Arun PPT Final 2

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE, DEVAGIRI

HAVERI – 581110
2022-2023
Mini Project presentation

On
“Hydrodynamics of high-porosity metal foam: Effect of pore density”
Under the guidance of
Dr. BANJARA KOTRESHA
Associated by
ABHISHEK S KALI 2GO21ME400
AMAR S SUTAR 2GO21ME401
ARUN S ANGADI 2GO21ME402
ASHIF HOSAMANI 2GO21ME403
CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 HEAT TRANSFER
 COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS (CFD)
 PROPERTIES OF METAL FOAM
 APPLICATIONS OF METAL FOAM
 MATHEMATICAL MODEL
 NUMERICAL MODEL DETAILS
 RESULTS
 REFERENCE
INTRODUCTION
• Metal foams are cellular structures made with metal rather than polymers.
• In electronics they can be used as heat sinks
• Metal foams most are made from aluminium although steel can also be used
• Open-cell metal foam can be manufactured from several metals and alloys.
• Understanding various flow regimes in metal foam, transition from one to
another, and the associated pressure drop, are of direct engineering interest.
• Open-cell metal foam has a couple
of attributes that distinguish it from
customary porous media:
(a) It has a high porosity
(b) It has a web-like internal structure with
thin solid ligaments surrounding a Fig.1
relatively large cell.
HEAT TRANSFER
• Heat transfer is the transfer of energy from one substance to the other due
to temperature difference between the two bodies or in other words heat
transfer describes the flow of heat (thermal energy) due to temperature
difference and the subsequent temperature distribution and changes
1. Conduction
2. Convection
3. Radiation
COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS (CFD)

• Computational fluid dynamics is a method used to describe a way of
modelling fluids using algorithms and numerical methods
Advantages of CFD
• Relatively low cost.
• Speed (CFD simulation can be executed in a short period of time).
• Ability to simulate real condition.
Disadvantages of CFD
• The CFD solutions can only be as accurate as the physical model on which they
are based
• As with physical models, the accurate of the CFD solution is only as good as the
initial/boundary conditions provided to the numerical model
Applications of CFD
CFD can be applied in various applications which involve fluid flow. The important
applications of CFD are listed below.
1.Aerodynamics and aerospace analysis
2.Simulation of electronics cooling with CFD
3.Industrial system design and analysis
4.Weather simulation
5.Natural science and environmental engineering
6.Biological engineering
7.Engine combustion analysis
8.Simulating reacting flows and combustion with CFD
PROPERTIES OF METAL FOAM
•It has a high fluid permeability, almost all pores connected, the specific surface
area of the pores is large, and the bulk density of the material is small.
•Compared with the general sintered porous metal, the metal material containing
foamed pores has a higher porosity and a larger pore size, up to 7 mm.
•Ultra light material (75-95%) of the volume consist of void spaces)
•Very high porosity
•High compression strength combined with good energy absorption
characteristics.
•Thermal conductivity is depend on material properties
•High strength
APPLICATIONS OF METAL FOAM
• Structural and aerospace industries, where closed-cell foams are used for load-
bearing features, weight-saving, and impact-absorbing structures in vehicles.
• Biomedical applications, where steel, cobalt–chromium, titanium, copper, and
foams are popular for implants and tissue engineering.
• Construction, where metal foam is needed to make light, hard, and fire-resistant
elements, railings, or supports for these things.
• Elevators, where the lightweight structure of foamed metal has both energy
absorption and bearing characteristics to reduce energy consumption.
• Engineering structures such as aircraft fuselages and offshore oil rigs
MATHEMATICAL MODEL
• The pressure drop across the foam sample was too low to accurately measure
using the diaphragms of the differential pressure sensor.
• In order to comfortably measure the pressure drop, a known resistance was added
in series with the foam.
• The resistance was a packed cylinder of 1-mm stainless steel spheres, Fig. 2. The
packed bed had the same dimensions as the foam cylinder and had been known to
provide relatively high pressure drop that can be easily and accurately captured
using the sensors and diaphragms.
NUMERICAL MODEL DETAILS
Fig.3 Front view and Top view

• Each was made form an aluminum alloy pipe having an diameter of 32 mm,
and a length of 325 mm.
• The 10-ppi-foam test section was connected to two 32-mm diameter 200-mm-
long Polyethylene tubes at its two ends using specially-designed flanges.
• The outlets of the Polyethylene tubes were connected to stainless steel pipes
32 mm in diameter and 110 cm in length.
PROCEDURE
• GAMBIT is used for pre-processing operation (which is required before starting of
solution) of fluid flow problem which includes the following operations:
• Geometry creation (specifies the domain of fluid flow problem). It can even model
1D, 2D and 3D domain.
• Mesh generation (discretization of the domain to solve governing equations at each
cell) which allows solving every governing equation at each node created in a mesh.
• Specifying the boundary zones (name & type) to apply boundary conditions for the
problem. One needs to be very careful in choosing boundary conditions as this will
decide the nature and behavior of any physical phenomena associated with the
problem at hand.
• GAMBIT export the file containing all the data related to pre-processing.
Gambit Model
Zoom
portion
Fig.4
GRID SENSITIVITY ANALYSYS
 Grid Sensitivity refers to all CFD computations. This means that a

computer run is with finer and finer girds until the results at all points in
space do not change anymore.
Deviation
Pressure drop Velocity max
Cells
[m/s]
42800 1.719 0.1081 0.1223 1.1225
118400 1.715 0.1070 0.064 0.0935
141300 1.716 0.1069 Base line Base Line

COUNTER PLOTS
Velocity and Pressure distribution all over the domain for velocity of 0.05 m/s is shown in
Fig.5.
Fig.5 pressure and velocity counter’s

REFERENCE
[1] N. Dukhan Metal Foam: Fundamentals and Applications,
DES Tech, Lancaster, PA, 2013, p. xiv.
[2] A. Dybbs, R.V. Edwards A new look at porous media fluid mechanics –
Darcy to turbulent, in Fundamentals of Transport Phenomena in
Porous Media, in: J. Bear, M.Y. (Eds.), Corapciolu, Martinus Nijhoff
Publishers, NATO ASI Series, Series E. The Hague, 1984.
[3] R.M. Fand, B.Y.Y. Kim, A.C.C. Lam, R.T. Phan [3] Resistance to the
flow of fluids through simple and complex porous media whose matrices are
composed of randomly packed spheres, J. Fluids Eng. 109 (1987) 268–
273.
THANK YOU

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DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE, DEVAGIRI

Mini Project presentation

COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS (CFD)

Fig.3 Front view and Top view

 Grid Sensitivity refers to all CFD computations. This means that a

42800 1.719 0.1081 0.1223 1.1225

118400 1.715 0.1070 0.064 0.0935

141300 1.716 0.1069 Base line Base Line

Fig.5 pressure and velocity counter’s

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