HSPA BASIC

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Document Number: RK/CT/3/2010
This manual prepared by: MobileComm Technologies

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HSPA Motivations
3G Enables Wider Options of Services
3G Enables Advanced Data Services
HSPA for Higher Speed
What are the requirements for HSPA?

• Data Rate
– Demand for higher peak data rates
• Delay
– Lower latency
• Capacity
– Better capacity and throughput
– Better spectrum efficiency
– Finer resource granularity
• Coverage
– Better coverage for higher data rate
UMTS Data Rate Evolution

Uplink Peak Data Rate (Typical Downlink Peak Data Rate

Deployment) (Typical Deployment)
GSM 9.6 kbps 9.6 kbps
GPRS 20 kbps 40 kbps
EDGE 60 kbps 120 kbps
WCDMA Release 99 64 kbps 384 kbps
HSDPA - Release 5 384 kbps 10 Mbps*

HSUPA - Release 6 1.4 Mbps (early deployment) 10 Mbps

Applications Benefiting from HSPA
Voice-over-IP (VoIP)
Delay - Low latency, Quality of Service (QoS) control, fine resource
Sensitive granularity and improved capacity

– Error Video Telephony (in Packet Switched domain)

Tolerant - Low latency, Quality of Service (QoS) control, high data rates and
improved coverage and capacity
Gaming
-Low latency, fast resource allocation

Delay
Video Share / Picture Share
Tolerant
- High Uplink data rates and improved coverage and capacity
– Error
File Uploading (large files)
Sensitive
- High Uplink data rates and improved coverage and capacity
UMTS Evolution / 3GPP Releases

• HSDPA (14 Mbps) HSUPA (5.76 Mbps)

• Bearer independent • IMS Phase 1 IMS Phase 2
• CS CN • W-AMR WLAN-Interworking
matured GSM/GPRS CN • CAMEL Phase 4 • enhanced MBMS
• UTRA FDD repeater • Location Services Push-services
+ UTRAN
• low chip rate TDD mode • 1800/1900 MHz
+ WCDMA Air Interface Release 6
up to 384 kbps (2 Mbps) Release 5 Release 5
Release 4 Release 4 Release 4
Release 99 Release 99 Release 99 Release 99

1999 2001 2002/03 2005 Year

HSPA Motivation and General Principle
Improved performance and spectral efficiency in DL and UL by introducing a
shared channel principle:
– Significant enhancement with peak rates up to 14.4 Mbps in DL, and 2 Mbps in UL
– Huge capacity increase per site; no site pre-planning necessary
– Improved end user experience: reduced delay/latency, high response time

-A
C H
D -B
C H C
D -
H
DC
-A
H
-DC
E
Rel. 99 -B
H
Dedicated pipe for every UE DC
E-

-C
H
DC HSUPA (3GPP Rel6)
E-
,C
A,B Dedicated pipe for every UE in UL
g
uli n Pipe (codes and grants) changing
d with time
c he
S E-DCH scheduling
HSDPA (3GPP Rel5)
Fast pipe is shared among UEs
HSDPA Basic
What is High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)

Short time to market with existing sites

Smooth Upgrade
HSDPA

• What is HSDPA?
– A UMTS packet air interface
– 3.6 Mbps up to theoretical 14.4 Mbps peak/user
– Add-on solution on top of 3GPP R99/R4 architecture
– HSDPA terminals co-exist with R99 terminals
– No modification to the Core Network & Traffic Classes

• Difference between HSDPA and WCDMA today?

– More Content for High End Users (5x faster and lower latency of 150
ms)
– More Data Users per Cell (because it is ~10x more spectrally efficient)
Introduction HSDPA Basics

Adaptive Modulation
• and Coding (AMC)
- Depending on UE channel conditions (CQI)
- QPSK, 16QAM
- Coding rate (1/4 - 3/4)
- Data rate adapted on 2 ms time basis
Fast Retransmission
•
- Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ)
- UE soft-combines data
- Reduced RTT
Fast Packet Scheduling (PS)
Scheduling of users on 2 ms time basis
New radio channels included for HSDPA
- DL: HS-(P)DSCH, HS-SCCH
- UL: HS-DPCCH
It is important to•note that downlink HSDPA is a shared data channel
- End user throughput depends on the number of the other users on the same HSDPA cell
- Capacity planning and dimensioning of HSDPA is different to non-real time (NRT) DCH bearer
HSDPA Basic Principles

