8th Grade

WELCOME
TO
MATH CLASS
 PRAYER
Dear Lord, we thank you for this day you have given to
us. Lord please add love and care to each and every one.
Subtract all the hatred and negativities surround us.
Multiply your good news and mercy on us. And divide
your unending blessing to each of us.
Dear Lord, please grant us the holy spirit to guide us our
class today. All of these we pray to the most Holy name.
Amen.
ATTENDANCE
LET’S PLAY A GAME !

GUESS THE
WORD
N T P
I O

P O I N T
G A E
L N

A N G L E
P L N
A E

P LA N E
M T O G
E E R Y

G E O M E T R Y
T S L P T
U E A O

P O S T U LA T E
M S X
O I A

A X I O MS
R M T H
E S E O

T H E O R E M S
 S N M
T E E G

S E G M E N T
M S R E
U E A

M E A S U R E
Y A R

R A Y
JUMBLED WORD
Unscramble the letters using the words from the word blank below
1. NITOP
GEOMETRY PLANE
2. GLANE
3. PALEN POSTULATE AXIOMS
4. METEORGY
5. TUSELAPOT MEASURE ANGLE
6. MOSIXA
7. REMSTEHO POINT SEGMENT
8. TSENEMG
9. MUSERAE RAY THEOREMS
10. YAR
 01
MATHEMATI
CAL SYSTEM
 OBJECTIVES:
● a) define and illustrate a mathematical system
● b) illustrate the need for an axiomatic structure of
a mathematical system in geometry particular;
defined terms; and undefined terms.
● c) perform the define and undefined terms by
illustrating real-life application.
GEOMET
RY
 Is the branch of mathematics that deals with
shapes, angles, dimensions and sizes of a variety
of things we see in everyday life.

 Geometry is derived from Ancient Greek words –

‘Geo’ means ‘Earth’ and ‘metron’ means
‘measurement’
 MATHEMATICAL SYSTEM

1
Mathematical system is
divided into four parts
namely undefined terms,
defined, terms, axioms or
postulates and theorems.
 MATHEMATICAL SYSTEM

2
In geometry, we come across with terms
which cannot be precisely defined and
these are undefined terms. The point,
line, and plane are called undefined
terms. We cannot define these terms
because they can only be described or
illustrated.
 MATHEMATICAL SYSTEM

3
Unlike undefined terms (which do not have a
formal definition), these terms have a formal
definition. They are used to define even
more terms. Collinear points, coplanar
points and subsets of a line and more are
called defined terms
 MATHEMATICAL SYSTEM

4
A definition is an exact
statement or description of the
meaning of a term or word so
that anyone using it will
understand it in the same way.
 MATHEMATICAL SYSTEM

5
Postulates on the other side is a
statement which is accepted as true
without proof. These statements
can be used as reasons in proving
some mathematical statements.
 MATHEMATICAL SYSTEM
6

A theorem is a statement that can

be proven. Once a theorem is
proven, it can also be used as
a reason in proving other
statements.
UNDEFINED TERMS
POINT indicates a position
in space. It has only
location but no dimension,
length, width, thickness and
does not occupy an area. It
is named using a CAPITAL
LETTER and it can be
modeled by a dot
UNDEFINED TERMS
LINE has infinite length, no width,
nor thickness. It extends infinitely in
two opposite directions. It is
represented by a straight line with two
arrowheads. A line is named by two of
its points with a symbol ↔ written on
top of two letters. A line may also be
named by one small letter or a number. A
line has its parts or subsets.
 UNDEFINED TERMS
A plane has infinite length,
infinite width, but has no
thickness. It is usually
represented in drawings by a
four‐sided figure. To name a
plane you can use a capital
letter written at the corner or using
three non-collinear points in it.
DEFINED TERMS

Collinear points 
are the points
which lie on the
same line
DEFINED TERMS

Coplanar points
are the points
which lie on the
same plane.
 DEFINED TERMS
A line segment is bounded by
two distinct points on a line. Or
we can say a line segment is part
of the line that connects two
points. A line has no endpoints
and extends infinitely in both the
direction but a line segment has
two fixed or definite endpoints
 DEFINED TERMS
A ray is a part of a line that
has one endpoint and goes
on infinitely in only one
direction.
You cannot measure the
length of a ray.
 DEFINED TERMS

An intersection is a
point where two or
more geometric
figures meet.
 DEFINED TERMS
A parallel lines can be
defined as two lines in the
same plane that are at
equal distance from each
other and never meet.
They can be both
horizontal and vertical.
 DEFINED TERMS
An angle is formed when two
straight lines or rays meet at a
common endpoint. The
common point of contact is
called the vertex of an angle.
The word angle comes from a
Latin word named ‘angulus,’
meaning “corner.”
 DEFINED TERMS

