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Polynomial Curving

This document discusses polynomial curve fitting, which involves finding a polynomial function of degree n-1 that passes through n given data points. To determine the coefficients of the polynomial, n linear equations are set up by substituting the x-values of each point into the polynomial function and equating it to the corresponding y-value. Three examples are provided that demonstrate setting up and solving systems of linear equations to find the polynomial that fits various sets of data points. Activities at the end ask the reader to determine polynomials for additional sets of points.

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55 views24 pages

Polynomial Curving

This document discusses polynomial curve fitting, which involves finding a polynomial function of degree n-1 that passes through n given data points. To determine the coefficients of the polynomial, n linear equations are set up by substituting the x-values of each point into the polynomial function and equating it to the corresponding y-value. Three examples are provided that demonstrate setting up and solving systems of linear equations to find the polynomial that fits various sets of data points. Activities at the end ask the reader to determine polynomials for additional sets of points.

Uploaded by

Luffy D. Browns
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Applications of

Systems of Linear
Equations
Polynomial Curve Fitting
Suppose a collection of data is represented by n
points in the xy-plane,
(x1, y1), (x2, y2), . . . , (xn, yn)
And you are asked to find a polynomial function of
degree n – 1
p(x) = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + . . . + an-1xn-1
whose graph passes through the specified points.
This procedure is called polynomial curve fitting. If
all x-coordinates of the points are distinct, then
there is precisely one polynomial function of degree
n-1 (or less) that fits the n points, as shown in
Figure 1.4
Polynomial Curve Fitting
To solve for the n coefficients of p(x), substitute each of the n points into the
polynomial function and obtain n linear equations in n variables a0, a1, a2, . . . , an-1.
a0 + a1x1 + a2 x12 + . . . + an-1 x1n-1 = y1
a0 + a1x2 + a2 x22 + . . . + an-1 x2n-1 = y2
.
.
.
a0 + a1xn + a2 xn2 + . . . + an-1 xnn-1 = yn
Polynomial Curve Fitting
Example 1.
Determine the polynomial p(x) = a0 + a1x + a2x2 whose graph
passes through points (1, 4), (2, 0), and (3, 12).
Example 1.
Determine the polynomial p(x) = a0 + a1x + a2x2 whose graph
passes through points (1, 4), (2, 0), and (3, 12).
Solution:
Substituting x = 1, 2, and 3 into p(x) and equating the results
to the respective y-values produces the system of linear
equations in the variables a0, a1, and a2 shown below.

p(x) = a0 + a1(1) + a2 (1)2 = a0 + a1+ a2 = 4


p(x) = a0 + a1(2) + a2 (2)2 = a0 + 2a1+ 4a2 = 0
p(x) = a0 + a1(3) + a2 (3)2 = a0 + 3a1+ 9a2 = 12
Solving the system of linear equations using elimination, we have
a0 + a1+ a2 = 4 (1)
a0 + 2a1+ 4a2 = 0 (2)
a0 + 3a1+ 9a2 = 12 (3)
Polynomial Curve Fitting
Example 2.
Determine the polynomial function whose graph passes
through the given points. Sketch the graph of the
polynomial function, showing the given points.
(2, 4), (3, 6), (5, 10)
Example 2.
Determine the polynomial function whose graph passes through the given
points. Sketch the graph of the polynomial function, showing the given
points. (2, 4), (3, 6), (5, 10)
Solution:
Substituting x = 2, 3, and 5 into p(x) and equating the results
to the respective y-values produces the system of linear
equations in the variables a0, a1, and a2 shown below.

p(x) = a0 + a1(2) + a2 (2)2 = a0 + 2a1+ 4a2 = 4


p(x) = a0 + a1(3) + a2 (3)2 = a0 + 3a1+ 9a2 = 6
p(x) = a0 + a1(5) + a2 (5)2 = a0 + 5a1+ 25a2 = 10
Polynomial Curve Fitting
Example 3.
Determine the polynomial function whose graph passes
through the given points. Sketch the graph of the
polynomial function, showing the given points.
(2006, 5), (2007, 7), (2008, 12) (z = x -2007)
Example 3.
Determine the polynomial function whose graph passes through the given
points. Sketch the graph of the polynomial function, showing the given
points. (2006, 5), (2007, 7), (2008, 12) (z = x -2007)
Polynomial Curve Fitting
ACTIVITY
1. Determine the polynomial function whose graph passes
through the given points. Sketch the graph of the
polynomial function, showing the given points.
(2, 5), (3,2), (4, 5)
2. Determine the polynomial function whose graph passes
through the given points. Sketch the graph of the
polynomial function, showing the given points.
(2, 4), (3, 6), (5, 10)
Polynomial Curve Fitting
ACTIVITY
3. Determine the polynomial function whose graph passes
through the given points. Sketch the graph of the
polynomial function, showing the given points.
(2006, 5), (2007, 7), (2008, 12) (z = x - 2007)

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