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Carbonate Acidizing

The document discusses matrix acidizing in carbonate formations. It covers topics like wormholing efficiency, the effects of surface reaction rate, diffusion rate, and injection rate on wormholing. The optimal injection rate can be determined through core flow tests, with high rates producing more efficient wormholing. Placement is important in heterogeneous formations, and diversion techniques like in-situ crosslinking can be used.

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Mustafa Abdel-Wahab
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87 views

Carbonate Acidizing

The document discusses matrix acidizing in carbonate formations. It covers topics like wormholing efficiency, the effects of surface reaction rate, diffusion rate, and injection rate on wormholing. The optimal injection rate can be determined through core flow tests, with high rates producing more efficient wormholing. Placement is important in heterogeneous formations, and diversion techniques like in-situ crosslinking can be used.

Uploaded by

Mustafa Abdel-Wahab
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Matrix Acidizing in

Carbonate Formations

Marten Buijse - IMPACT Team


Damage Bypass and Wormholing

damage

• Wormhole Length: 0.01 - 2 meter


• Negative skin of -3 possible
Marten Buijse - IMPACT Team
Wormholing Efficiency

• Surface Reaction Rate What Acid ??

• Diffusion Rate Plain, Viscosified,


Emulsified ??

• Injection Rate What Pump Rate ??

Marten Buijse - IMPACT Team


Wormhole Efficiency and
Acid Spending Rate
CaCO3
H+ Ca2+
CO2
Diffusion

Surface reaction
2H+ + CaCO3 => Ca2+ + H2O + CO2

Wormholing only occurs when


Acid Spending Rate is Diffusion Controlled
Marten Buijse - IMPACT Team
Surface Reaction Rate and Diffusion Rate
Surface Reaction Rate Diffusion Rate
Compact
HIGH HIGH Dissolution
HCl plain HCl (avoid)
High T
LOW
Wormholing
HIGH viscosified acid
OK
emulsified acid
LOW Uniform
Organic Acids HIGH Dissolution
Low Temp (inefficient)

LOW LOW Unusual


Marten Buijse - IMPACT Team
Injection Rate

LOW Compact dissolution


No skin reduction

OPTIMUM Deep wormhole penetration

HIGH Less efficient wormholing

Not known how to calculate optimum rate.


Best recommendation: Pump at maximum rate

Marten Buijse - IMPACT Team


Optimum Injection Rate in Core Flow Tests

from: Fredd, et. al., SPE 31074


Marten Buijse - IMPACT Team
Core Flow Test Results
Core entrance after 15% HCl flow

Marten Buijse - IMPACT Team


Wormhole Efficiency and
Acid Injection Rate
formation formation
radial fill

wellbore wellbore

Low Rate HCl High Rate HCl


compact dissolution
no wormholes efficient wormholing
no skin decrease skin decrease
Marten Buijse - IMPACT Team
Effect of Injection Rate in Core Flow Tests
Low Q Optimum Q High Q
compact dissolution few wormholes uniform dissolution

from: Fredd, et. al., SPE 31074

Marten Buijse - IMPACT Team


Acid Placement in Heterogeneous
Formations
High Skin Thief Low Skin
Plain HCl Zone
< 1 cp

High Skin Thief Low Skin


Emulsified HCl Zone
> 20 cp

Marten Buijse - IMPACT Team


Diversion with
In-Situ Crosslinked Acid

Marten Buijse - IMPACT Team


Carbonate Acidizing
Design Considerations
• Hydrochloric acid
– plain medium T, high rate
– viscosified medium T, low rate
– emulsified high T, low rate
• Organic acid high T, less corrosion
• Volume determines wormhole length
• Pump rate High rate most efficient
• Placement and Diversion
Marten Buijse - IMPACT Team

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