Dynamic Power Allocation Shared Channel Transmission

Efficient power & Dynamically shared in time & code

spectrum utilisation domain
Fast Hybrid ARQ with
Soft Combining
Reduced round trip delay

Higher-order Modulation
16QAM in complement to QPSK for
higher peak bit rates
Fast Radio Channel
Fast Link Adaptation Dependent Scheduling
2 ms Scheduling of users on 2 ms time
Data rate adapted to radio
conditions on 2 ms time basis basis
Short TTI (2 ms)
Reduced round trip delay
Dynamic Power Allocation

3GPP Release 99 3GPP Release 5

Power Power

Unused power Used for HSDPA

Total cell power

Total cell power

Dedicated channels (power controlled) Dedicated channels (power controlled)

Common channels Common channels

t t
Power usage with dedicated channels Power usage with dedicated channels
Shared Channel Transmission
A set of radio resources dynamically shared among multiple users,

primarily in the time domain.

SF=1

SF=2

SF=4 Channelization codes allocated

for HS-DSCH transmission
SF=8
5 codes (example)
SF=16

TTI

Shared
channelization
codes

User #1 User #2 User #3 User #4

Up to 15 codes (SF16) can be allocated and shared between the users. It also
depends on what the UE can support.
Shared Channel Transmission
Multi Code Operation

SF = 1 2 4 8 SF = 16 ... 256 512

C16,0 =
C8,0 = [11111111] [.........]
C16,1 =
C4,0 = [1111] [.........]
C16,2 =
C8,1 = [1111-1-1-1-1] [.........]
C2,0 = [11] C16,3 =
[.........]
C16,4 =
C8,2 = [11-1-111-1-1] [.........]
C16,5 =
C4,1 = [11-1-1] [.........]
C16,6 =
C8,3 = [11-1-1-1-111] [.........]
C1,0 = [1] C16,7=
[.........]
C16,8 =
C8,4 = [1-11-11-11-1] [.........]
C16,9 =
C4,2 = [1-11-1] [.........]
C16,10 =
C8,5 = [1-11-1-11-11] [........]
C2,1 = [1-1] C16,11 =
[........]
C16,12 =
C8,6 = [1-1-111-1-11] [........]
C16,13 =
C4,3 = [1-1-11] [........]
C16,14 =
C8,7 = [1-1-11-111-1] [........]
C16,15 =
[........]
CQI – Channel Quality Indicator
• UE sends CQI info in the UL to aid rate adaptation and scheduling

• CQI (1-30) provides the Node B with a measure of the UE's perceived
channel quality and the UE receiver performance

• The CQI report estimates the number of bits that can be transmitted to the
UE using a certain assumed power with a block error rate of 10%

Modulation (QPSK, 16QAM) self-adaptive

Good channel state: 16QAM

CQI (Report periodically) Bad channel state: QPSK

Coding rate (1/3, 3/4, etc.) self-adaptive

Good channel state: 3/4
Node B
Bad channel state: 1/3
Fast Link Adaptation

• Rate control
– Adjusts data rate based on the Radio conditions (CQI)
– Fast Adaptation : 2 ms TTI basis
– Adaptive Modulation (QPSK and 16 QAM) and Coding
– Use “available power”

Power

High data rate

Total cell power

HS-DSCH (rate controlled)

Dedicated channels

Low data rate (power controlled)

Common channels

t
HS-DSCH with dynamic power allocation
Fast Hybrid ARQ with Soft Combining

HARQ
For Fast
retransmissions
Fast Hybrid ARQ with Soft Combining

During retransmission, the UW employs soft combining.