Between – point P is said to be

between A and B if and only if
A, P, and B are distinct points
of the same line and
AP+PB=AB.
 DEFINED TERMS
CONGRUENT
ANGLE- two angles are
congruent if and only if
their measure are equal.
In symbols, ∠A ≅ ∠B, If
and only if m∠A = m∠B
 Different Angles

An Acute Angle- is
an angle with a
measure greater
than 0 but less than
90 degrees.
Different Angles

A Right angle
is an angle with
a measure of 90
degrees.
 Different Angles

An Obtuse angle is
an angle with a
measure greater
than 90 but less
than 180 degrees.
Polygon is the union of
three or more coplanar
segments, which intersect
at endpoints, with each
endpoint shared by only
two nonlinear segments.
Triangle is a figure
formed by three
segments joining
three noncollinear
points.
 Angle Bisector of a Triangle
Is a segment contained in
the ray, which bisects the
angle of the triangle and
whose endpoints are the
vertex of this angle and a
point on the opposite side
 Altitude of a Triangle
A segment is an altitude
of a triangle if and only if
it is perpendicular from a
vertex of the triangle to
the line that contains the
opposite side
 Median of a Triangle
A segment is a median
of a triangle if and only
if its endpoints are
vertex and the
midpoint of the
opposite side
Types of triangle
An Acute triangle
is a triangle in
which all angles
are acute
Types of triangle
A right triangle is
a triangle in which
one of the angles is
a right triangle.
Types of triangle
An obtuse triangle
is a triangle in
which one of the
angles is obtuse
 Types of triangle
An equiangular
triangle is a
triangle in which
all angles are
congruent
Types of triangle
A scalene
triangle is a
triangle with no
congruent side
 Types of triangle
An isosceles
triangle is a
triangle with at
least two congruent
sides.
 Types of triangle
An equilateral
triangle is a
triangle with all
sides are
congruent
 QUADRILATERAL
●A Quadrilateral is a four-
sided polygon
 Different Quadrilateral
A Parallelogram
is a quadrilateral
with two pairs of
parallel sides.
Different Quadrilateral
A rectangle is a
parallelogram
with four right
angle.
Different Quadrilateral
A square is a
rectangle with
four congruent
side.
Different Quadrilateral
A rhombus is a
parallelogram
with four
congruent sides.
Different Quadrilateral
A trapezoid is a
quadrilateral with
exactly one pair
of parallel sides.
Adjacent Angle
Adjacent angles are two
angles which have a
common vertex and a
common side but have
no interior points in
congruent.
Supplementary Angle
Two angles are
supplementary if
the sum of their
measure is 180°.
 Linear Pairs
Two angles form a linear
pair if and only if they
meet these condition; (a)
they are adjacent angles,
and (b) their uncommon
sides are opposite rays.
 Vertical Angles
Two angles are vertical
angles if and only if
they are nonadjacent
angles formed by two
intersecting lines.
 Perpendicular
Two lines are
perpendicular if and
only if they intersect
to form right angles.
 Different Angle
An Exterior angle is
an angle which is
adjacent and
supplementary to one
of the angles of the
triangle.
 Different Angle
Remote interior angle are
angles which are not adjacent to
the given exterior angle of the
triangle.
Different Angle
An adjacent interior
angle is an interior angle
which forms a linear pair
with the given exterior angle.
 Transversal
A transversal is a line that
intersects two or more
coplanar line at two or
more distinct points.
 Alternate interior angles
Two nonadjacent
interior angles on
opposite sides of
the transversal.
 Alternate exterior angles
Two nonadjacent
exterior angles on
opposite sides of
the transversal .
 Corresponding Angles
Two nonadjacent
angles, one interior,
and one exterior on
the same side of the
transversal.
 Congruent triangles
Two triangles are
congruent if their
corresponding parts
are congruent.
 Let’s Try
Using the This!
figures below, name the given in different
ways
1 3 5

2 4
 Activity Time
Draw and label a figure for each condition.
1. Plane 𝑭𝑮𝑯
2. Line 𝑻 intersecting 𝑶𝑷 at 𝑴
3. Ray 𝑨𝑯 and Ray 𝑨𝑮 intersect at point 𝑨.
4. Plane n
5. Point Y
6. Line segment MN
7. Point D
8. Angle EFG
9. Ray LO
10.Angle STO
 Assignment
On a short bond paper, draw two
real-life example of a point, line,
plane, line segment, ray, and angle
each.
Quiz time!