Projectile Motion

Projectile Motion
Motion In Two Dimensions
We restrict ourselves to objects thrown near the Earth’s surface so that gravity
can be considered constant.
Pre Test
Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. In the absence of air resistance, the ball was thrown at an
angle. Which of the following angle does the ball go farthest?
A. 35.0º B. 45.0º C. 65.0º D. 90.0º
2. A basketball player has thrown the ball at an angle of 30.0º

and travels 10.0 m. If the ball is thrown at the same speed, at
what other angle will the ball be allowed to travel 10.0 m?
A. 40.0º B. 50.0º C. 60.0º D. 70.0º
Pre Test
3.Four balls are thrown with the same initial velocity, but at
different angles above the ground. Which diagram represents
the initial velocity of the projectile have the maximum range?
4. A basketball player throws the ball at different angles. At

which of the following angles will the ball achieve the
maximum height?

A. 35.0º B. 45.0º C. 65.0º D. 70.0º

Pre Test
5. A ball is hit at an angle of 30°. Along its path, this

projectile will have the least speed
A. just after it was launched

B. at the highest point in its flight
C. just before it hits the ground
D. halfway between the ground and the highest point
RECAP
Objects at free fall exhibit uniformly accelerated motion.
What is the value of its acceleration due to gravity?
If a freely falling ball is somehow equipped with a

speedometer, by how much would its speed-reading increase
for every second?
Identify the equation to be used
Displacement (d) in terms of vi , a, t
Final Velocity vf in terms of vi, a, d
Acceleration (a) in terms of vi, vf, t

Projectile motion refers to the motion of an
object that is thrown, or projected into the air
at an angle.
The motion of a projectile is determined only

by the object’s initial velocity and gravity.
Projectile motion applies to sports.
Projectile motion applies to destructive
projectiles.
Types of Projectile Motion
• Horizontal
– Motion of a ball rolling freely along a
level surface
– Horizontal velocity is ALWAYS constant
• Vertical
– Motion of a freely falling object
– Force due to gravity
– Vertical component of velocity changes
with time
• Parabolic
– Path traced by an object accelerating only
in the vertical direction while moving at
constant horizontal velocity
Projectile motion is a combination of horizontal motion and
vertical motion.

The horizontal motion of a projectile is constant because no
gravitational force acts horizontally
The vertical motion of a projectile is nothing more than free fall
with a constant downward acceleration due to gravity.
A projectile moves horizontally with constant velocity
while being accelerated vertically. The result is a motion
in a curved path.
The path of a projectile is called its trajectory.

The trajectory of a projectile in free fall is a parabola.
The horizontal distance traveled by a projectile is called

range.
The vertical distance traveled by a projectile is called

height.
A projectile, once projected, continues in
motion by its own inertia and is influenced
only by the downward force of gravity.
An object projected
horizontally will
reach the ground in
the same time as
an object dropped
vertically.
No matter how
large the horizontal
velocity is, the
downward pull of
gravity is always
the same.
The cannonball falls the same amount of distance as it did when it was merely
dropped from rest
Horizontally launched projectile
Horizontal velocity is constant. Vertical velocity is changing
due to gravitational acceleration..
Vertically launched projectile
The horizontal velocity component remains the same size
throughout the entire motion of the cannonball.
Learning Task 1:
JUMBLED LETTERS: Rearrange the letters to form the
word described in each statement.
1. It is a combination of CEEIJLOPRT IMNOOT
uniform horizontal motion
and free fall.
2. It is the curved path traveled A C E J O R R T T Y
by a projectile.
3. It is a body traveling in CEEIJLOPRT
projectile motion
4. It is the horizontal distance AEGNR
traveled by a projectile
5. It is the vertical distance EGHHIT
traveled by a projectile.
Projectiles launched at different angles.
Sports Trivia
Maximum range is achieved if the projectile is

fired at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to
the horizontal.
The horizontal component and the vertical
component, we use the following formulas:
v xi  vi cos( )
v yi  vi sin( )
Learning Task 2
1.A package is dropped from a