1st Decoding in UE 2nd Decoding in UE Final Picture

Fast Channel-dependent Scheduling

Fast Scheduling
• Fast Scheduling in the Time domain (1):
in the Node-B
– Transmission Time Interval (TTI) of 2ms assigned to users
– A short TTI reduces round-trip time and improves the tracking of channel
– variations
– the length of HSDPA sub-frame (TTI) is 3 slots (7680 chips)

Data
Ndata1 bits
Tslot = 2560 chips, M*10*2 k bits (k=4)

Slot #0 Slot#1 Slot #2

1 HS-PDSCH subframe: T f = 2 ms

HSPA Basics
Fast Channel-dependent Scheduling

Fast Scheduling
in the Node-B

• Fast Scheduling in the Time domain (2):

– Transmission is based on:
• Channel Quality
• UE Capabilities
• Current load in the cell (available resources / buffer status)
• Traffic Priority classes / QoS classes
• UE Feedback (ACK/NACK)
• Fast Scheduling in the code Domain
– Up to 15 codes in parallel per TTI

HSPA Basics
Queue Selection Algorithms
Round Robin RR:

 •Assigns sub-frames in rotation

• User at cell edge served as frequently as user at cell centre

• Doesn’t account for UE’s channel conditions

• Low total throughput in cell

•If no data have to be transferred to certain UE then sub-frame assigned to next UE

Proportional Fair PF:

 • Takes into account multipath fading conditions experienced by UE
• Improved total throughput in cell compared to RR

 • Sub-frames assigned according scheduling metric

• Ratio instantaneous data rate / average data rate experienced in the past
• User at cell edge served less frequently as user at cell centre
Adaptive Modulation & Coding (AMC)

• High Order modulation: 16QAM

• Code Multiplexing: up to 15 codes in parallel
• User can be code and time multiplexed (TTI= 2ms)

Codes TTI = 2ms

Fixed Spreading Factor, SF=16

 -> 3.84Mcps/16 = 240 K symbols/s

 -> @ 16QAM -> 240 x 4 = 960 kbps

User 3

 -> @ code rate = 3/4 -> 720 kbps

User 2
720 kbps bit rate can be achieved per code ->
User 1
10.8 Mbps over 15 codes

Time and Code multiplexing in HSDPA

HSPA Basics
Adaptive Modulation & Coding (AMC)
• 16 QAM allows twice the data rate to a user compared to QPSK

• Currently all R99 channels use QPSK

• 16 QAM will only be possible for users within a limited radius of the
NodeB (<20 % of the cell area ?)

• The Adaptive Modulation Coding scheme :

– can be controlled (changed) every 2 ms TTI to account for changing
radio conditions
– can be different for different users in different radio conditions

SF = 16 
240 ksymb/s

Multi-Code operation:
1..15 codes 
0.24 .. 3.6 Msymb/s
Adaptive Modulation & Coding (AMC)

t
5

Number of allocated codes

Time
0
TTI 0 TTI 1 TTI 2 TTI 3 TTI 4 TTI 5 etc
2ms

user in a changing user in a good user in a poor

radio channel radio channel radio channel
Adaptive Modulation & Coding (AMC)

• Coding is used to protect the user data bits from errors

• HSDPA has a very flexible coding scheme which can vary every 2ms and
between each user
• This allows a much more varied distribution of data rates within a cell
– Higher rates in very good radio conditions near the NodeB
– Higher rates compared to R99 on cell edge
UE Support for AMC
• Maximum data rate possible to a single user depends heavily on the UE they are
using
• There are 12 categories defined in the standards for different levels of HSDPA
support
Category Codes Inter-TTI Modulation Data rate
1 5 3 QPSK/16QAM 1.2 Mbps
2 5 3 QPSK/16QAM 1.2 Mbps
3 5 2 QPSK/16QAM 1.8 Mbps
4 5 2 QPSK/16QAM 1.8 Mbps
5 5 1 QPSK/16QAM 3.6 Mbps
6 5 1 QPSK/16QAM 3.6 Mbps

7 10 1 QPSK/16QAM 7.2 Mbps

8 10 1 QPSK/16QAM 7.2 Mbps

9 15 1 QPSK/16QAM 10.2 Mbps

10 15 1 QPSK/16QAM 14.4 Mbps
11 5 2 QPSK only 0.9 Mbps
12 5 1 QPSK only 1.8 Mbps
The big picture for HSDPA

Node B

Backhaul RNC Core Network HLR

• Increased
processing power ● Additional ● Additional ● Additional ● Extended QoS
(HW) backhaul capacity capacity field for HSDPA
• RF power bandwidth devices (for
allocation to to support ● Software upgrade data rates >8
HSDPA (min,max) higher Mbps)
• Management of data rates
new device
categories &
signalling ch.
• Software upgrade
Summary of HSDPA key benefits

