achieved by reducing parasitic engine losses,
while another 2-4 % can be saved by reducing parasitic driveline losses
MOTIVATION
ULTRA LOW FRICTION
 With the development of science and

technology, the friction coefficient of human
expectation is getting smaller and smaller.
Usually the friction coefficient of fluid
lubrication is less than 0.1
Achieving ultra-low friction in commercial oils
by serpentine modification of sliding surfaces.
2013 STLE Annual Meeting & Exhibition
May 5-9, 2013
 In this paper, we report ultra-low friction behavior of tribofilms formed from

commercial oils, including fully formulated gear and hydraulic oils, blended
with serpentine powders which facilitate frictional transition from
boundary lubrication to a mixed or hydrodynamic lubrication regime.
 Experimental studies were performed using a block-on-ring test machine on
three oil carriers including 46 hydraulic oils (HO), fully formulated mineral
gear oil (FFMGO) and fully formulated synthetic gear oil (FFSGO).
 The of the block and the ring was 12Cr. Natural Serpentine with, set of
catalysts and surfactants, was added to these oils at optimized concentrations
to promote mixed or hydrodynamic like frictional behavior under conditions
that typically result in boundary-like frictional behavior. The results show
that with the use of a serpentine, the
Serpentinite:
 Serpentinite is a rock composed of one or more serpentine group minerals.

Minerals in this group are formed by serpentinization, a hydration and
metamorphic transformation of ultramafic rock from the Earth's mantle.
 18 Mg2SiO4 + 6 Fe2SiO4 + 26 H2O + CO2 → 12 Mg3Si2O5(OH)4 + 4 Fe3O4 + CH4

May 5-9, 2013
Sr OIL START END TIME
 coefficient of friction (COF) declined in all oils, but the magnitude of # Mins
reduction and the time needed to trigger a step-like transition from high to
low friction were different. 1 HO 0.12 0.01 280
 Under the maximum contact pressure of 0.33GPa and a speed of 2 FFMGO 0.08 0.02 360
0.83m/s, 3 FFSGO 0.07 0.055 550
 COF of 12Cr stainless steel block and 12Cr stainless steel ring
 The lubricating regime of block and ring depends on

 1- The contacting pressure,
 2- Relative sliding speed,
 3- Lubricant viscosity and
 4- Surface roughness.
 The observed difference between the films with and without serpentine is
the elemental carbon content which might attribute the ultra-low friction.
May 5-9, 2013
 Previous studies have shown that DLC films with certain hydrogen content can
provide ultra-low friction and wear coefficients. Likewise,
 molybdenum disulfide with fullerene-like microstructure has also been shown
to exhibit low friction.
 Conclusion:
 From this analysis, we obtain the following conclusions:
 (1) Serpentinite as an oil additive dramatically reduces the friction and resist
wear.
 (2) Carbon is responsible for the ultra-low friction of the formed tribofilms.

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ENGINEERING TRIBOLOGY

SUPER LOW FRICTION

• Friction always works in the direction

 With the development of science and

 In this paper, we report ultra-low friction behavior of tribofilms formed from

 Serpentinite is a rock composed of one or more serpentine group minerals.

 18 Mg2SiO4 + 6 Fe2SiO4 + 26 H2O + CO2 → 12 Mg3Si2O5(OH)4 + 4 Fe3O4 + CH4

 The lubricating regime of block and ring depends on

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