Chap # 07 Psychrometry-03

Psychrometry
Process Lines on the Psychrometric Chart

Change of the condition of the entering air to a new condition is
called a Process
Showing these processes on the Psychrometric Chart is very helpful
in
selecting equipment and in analyzing problems
1 - Sensible Heat Changes
Heat is added or removed from the air and the
DB temperature changes → but there is no
change in water vapor content
Heat is added or removed from the air and the
DB temperature changes → but there is no
change in water vapor content
process 1-2 → Sensible Heating

process 3-4 → Sensible Cooling
Psychrometry
2 - Latent Heat Changes (Humidification and Dehumidification)
Adding water vapor to the air is called Humidification

Removal of water vapor from the air is called Dehumidification
Process 1-4 → Humidification, results in an
increase in humidity ratio and
enthalpy
Enthalpy of the air increases due to
the enthalpy of the water vapor

added → Latent Heat Change
Process 1-5 → Dehumidification, removal of
water vapor results in a decrease
in enthalpy
Psychrometry

3 - Combination Sensible Heat and Latent Heat Change
Process 1-6 → Sensible heating and humidification
Process 1-7 → Sensible heating and dehumidification
Process 1-8 → Sensible cooling and humidification
Process 1-9 → Sensible cooling and dehumidification
Generally, DB, W, and enthalpy all change

Sensible and Latent Heat Equations with the aid of the
Psychrometric Chart to determine the amount of heat
and water vapor to be added or removed in the
conditioning equipment and to determine the changes
in properties
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Psychrometry
Sensible Heat Change Process Calculations (Sensible Heating and Cooling)

 Sensible Heat Equation applied to moist air
is:
Qs = 0.24 ma ⨯ TC + 0.45 mw ⨯ TC
Qs = sensible heat added to or removed from air, BTUlhr

ma = weight of air, Ib/hr
mw = weight of water vapor, Ib/hr
TC = t2 – t1 = temperature change, oF (Specific heats of 0.24 for air and 0.45 for
water vapor are used
First term expresses the enthalpy change of the Dry Air and the second term expresses
the Enthalpy Change of the water vapor.
Second Term is often small enough so that it can be neglected
Qs = 0.24 ma ⨯ TC
Example
An electric resistance heater is to be installed in a duct to heat 400 Ib/hr of air from 60-90 F.
What is the required capacity of the heater?
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Psychrometry
Example
An electric resistance heater is to be installed in a duct to heat 400 Ib/hr of air from 60-90 F.
The air entering the heater has RH of 65 % (In Previous Example). How much error was there
in neglecting the term in the sensible heat equation that included the enthalpy change of the
water vapor?
Example
Solve above example using the Psychrometric Chart.
Sensible Heat
Change ⇒ W =
0
Mechanical Engineering Dept. CEME NUST 42

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Psychrometry
Example
Mechanical Engineering Dept. CEME NUST 45

Psychrometry

 The relation between air flow rate expressed in Ib/hr and air flow rate expressed as
ft /min, using standard air conditions, is:
3
ma (lb/hr) = CFM (ft3/min) ⨯60 min/1hr ⨯1 lb/13.3 ft3

⇒ma = 4.5 ⨯CFM
 Substituting this in the sensible heat equation and also assuming a typical average
moisture content of air of 0.01 Ib w./lb d.a. for air conditioning processes:
Qs = 0.24ma ⨯TC + 0.45mw ⨯TC Qs= 1.1 ⨯CFM ⨯TC = 1.1 ⨯CFM⨯(t2-t1)
 This convenient form of the sensible heat equation is commonly used for Moist Air
Calculations In Air-Conditioning
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Psychrometry
Latent Heat Change Process Calculations (Humidifying and Dehumidifying)

 Amount of water vapor added to or removed from air in a humidifying or dehumidifying
process is:
mw = water vapor added or removed, lb w./hr
mw = ma (W2 – W1) ma = air flow rate, Ib/hr
W2 – W1 = change in humidity ratio, lb w./lb d.a.
mw = 4.5 ⨯CFM (W2 – W1) (ma = 4.5 ⨯CFM)
𝑪 𝑭 𝑴 (𝑾 ′ −𝑾 ′
� 𝟐 𝟏
if the humidity ratio is given in gr w./lb d.a., dividing by 7000 gr/lb ⇒ 𝒎 = 𝟏𝟓𝟓𝟔
� )
Latent Heat Change
 Evaporation of water requires

heat heat of vaporization of water at typical air conditioning temperatures
latent is
approximately 1055 BTU/lb
′
𝟐
𝟏
Ql = latent heat change, BTU/hr
W ’ – W ' = humidity ratio change, gr w./lb d.a.
2 1
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Psychrometry
Latent Heat Change Process Calculations (Humidifying and Dehumidifying)
Example
A water humidifier in a warm air heating duct handling 3000 CFM increases the moisture
content of the air from 30 to 60 gr w./lb d.a. Find the amount of heat required for the
humidifier, if the air is at 90 F, by using the psychrometric chart.
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Psychrometry
Combined Sensible and Latent Process Calculations

 In many air conditioning system processes, air undergoes both sensible and
latent heat changes:
Cooling and Dehumidification Process
 Air conditioning for human comfort usually requires a process where both sensible and
latent heat are removed from air-that is, the air is cooled and dehumidified:
Qt = Qs + QL Ql = 𝟎. 𝟔 𝟖 × 𝑪 𝑭 𝑴 ( 𝑾 ′
−𝑾 ′ )
Qs= 1.1 ⨯CFM ⨯TC = 1.1 ⨯CFM⨯(t2-t1) 𝟐 𝟏
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Psychrometry
Combined Sensible and Latent Process Calculations

Example
An air conditioning unit has a cooling coil that cools and dehumidifies 20,000 CFM of air
from 82 F DB and 50% RH to 64 F DB and 61 F WB. Find the sensible, latent, and total
capacity of the cooling coil and the amount of moisture condensed.
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Psychrometry

Process Lines on the Psychrometric Chart

process 1-2 → Sensible Heating

Process Lines on the Psychrometric Chart

2 - Latent Heat Changes (Humidification and Dehumidification)

Adding water vapor to the air is called Humidification

the enthalpy of the water vapor

Process Lines on the Psychrometric Chart

Process 1-6 → Sensible heating and humidification

Process 1-7 → Sensible heating and dehumidification

Process 1-8 → Sensible cooling and humidification

Process 1-9 → Sensible cooling and dehumidification

Generally, DB, W, and enthalpy all change

Sensible Heat Change Process Calculations (Sensible Heating and Cooling)

Qs = sensible heat added to or removed from air, BTUlhr

Sensible Heat Change Process Calculations (Sensible Heating and Cooling)

Mechanical Engineering Dept. CEME NUST 42

Sensible Heat Change Process Calculations (Sensible Heating and Cooling)

Mechanical Engineering Dept. CEME NUST 45

Sensible Heat Change Process Calculations (Sensible Heating and Cooling)

ma (lb/hr) = CFM (ft3/min) ⨯60 min/1hr ⨯1 lb/13.3 ft3

Latent Heat Change Process Calculations (Humidifying and Dehumidifying)

mw = 4.5 ⨯CFM (W2 – W1) (ma = 4.5 ⨯CFM)

Latent Heat Change Process Calculations (Humidifying and Dehumidifying)

Combined Sensible and Latent Process Calculations

Combined Sensible and Latent Process Calculations

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