Adapted to bursty
Throughputs of :
traffic (statistical
• Up to 3.6 Mbps with QPSK
Adapted to variable- Multiplexing benefit)
• Up to 14 Mbps with
throughput flows 16QAM

High Speed
Downlink Packet
Access
Cost effective

Quicker response Mix of HSDPA and dedicated

time traffic possible on same carrier

HSPA Basics
HSDPA Limitations
• HSDPA does not respond for the following needs
– High uplink speed (uploading, video calls, video conferences,
browsing, online gaming, E-commerce)
– Large capacity (Limited number of users)
– Limited coverage (WCDMA has lower coverage than GSM  in rural
areas WCDMA infrastructure is not profitable)

POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS:
1. HSUPA – significantly improved uplink
2. WiMAX – significantly improved capacity
3. CDMA2000 – increased coverage

Fabricio Martinez
HSDPA Channels
Physical Channel Overview

HS-PDSCH
High-Speed Physical DL Shared Channel

HS-SCCH
High Speed Shared Control Channel

HS-DPCCH
High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel

Node B associated DCH

Dedicated Channel (Rel. 99)
MAC-hs

F-DPCH
Fractional Dedicated Physical Channel (Rel. 6/7)
HS-PDSCH
HS-PDSCH: High-Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel
• Transfer of actual HSDPA data
• 5 - 15 code channels
• QPSK or 16QAM modulation
• 2 ms TTIs
• Fixed SF16
•
• u
• pt
o1
5H
S–
PD
SC H
s

SF= 1

SF= 2

SF= 4

SF= 8

SF=16
Example: Allocated for HS-DSCH
allocated for other channels
HS-SCCH

– HS-SCCH: High-Speed Shared Control Channel

• L1 Control Data for UE; informs the UE how to decode the next HS-PDSCH frame
e.g. UE Identity, Channelisation Code Set, Modulation Scheme, TBS, H-ARQ process
information
• Fixed SF128
• transmitted 2 slots in advance to HS-PDSCHs
• NSN implementation with slow power control: shares DL power with the HS-PDSCH
• more than 1 HS-SCCH required when Code Multiplexing is used
• Up to 4 HS-SCCHs Codes

SF16
HS-PDSCH User 1 User 2 User 3 User 4

15 Subframe
2 ms

10

Time
TBS: Transport Block Size
HS-DPCCH

– UL HS-DPCCH: High-Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel

• MAC-hs Ack/Nack information (send when data received)
• Channel Quality Information (CQI reports send every 4ms, hardcoded period)
• Fixed SF 256

1 Slot = 2560 chip 2 Slots = 5120 chip

HARQ-ACK CQI (20 bit)

(10 bit) Channel Quality Indication

1 HS-DPCCH Subframe = 2ms

Subframe # 0 Subframe # i Subframe # N

CQI values = 0 (N/A), 1 .. 30; steps: 1;

1 indicating lowest, 30 highest air interface quality
HS-DPCCH & CQI
CQI TB Size # codes Modulation 
P-CPICH
1 137 1 QPSK 0

2 173 1 QPSK 0
HS – UE observes
D PC C H 3 233 1 QPSK 0
(ACK
; CQ 4 317 1 QPSK 0
I) P-CPICH (Ec/Io) 5 377 1 QPSK 0

HS –  CQI* 6 461 1 QPSK 0

SCCH 7 650 2 QPSK 0

• 8 792 2 QPSK 0
• up t
• o1 9 931 2 QPSK 0

PDSC5 HS – 10 1262 3 QPSK 0

Hs 11 1483 3 QPSK 0

12 1742 3 QPSK 0

13 2279 4 QPSK 0

14 2583 4 QPSK 0
CQI used for: 15 3319 5 QPSK 0

• Link Adaptation decision 16 3565 5 16-QAM 0

• Packet Scheduling decision 17 4189 5 16-QAM 0

18 4664 5 16-QAM 0

19 5287 5 16-QAM 0

ACK/NACK used for: 20 5887 5 16-QAM 0

• H-ARQ process 21 6554 5 16-QAM 0

• Link Adaptation decision 22 7168 5 16-QAM 0

• HS-SCCH power adaptation 23 9719 7 16-QAM 0

24 11418 8 16-QAM 0

25 14411 10 16-QAM 0

26 14411 12 16-QAM -1
* UE internal (proprietary) process
27 14411 12 16-QAM -2
TB Size [bit] 28 14411 12 16-QAM -3

