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    Lecture Five - Paris

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    Maloba Wanga
    The document discusses urban planning in Paris, France and Washington D.C., United States. [1] Baron Haussmann carried out a massive urban renewal project in Paris in the 1850s and 1860s that involved demolishing medieval neighborhoods, constructing wide boulevards and public parks, and modernizing infrastructure, though this displaced many residents. [2] Pierre L'Enfant designed the plan for Washington D.C. based on principles from Versailles with long radial avenues meeting at key monuments and buildings to symbolize power emanating from the central government. [3] The original plan for Savannah, Georgia from 1733 included a grid pattern with public squares designed by James Oglethorpe to create a walk

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    Lecture Five - Paris

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    Maloba Wanga
    28 views18 pages
    The document discusses urban planning in Paris, France and Washington D.C., United States. [1] Baron Haussmann carried out a massive urban renewal project in Paris in the 1850s and 1860s that involved demolishing medieval neighborhoods, constructing wide boulevards and public parks, and modernizing infrastructure, though this displaced many residents. [2] Pierre L'Enfant designed the plan for Washington D.C. based on principles from Versailles with long radial avenues meeting at key monuments and buildings to symbolize power emanating from the central government. [3] The original plan for Savannah, Georgia from 1733 included a grid pattern with public squares designed by James Oglethorpe to create a walk

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    The document discusses urban planning in Paris, France and Washington D.C., United States. [1] Baron Haussmann carried out a massive urban renewal project in Paris in the 1850s and 1860s that involved demolishing medieval neighborhoods, constructing wide boulevards and public parks, and modernizing infrastructure, though this displaced many residents. [2] Pierre L'Enfant designed the plan for Washington D.C. based on principles from Versailles with long radial avenues meeting at key monuments and buildings to symbolize power emanating from the central government. [3] The original plan for Savannah, Georgia from 1733 included a grid pattern with public squares designed by James Oglethorpe to create a walk

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    28 views18 pages

    Lecture Five - Paris

    Uploaded by

    Maloba Wanga
    The document discusses urban planning in Paris, France and Washington D.C., United States. [1] Baron Haussmann carried out a massive urban renewal project in Paris in the 1850s and 1860s that involved demolishing medieval neighborhoods, constructing wide boulevards and public parks, and modernizing infrastructure, though this displaced many residents. [2] Pierre L'Enfant designed the plan for Washington D.C. based on principles from Versailles with long radial avenues meeting at key monuments and buildings to symbolize power emanating from the central government. [3] The original plan for Savannah, Georgia from 1733 included a grid pattern with public squares designed by James Oglethorpe to create a walk

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    JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE

    AND TECHNOLOGY
    DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE

    URBAN STUDIES
    LECTURE 05
    EUROPEAN/AMERICAN URBAN
    SETTLEMENTS
    –Baron George Eugene
    PARIS Hausmannbecame prefect of
    • Background
    •
    Seine in 1853. Emperor
    –Mid 19thCen. central Paris
    overcrowded, dark, dangerous, Napoleon III showed him the
    unhealthy, poor traffic circulation, map of Paris and instructed
    armed uprisings; Haussmann to aérer, unifier, et
    • –In 1833, prefect of the Seine
    constructed new sewers, though
    embellir Paris: to give it air and
    still emptied into the Seine, and open space, to connect and
    better water supply system. unify the different parts of the
    Constructed 180 kms of sidewalks, a
    new street.
    city into one whole, and to
    • –Wanted more but budget and make it more beautiful.
    powers were limited. No power to –Hausmann[1809-1891] was a
    easily expropriate property to build French civic planner who is
    new streets; first law which
    required minimum health standards associated with the rebuilding
    for Paris residential buildings passed of Paris.
    in 1850.
    • –Hausmannstarted with the
    grand croiséede Paris, a
    great cross in the centre of
    Paris for easier E-W
    movement along the rue de
    Rivoliand rue Saint-Antoine,
    and N-S along two new
    Boulevards;

    • –Completion of Rue de
    Rivolitop priority -Emperor
    wanted it finished before
    opening of the Paris
    Universal Exposition of
    1855.
    Duede Rivoli, 1855: 1stBoulevard by
    Haussmann
    • –Under the Emperor,
    Haussmann had greater
    power than predecessors.
    1851 French Senate had
    simplified the laws on
    expropriation, giving him
    authority to expropriate all
    the land on either side of a
    new street;
    • –Pereire brothers organised
    a company to raise money
    to finance construction of Boulevards& Streets by Napoleon III &
    Haussmann in red. Also built smaller parks &
    streets, in exchange for squares
    rights to develop real estate
    along route = model for
    development of all
    Haussmann's future
    boulevards;
    • -Haussmann begins
    work with the
    Croiséede Paris (1853–
    59);-2ndphase -a
    network of new
    boulevards (1859–
    1867);
    • –Annexation of 1860-
    Paris is enlarged to its
    modern boundaries
    (annexed suburbs);
    • –3rdphase –with
    The Îlede la Cité transformed by Haussmann: mounting criticism
    new transverse streets (red), public spaces
    (light blue) and buildings (dark blue).
    (1869–1870).
    • Haussmann was indicted for mishandling public
    funds in 1867. Moreover, Haussmann was blamed
    for:
    – the social disruption caused by his gigantic building
    projects. 1000s of families/businesses had to relocate
    when buildings were demolished for construction of
    boulevards.
    – dramatic increase in rents during while wages (except
    of construction workers) remained flat;
    – Speculation in the real estate market.
    – Reducing housing available for low income families,
    forcing low-income Parisians to move from the centre
    to the outer neighbourhoods of the city, where rents
    were lower.
    WASHINGTON DC
    • –Pierre L'Enfant [1754-1852]
    French architect & engineer
    responsible for the design of
    Washington, D.C.
    • –City plan based on Baroque or
    “Grand Manner” principles
    employed in the palace and
    garden of Versailles.
    • –Through the use of long
    avenues joined at key points
    marked by important buildings
    or monuments, the U.S. capital
    city is a symbolic representation
    of power radiating from a
    central source.
    SAVANNAH, GA
    • –Est. 1733
    • –Historic Preservation;
    Old & New.
    • –Original town plan by
    J. Oglethorpe; GA
    debtor colony;
    • –(Military) Grid Pattern;
    public park-like squares
    (22);
    River Street: commercial & residential; historic & modern; walk-ability &
    compactness.

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