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    Cocomo 1

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    Lydia
    The COCOMO model uses regression formulas to estimate software development effort, schedule, staffing, and productivity based on project size (KLOC or KDSI) and characteristics. It consists of Basic, Intermediate, and Detailed forms with increasing accuracy. The Basic form estimates effort as a function of size, while Intermediate and Detailed forms incorporate additional cost drivers like product attributes, personnel skills, and project schedule. Effort and schedule equations differ for organic, semi-detached, and embedded project classes.

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    Cocomo 1

    Uploaded by

    Lydia
    23 views14 pages
    The COCOMO model uses regression formulas to estimate software development effort, schedule, staffing, and productivity based on project size (KLOC or KDSI) and characteristics. It consists of Basic, Intermediate, and Detailed forms with increasing accuracy. The Basic form estimates effort as a function of size, while Intermediate and Detailed forms incorporate additional cost drivers like product attributes, personnel skills, and project schedule. Effort and schedule equations differ for organic, semi-detached, and embedded project classes.

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    COCOMO-1

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    The COCOMO model uses regression formulas to estimate software development effort, schedule, staffing, and productivity based on project size (KLOC or KDSI) and characteristics. It consists of Basic, Intermediate, and Detailed forms with increasing accuracy. The Basic form estimates effort as a function of size, while Intermediate and Detailed forms incorporate additional cost drivers like product attributes, personnel skills, and project schedule. Effort and schedule equations differ for organic, semi-detached, and embedded project classes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    23 views14 pages

    Cocomo 1

    Uploaded by

    Lydia
    The COCOMO model uses regression formulas to estimate software development effort, schedule, staffing, and productivity based on project size (KLOC or KDSI) and characteristics. It consists of Basic, Intermediate, and Detailed forms with increasing accuracy. The Basic form estimates effort as a function of size, while Intermediate and Detailed forms incorporate additional cost drivers like product attributes, personnel skills, and project schedule. Effort and schedule equations differ for organic, semi-detached, and embedded project classes.

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    COCOMO MODEL

    What is COCOMO?

     The Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO) is an


    algorithmic software cost estimation model
    developed by Barry Boehm 1981.
     The model uses a basic regression formula, with
    parameters that are derived from historical project
    data and current project characteristics.
    …cntd
     Basic COCOMO computes software development
    effort (and cost) as a function of program size.
    Program size is expressed in estimated thousands
    of lines of code (KLOC).

     COCOMO applies to three classes of software


    projects:
    Classes of Software

     Organic projects - "small" teams with "good" experience


    working with "less than rigid" requirements
     Semi-detached projects - "medium" teams with mixed
    experience working with a mix of rigid and less than rigid
    requirements
     Embedded projects - developed within a set of "tight"
    constraints (hardware, software, operational, ...)
    Forms/Modes of COCOMO

     COCOMO consists of a hierarchy of three


    increasingly detailed and accurate forms.
     Basic COCOMO
     Intermediate COCOMO
     Detailed COCOMO
    Basic COCOMO

     The first level, Basic COCOMO is good for quick,


    early, rough order of magnitude estimates of
    software costs, but its accuracy is limited due to its
    lack of factors to account for difference in project
    attributes (Cost Drivers).
    Intermediate COCOMO

     Intermediate COCOMO takes these Cost Drivers


    into account.
     Product attributes
     Hardware attributes
     Personnel attributes and
     Project attributes
     Product attributes
     Required software reliability extent

     Size of application database

     Complexity of the product

     Hardware attributes
     Run-time performance constraints

     Memory constraints

     Volatility of the virtual machine environment

     Required turnabout time


     Personnel attributes
     Analyst capability

     Software engineering capability

     Applications experience

     Virtual machine experience

     Programming language experience

     Project attributes
     Use of software tools

     Application of software engineering methods

     Required development schedule


    Detailed COCOMO
     Detailed COCOMO additionally accounts for the influence of
    individual project phases.

     It incorporates all characteristics of the intermediate version with an


    assessment of the cost driver's impact on each step (analysis, design,
    etc.) of the software engineering process .

     The detailed model uses different efforts multipliers. For each cost
    drivers attribute these phase sensitive effort multipliers are each to
    determine the amount of effort required to complete each phase.
    Basic Equations
     The basic COCOMO equations take the form

    E = ab(KLOC)bb ……………...…………....man-months
    TDev = cb(E)db ………………………………… months
    People required = E / TDev .....................................count
    E: Effort applied
    TDev: Development time
    People required or average staffing
    KLOC or KDSI

     The coefficients ab, bb, cb and db are given in the following


    table.
    Coefficients for the three classes of
    software

    Software Project ab bb cb db
    Organic 2.4 1.05 2.5 0.38
    Semi-detached 3.0 1.12 2.5 0.35
    Embeded 3.6 1.20 2.5 0.32
    …ctd

    Mode Effort Schedule

    1.05 0.38
    Organic E=2.4*(KDSI) TDEV=2.5*(E)

    1.12 0.35
    Semidetached E=3.0*(KDSI) TDEV=2.5*(E)

    1.20 0.32
    Embedded E=3.6*(KDSI) TDEV=2.5*(E)
    Example
    We have determined our project fits the characteristics of Semi
    Detached mode. We estimate our project will have 32,000 Delivered
    Source Instructions. Using the formulas, we can estimate:
     Effort = 3.0*(32) 1.12 = 146 man-months
     Schedule or TDEV = 2.5*(146) 0.35 = 14 months
     Average Staffing = 146 MM /14 months
    = 10 Men
     Productivity = 32,000 DSI / 146 MM
    = 219 DSI/MM

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