29 14411 12 16-QAM -4
CQI value 0: N/A (Out of range)
30 14411 12 16-QAM -5
 = Reference Power Adjustment (Power Offset) [dB]
Associated DCH (DL & UL)

– DL DPCH: Associated Dedicated Physical Channel

• Transfer of L3 signalling messages
• Speech - AMR
• Power control commands for associated UL DPCH

– UL DPCH: (DPDCH & DPCCH)

• Transfer of L3 signalling messages
• Transfer of UL data 16 / 64 / 128 / 384 kbps, e.g. TCP acknowledgements
• Speech - AMR

DPDCH / DPCCH (time multiplexed)

DPDCH: L3 signalling; AMR
DPCCH: TPC for UL DPCH power control

DPDCH: L3 signalling, AMR; TCP ACKs;

16 / 64 / 128 348 kbps

DPCCH: TPC, Pilot, TFCI

Fractional DPCH: F-DPCH (DL)

• The Fractional DPCH (F-DPCH):

• was introduced in 3GPP Rel. 6
• replaces the DL DPCCH when the DL DPDCH is not present, i.e. both application data and
SRB are transferred using HSDPA
• includes Transmit Power Control (TPC) bits but excludes TFCI & Pilot bits
• TFCI bits - no longer required as there is no DPDCH
• Pilot bits - no longer required as TPC bits are used for SIR measurements
• increases efficiency by allowing up to 10 UE to share the same DL SF256 channelisation
code
- time multiplexed one after another

1 time slot 2560 chips

256
chips

Tx Off TPC Tx Off

Slot #i
HSUPA Basics
HSUPA Introduction

• HSUPA: High Speed Uplink Packet Access

• 3GPP release 6 feature

• Also called Enhanced DCH or Enhanced Uplink

• Purposes:
– Boost uplink data performances in terms of higher throughput,
reduced delay and higher capacity
– Balance uplink traffic performance with downlink HSDPA
– Mandatory step for VoIP

43 | HSPA Basics
HSUPA Overview

1-4 Code Fast NodeB

TTI = 10 ms Hybrid ARQ
Multi-Code Power Control ControlledS
with incr. redundancy
transmission cheduling

Benefit
Higher Uplink Peak rates: 2.0 Mbps
Higher Capacity: +50-100%
Reduced Latency: ~50-75 ms
HSUPA Key Features

Scheduling
at Node-B

Shorter TTI
HSUPA
10 or 2ms
HARQ
for fast
retransmissions

45 | HSPA Basics
HSUPA Key Feature: H-ARQ

H-ARQ
For Fast retransmissions
RLC ACK/NACK

Packet
L1 ACK/NACK
• Hybrid-Automatic Repeat Request
– Retransmission with chase
combining or incremental
redundancy
Packet
– Terminated in Node-B
– Smaller delay
– Higher BLER target -> smaller Retransmission
Transmit Power and interference -> Retransmission

Higher capacity R99 DCH R6 E-DCH

46 | HSPA Basics
HSUPA Key Feature – Scheduling (1)

Scheduling
L3 Resource
in the Node-B
Allocation

• Scheduling in the Node-B

Data
– Not anymore handled by the RNC transmission

– Whenever the UE stops the

transmission or reduces the data
Scheduling Info
rate, the free capacity can be
quickly allocated to another UE
– Algorithm is vendor dependent Scheduling

Assignment

R6 E-DCH

47 | HSPA Basics
HSUPA Key Feature – Scheduling (2)

Scheduling
RoT
in the Node-B
Maximum
allowable UE 1 UE 3 UE 3
noise rise UE 1
– Shared resource is the total Uplink UE 2 UE 2
interference eg Rise over Thermal UE 2
Noise, RoT or interference margin UE 1
UE 1
– The Node B controls the allocation of
this margin
• Selects the best Transport Format
Combination (TFC) for a given UE
according to the available
interference margin (left over R’99)
and schedules the UE TTI 0 TTI 1 TTI 2 TTI 3
Time
DCH services
48 | HSPA Basics (eg voice and video)
HSUPA Channels
Physical Channel Overview
Scheduling Request
Scheduling information (MAC-e on E-DPDCH) or happy bit (E-DPCCH)

