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Chapter 3

This document provides an overview of different poetry forms, dividing them into closed-form and open-form poetry. Closed-form poetry has regular patterns of meter, rhyme, and stanzas, while open-form poetry is more irregular. Examples of closed-form poetry discussed include the sonnet, villanelle, and blank verse. The sonnet traditionally has 14 lines in a specific rhyme scheme, while the villanelle repeats two rhyming lines. Blank verse is unrhymed iambic pentameter. Open-form examples covered are free verse, visual poetry, and kinetic poetry, with free verse having no set structure and visual/kinetic poetry incorporating graphical elements.

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Asyraf Syahir
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34 views16 pages

Chapter 3

This document provides an overview of different poetry forms, dividing them into closed-form and open-form poetry. Closed-form poetry has regular patterns of meter, rhyme, and stanzas, while open-form poetry is more irregular. Examples of closed-form poetry discussed include the sonnet, villanelle, and blank verse. The sonnet traditionally has 14 lines in a specific rhyme scheme, while the villanelle repeats two rhyming lines. Blank verse is unrhymed iambic pentameter. Open-form examples covered are free verse, visual poetry, and kinetic poetry, with free verse having no set structure and visual/kinetic poetry incorporating graphical elements.

Uploaded by

Asyraf Syahir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 3: Poetry Forms

Asyraf Syahir Mohd Najib


Understanding the Poetic Form
• Definition: The structure or shape; the way its elements fit together to
form a whole poem. It is the design of a poem described in terms of
rhyme, meter, and stanzaic pattern.
• Closed-form poetry is characterized by regular patterns of meter,
rhyme, line length, and stanzaic divisions.
• Open-form poetry is characterized by irregular meter and stanzaic
divisions, varying and breaking of lines in unexpected places, and
abandonment of formal structure.
Sonnet
Overview Closed-
Form Villanelle

Poetry
Forms Blank Haiku
Verse
Visual
Open Form Poetry

Kinetic
Free Verse Poetry
Stanzaic Divisions

Couplet (2-lined) Tercet (3-lined) Quatrain (4-lined) Quintet (5-lined)

Spenserian Stanza
Sestet (6-lined) Septet (7-lined) Octave (8-lined) (9-lined in
ababbcbcc)
Special Stanzas Heroic
Couplet

Spenserian
Terza Rima
Stanza

Ottava Rima Ballad Stanza

Common
Rhyme Royal
measure
Closed-Form Poetry
The Sonnet
• The sonnet is a fourteen-lined poem with common rhyme scheme and
metrical pattern (usually with the theme of love).
• Shakespearean sonnet consists of 3 quatrains and 1 couplet; usually
written in iambic pentameter, with the rhyme scheme of abab cdcd efef
gg.
• Petrarchan sonnet consists of an octave (with the rhyme scheme of
abba abba) and a sestet (with the rhyme scheme of cde cde).
Shakespearean Petrarchan
• 3 Quatrains + 1 couplet = 14 • 1 octave + 1 sestet = 14 lines
lines • Volta comes after the octave
• Volta comes after the third • Rhyme scheme: abbaabba
quatrain cdcdcd
• Rhyme scheme: abab cdcd efef • Dominantly in iambic
gg pentameter
• Dominantly in iambic
pentameter
The Villanelle
• First introduced in France during the Middle Ages.
• It is a nineteen-lined poem composed of 5 tercets and a concluding
quatrain; with the rhyme scheme of aba aba aba aba aba abaa.
• Line 1 will reappear in lines 6, 12, and 18.
• Line 3 will reappear in lines 9, 15, and 19.
Haiku
• A brief unrhymed poem that presents the essence of nature.
• It uses vivid imageries.
• Classical haiku will adhere to strict 17 syllables – 5/7/5.
Blank Verse
• Typically known as the unrhymed iambic pentameter (but it may also
be written in other metrical patterns).
• It has no number of fixed line.
• It has similarities to normal speech; but pays attention to formal
rhythmical pattern that creates grandiose musical effects.
Open-Form Poetry
Free Verse
• Adopted from the French vers libre.
• Does not have regular rhyme/metre/or stanzaic patterns.
• Employs the rhythm of natural speech (usually manipulates
accents/metre and cadence).
Visual/Concrete Poetry
• Verse that emphasizes non-linguistic elements in its meaning, such as a
typography that creates a visual image of the topic.
• Also extends to the use of letter fragments, punctuation marks,
graphemes (letters), morphemes (any meaningful linguistic unit),
syllables, words (usually used in a graphic rather than denotative
sense), and graphic spaces to form an evocative picture.
• Bridges visual arts and poetry.
Kinetic Poetry
• The moving version of concrete poetry.
• Usually highly interactive.
End of Meeting

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