MACHINE LEARNING: OBJECTIVE

• Explanation of machine learning

• Importance of machine learning
Types of machine learning
Supervised Learning
Unsupervised Learning
Reinforcement Learning
Deep Learning
• Model Selection and Evaluation
• Training and testing data
• Performance measures
• Applications of Machine Learning
• Challenges and Future Directions
• Machine learning is a subfield of artificial intelligence that involves developing algorithms and statistical
models that enable computer systems to learn from data, without being explicitly programmed.
• It is a way of teaching machines to identify patterns in data and make predictions or decisions based on
those patterns.
• In traditional programming, a developer writes a set of rules and instructions for a computer to follow.
• In machine learning, the computer system is given data and then learns to recognize patterns and
relationships in that data.
• The system can then apply what it has learned to new, unseen data to make predictions or decisions.
• There are three main types of machine learning:
1 supervised learning,
2. unsupervised learning, and
3. reinforcement learning.
Supervised learning,
• System is trained on labeled data, meaning that the desired output is known for each input.
Unsupervised learning,
• The system is trained on unlabeled data, meaning that the desired output is not known.
Reinforcement learning,
The system learns by receiving feedback in the form of rewards or penalties for certain
actions.
Machine learning has become increasingly important in recent years due to the following reasons:
• Handling complex data: Machine learning can handle complex data, including large datasets with
multiple variables, which would be difficult or impossible to analyze using traditional statistical
methods.
• Automation: Machine learning can automate many tasks that would otherwise require manual effort,
such as image and speech recognition, natural language processing, and decision-making.
• Personalization: Machine learning can be used to personalize experiences for individual users based on
their past behaviors and preferences, such as personalized product recommendations on e-commerce
websites or personalized news feeds on social media.
• Efficiency: Machine learning algorithms can learn to optimize processes and reduce
costs, leading to increased efficiency in many industries.
• Predictive analytics: Machine learning can be used for predictive analytics, enabling
organizations to make better-informed decisions based on trends and patterns in their
data.
• Innovation: Machine learning can help to drive innovation by enabling the creation
of new products and services, such as virtual assistants, self-driving cars, and
intelligent medical devices.
SUPERVISED LEARNING

• Supervised learning is a type of machine learning where the machine is

trained on labeled data, meaning that the desired output is known for each
input.
• The algorithm is provided with both input and output data, and its goal is to
learn a mapping function from the input to the output.
• The objective of supervised learning is to develop a model that can make
accurate predictions for new, unseen data.
• Supervised learning can be divided into two categories: classification and regression.
• Classification: In classification, the output variable is categorical.
• The goal of the algorithm is to learn a decision boundary that separates different classes in
the data.
• Examples of classification problems include email spam detection, image classification,
and sentiment analysis.
• Some common classification algorithms include decision trees, logistic regression, and
support vector machines (SVMs).
• Regression: In regression, the output variable is continuous.
• The goal of the algorithm is to learn a function that predicts the output value
based on the input variables.
• Examples of regression problems include predicting house prices, stock
prices, and customer churn rates.
• Some common regression algorithms include linear regression, random
forests, and neural networks.
• Supervised learning algorithms work by first training the model on a labeled dataset, where
the inputs and their corresponding outputs are known.
• The model then uses this training data to learn the patterns and relationships in the data.
• Once the model is trained, it can be used to make predictions for new, unseen data.
• Supervised learning has a wide range of applications, including medical diagnosis, fraud
detection, and personalized recommendations.
• It is a powerful tool for making predictions and decisions based on data, and it is widely
used in industry and academia.
• There are various supervised learning algorithms that can be used for classification and
regression tasks. Some examples of popular supervised learning algorithms are:
• Linear Regression: A simple regression algorithm used for predicting continuous output
variables.
• Logistic Regression: A classification algorithm used for predicting binary or multi-class outputs.
• Decision Trees: A tree-based algorithm used for both classification and regression tasks.
• Random Forest: A decision tree-based algorithm that uses a combination of multiple decision
trees to improve accuracy.
• Support Vector Machines (SVMs): A classification algorithm that tries to find a hyperplane that
best separates the data into different classes.
• Naive Bayes: A probabilistic classification algorithm based on Bayes' theorem.
• K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN): A classification algorithm that makes predictions based on the k-
nearest data points in the training set.
• Neural Networks: A complex algorithm that learns to recognize patterns in data by simulating the
behavior of neurons in the human brain.
• Gradient Boosting: A decision tree-based algorithm that combines multiple weak models to create a
more accurate ensemble model.
• Supervised learning has several advantages and disadvantages, as outlined below:
• Advantages:
• Accurate Predictions: Supervised learning algorithms can make accurate predictions on new,
unseen data, making them useful for a wide range of applications.
• Easy to Understand and Implement: Supervised learning algorithms are generally easy to
understand and implement, even for non-experts.
• Interpretable Results: Some supervised learning algorithms, such as decision trees, provide
interpretable results that can help users understand how the algorithm is making predictions.
• Efficient Use of Data: Supervised learning algorithms can make efficient use of
available data by learning patterns and relationships in the data.
• Flexibility: Supervised learning algorithms can be adapted to different types of
problems by using different types of algorithms, models, and techniques.
Disadvantages:
• Dependency on Labeled Data: Supervised learning algorithms require labeled
data for training, which can be expensive and time-consuming to obtain.
• Overfitting: Supervised learning algorithms can sometimes overfit to the training data, meaning they become
too specialized to the training data and perform poorly on new, unseen data.
• Bias: Supervised learning algorithms can be biased if the training data is not representative of the true
population or if the model has built-in biases.
• Limited Generalization: Supervised learning algorithms can only generalize to new data within the same range
as the training data. If the training data is not diverse enough, the algorithm may not generalize well to new,
unseen data.
• Scalability: Supervised learning algorithms can be computationally expensive and time-consuming to train on
large datasets, especially deep neural networks.
• Overall, supervised learning is a powerful tool for making accurate predict
HOW TO READ A CSV FILE (DATAFRAME)
USING THE SHAPE METHOD
USING THE DESCRIBE METHOD
USE OF THE VALUE METHOD
STEPS TO BE FOLLOWED WHEN
DEVELOPING A MACHINE LEARNING
PROJECT.
PROBLEM

• Assuming that we have an online music store, on registration the users are
requested to enter their gender and age. Based on their profile our model
must be able to recommend the music they are likely to purchase. This model
is meant to increase sales for our online shop.
1. IMPORT DATA
CLEANING DATA

• Nothing to clean in this data set because we don’t have duplicates

3 SPLITTING DATA (DROPPED GENRE)
SELECTED GENRE
BUILDING A MODEL USING MACHINE
LEARNING MODEL, TRAINING THE MODEL
PREDICTION

• Predict the genre a 21 year male may purchase

• Predict the genre a 23 year old female may purchase
MEASURING THE ACCURACY OF A MODEL
(CNTL ENTER TO CHECK THE CHANGES )