E-AGCH
E-DCH Absolute Grant Channel
E-RNTI & max. power ratio E-DPDCH/DPCCH (Absolute Grant)
Scheduling
Grants
E-RGCH
E-DCH Relative Grant Channel
UP / HOLD / DOWN (Relative Grant)

E-DPCCH
E-DCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel
L1 control: E-TFCI, RSN, happy bit
UE

E-DPDCH
E-DCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel
Node B User data & CRC

E-HICH
E-DCH Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel
ACK/NACK

RSN: Re-transmission sequence number

New Physical Channels

• HSUPA : New physical channels:

• Uplink:
– E-DPDCH: E-DCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel
– E-DPCCH: E-DCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel

• Downlink
– E-AGCH:E-DCH Absolute Grant Channel
– E-RGCH:E-DCH Relative Grant Channel
– E-HICH:E-DCH HARQ Acknowledgement Indicator Channel

51 | HSPA Basics
New Physical Channels

• E-DPDCH
– SF 2 to 256, Uplink, Dedicated channel
– Multicode possible:
• 2xSF4, 2xSF2, 2xSF2+2xSF4
– Information sent on this channel:
• Data

• E-DPCCH
– SF 256, Uplink, Dedicated channel
– Information sent on this channel:
• E-TFCI: E-DCH Transport Format Combination Indicator (ie indicates the transport
block size used on E-DPDCH)
• RSN: Retransmission Sequence Number (informs about the HARQ sequence
number of the transport block sent on E-DPDCH ie 0 if first transmission, 1,2or 3 if
retransmission)
• Happy bit: indicates if the UE is « happy » with current data rate or if a higher
power can be used.

52 | HSPA Basics
HSUPA UE Categories

Mac-e
data rates

Theoretical peak bit rate up to 5.76 Mbps

1.46 Mbps capability expected initially

53 | HSPA Basics
Summary of HSUPA benefits

Better usage of the resources

(interference) UE Throughputs up to 5.8Mbps
Deployed as an overlay of R99
and R5 networks
Up to 1.4Mbps in a first step

High Speed Uplink 20-55% reduction in end-

30-70% increase in user packet call delay
system capacity Packet Access
50% increase in user
packet call New services
throughput
VoIP, Mobile Gaming, Video
Conferencing…
UL coverage improvement New revenues for
operators &
for high data bit rate
better QoS for users

54 | HSPA Basics
HSPA mobility

• HSDPA
– Soft handover on associated DCH channels (signalling, UL data)
– Serving cell change for HSDPA data channel
• Connected only to one cell at a time
Notice that soft/softer handover
is not supported for HS-SCCH/HS-PDSCH
HS-SCCH
Serving HS-PDSCH DPCH
HS-DSCH cell
DPCH

• HSUPA
– Soft handover utilised for uplink channels as required due to near-far problem
– Only Serving Cell can allocate more UL capacity/power
Physical Channel Overview R99/R5/R6

Node B

256)

128)

UE
HSPA UE Evolution

Rel’5 HSDPA Rel’6 HSUPA

for downlink for uplink
Category 7…10 HSDPA handsets
7…14 Mbit/s 2nd generation

5 Mbit/s
Category 5, 6 HSDPA handsets HSUPA handsets &
TTI=2 ms
1st generation PC cards
3.6 Mbit/s 2nd generation

Category 11, 12
HSUPA handsets & 1-2 Mbit/s
HSDPA PC cards PC cards
PS only 1st generation TTI=10 ms
0.9, 1.8 Mbit/s

2005 2006 2007 2008

57 | HSPA Basics
Comparison with R99 DCH and R5 HSDPA

HSUPA
Cha nne l DCH (R9 9 ) HSDPA (R5 )
E- DCH (R6 )
Cha nnel Type Dedica ted Sha red De dica te d
Sprea ding Fa ctor Va ria ble Fixed (SF = 16) Va ria b le
L1- H-ARQ No Yes Ye s
Multicode Possible Yes Yes
tra nsmission
TTI length (ms) 40 / 20 / 10 2 10 / 2
Ada ptive Modula tion No Yes No
Node B Scheduling No Yes Ye s
Fa st Power Control Yes No Ye s
Soft Ha ndover Yes No Ye s

58 | HSPA Basics
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