helicopter flying at a height of 7 m
while traveling 10 m/s. How far does
the package travel horizontally before
it hits the ground below?
Learning Task 2
1.A package is dropped from a helicopter flying at a height of 7 m while
traveling 10 m/s. How far does the package travel horizontally before it hits
the ground below?
Given: vix = 10 m/s dy = 7 m dx = vix t
= (10 m/s) (1.20 s)
Find: dx dx = 12 m
Solution: dy= viyt + ½ at2
t = √2 dy
g
t = √(2(7 m)
9.8 m/s2
t = √ 14 m
9.8 m/s2
t = √1.43 s 2
t = 1.20 s
Sample for Vertical
1.Alfred claims that he can throw a dart at a dartboard from a distance of 2 m
and hit the 5.0-cm wide bull’s eye if he throws the dart horizontally with a
speed of 20 m/s. He starts the throw at the same height as the top of the
bull’s eye. Will Alfred hit the bull’s eye?
Given: vix = 20 m/s dx = 2 m solve for t t = dx
vix
Find: dy t= 2 m
20 m/s
t = 0.1 s
dy = agt2
2
dy =(9.8 m/s2)(0.1 s)2
2
dy =(9.8 m/s2)(0.01 s2 )
2
dy =0.098 m
2
Learning Task 3
1. A ball is thrown horizontally with
a speed of 10 m/s. If the ball
moves a horizontal distance of 15
m, what height does it fall?
Learning Task 3
1. A ball is thrown horizontally with a speed of 10 m/s. If the ball moves a
horizontal distance of 15 m, what height does it fall?
Given: vix = 10 m/s dx = 15 m solve for t t = dx
vix
Find: dy t= 15 m
10 m/s
t = 1.5 s
dy = agt2
2
dy =(9.8 m/s2)(1.5 s)2
2
dy =(9.8 m/s2)(2.25 s2 )
2
dy =22.05 m
2
dy = 11.03 m
Learning Task 4
1. A football is kicked at an angle

of 40º with an initial speed of 7
m/s. What is the horizontal
distance traveled by the ball?
Learning Task 4
1. A football is kicked at an angle of 40º with an initial speed of 7 m/s.
What is the horizontal distance traveled by the ball?
Given: vi = 7 m/s 0= 40º
Find: R
Solution: vix = vi cos 0 viy = vi sin 0
= (7 m/s) (cos 40º) = (7 m/s) (sin 40º)
= ( 7 m/s) (0.77) = ( 7 m/s) (0.64)
vix = 5.39 m/s viy = 4.48 m/s
Total time
tT = 2 (vfy - viy )
g
= 2 (0- 4.48 m/s)
9.8 m/s2
= 2 (0.46 s)
tT = 0.92 s
R= (vix) (tT)
= (5.39 m/s ) (0.92 s)
= 4.96 m
In Conclusion
A projectile is any object upon which the only force
is gravity.
Projectiles travel with a parabolic trajectory due to

the influence of gravity.
There are no horizontal forces acting upon projectiles

and thus no horizontal acceleration.
The horizontal velocity of a projectile is constant.

there is a vertical acceleration caused by gravity
(9.8 m/s.
The horizontal motion of a projectile is independent

of its vertical motion.
Performance Test 2
A santol rolls across a table with a speed of 2 m/s and falls off the
edge. If it lands 3 m from the edge of the table, from what height does
it fall?
Rubrics:
•10- Properly solve the problem using the steps in solving the problem.
• 8- Not properly solve the problem, lacking 1 step
• 6- Not properly solve the problem, lacking 2-3 steps
• 4- Write only the correct answer, no solution
• 2- hard to read and understand

•
Test your knowledge
Suppose a snowmobile is equipped with a

flare launcher which is capable of launching
a sphere vertically. If the snowmobile is in
motion and launches the flare and maintains a
constant horizontal velocity after the launch,
then where will the flare land (neglect air
resistance)?
Test your knowledge
Suppose an airplane drops a flare while it

is moving at constant horizontal speed at
an elevated height. Assuming that air
resistance is negligible, where will the flare
land relative to the plane?
A. Directly below the plane.
B. Below the plane and ahead of it.
C. Below plane and behind it.
Why does the horizontal component of a
projectile’s motion remain constant?
Because no force acts on it horizontally.

Why does the vertical component of a
projectile’s motion undergo change?
Because gravity is pulling it downward.

How does the vertical distance a projectile
falls below an otherwise straight-line path
compare with the vertical distance it would
fall from rest in the same time?
The vertical and horizontal distances are

equal.
A projectile is launched vertically at 100
m/s. If air resistance can be neglected, at
what speed does it return to its initial
level?
100 m/s
http://library.thinkquest.org/27585/lab/sim_pirates.html
There is an interesting monkey down at the zoo. The
monkey spends most of its day hanging from a limb of a
tree.
The zookeeper feeds the monkey by shooting bananas

from a banana cannon to the monkey in the tree. This
particular monkey has a habit of dropping from the tree
the moment that the banana leaves the muzzle of the
cannon.
The zookeeper is faced with the dilemma of where to aim

the banana cannon in order to hit the monkey. If the
monkey lets go of the tree the moment that the banana is
fired, then where should she aim the banana cannon?
To ponder this dilemma consider the following:
Shoot at the monkey in a gravity free environment.
In the absence of gravity, the banana moves in a straight

line path (and does not experience any downward
acceleration) and the monkey does not fall once he lets go
of the tree.
Shoot at the monkey
with gravity.
The banana moves in a parabolic path in the presence of gravity.

In the presence of gravity, the monkey also accelerates downward
once he lets go of the limb. Both banana and monkey experience
the same acceleration since gravity causes all objects to
accelerate at the same rate regardless of their mass.
Since both banana and monkey experience the same acceleration

each will fall equal amounts. The banana misses the monkey,
moving over his head as it was originally aimed.
Shoot at the Monkey at a Fast Speed with Gravity On
Since the banana left the muzzle moving very fast, the banana
reaches the monkey before the monkey has fallen very far.
Shoot at the Monkey at a Fast Speed with Gravity On
Since the banana left the muzzle moving very slow, the banana
reaches the monkey after the monkey has fallen considerably far.
In conclusion, the key to the zookeeper's dilemma is to aim
directly at the monkey.

Projectile Motion

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Projectile Motion

Motion In Two Dimensions

2. A basketball player has thrown the ball at an angle of 30.0º

4. A basketball player throws the ball at different angles. At

A. 35.0º B. 45.0º C. 65.0º D. 70.0º

5. A ball is hit at an angle of 30°. Along its path, this

A. just after it was launched

If a freely falling ball is somehow equipped with a

Identify the equation to be used

Displacement (d) in terms of vi , a, t

Final Velocity vf in terms of vi, a, d

Acceleration (a) in terms of vi, vf, t

The motion of a projectile is determined only

The horizontal distance traveled by a projectile is called

The vertical distance traveled by a projectile is called

Maximum range is achieved if the projectile is

1.A package is dropped from a

Solution: dy= viyt + ½ at2

1. A football is kicked at an angle

Projectiles travel with a parabolic trajectory due to

There are no horizontal forces acting upon projectiles

The horizontal velocity of a projectile is constant.

The horizontal motion of a projectile is independent

• 8- Not properly solve the problem, lacking 1 step

• 6- Not properly solve the problem, lacking 2-3 steps

• 4- Write only the correct answer, no solution

• 2- hard to read and understand

Suppose a snowmobile is equipped with a

Suppose an airplane drops a flare while it

Because no force acts on it horizontally.

Because gravity is pulling it downward.

The vertical and horizontal distances are

The zookeeper feeds the monkey by shooting bananas

The zookeeper is faced with the dilemma of where to aim

In the absence of gravity, the banana moves in a straight

The banana moves in a parabolic path in the presence of gravity.

Since both banana and monkey experience the same acceleration

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