Cc112 Prog 1 Topic 1

CC112
Computer
Programming - 1
JOSEPH REY G YBIOSA

BSIT - Instructor
The Computer System
What is Computer System?
2
“
The computer system is a
complex arrangement of
hardware and software
components that work together
to process and store
information.
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Computer System
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What is a
Computer?
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Computer
▰ A computer is an electronic device that processes and stores data

using a combination of hardware and software components.
▰ It performs complex calculations, executes programs, and allows

users to interact with it through input and output devices.
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Components of a Computer System
▰ CPU (Central Processing

Unit)
▰ Memory
▰ Storage
▰ Input / Output Devices
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CPU (Central Processing Unit)
▰ also known as the processor, is the brain

of the computer.
▰ It carries out the instructions of a

computer program by performing basic
arithmetic, logical, control, and
input/output (I/O) operations.
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CPU three primary components:
▰ Control Unit:
-The control unit coordinates and manages the execution of instructions.
▰ Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU):
-The ALU performs arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication,
division) and logical operations (comparisons, Boolean operations) on data.
▰ Registers:
-Registers are small storage units within the CPU that store data and
instructions temporarily for faster processing. They hold operands, intermediate
results, and memory addresses.
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10
Memory
▰ also known as RAM (Random Access

Memory), provides temporary storage for
data and instructions that the CPU requires
for processing.
▰ It is a volatile form of memory, meaning

it loses its contents when the computer is
powered off.
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Memory is divided into two main types:
Primary Memory: Secondary Memory:

-also called main memory, is directly -Secondary memory, such as hard
accessible to the CPU. drives and solid-state drives (SSDs),
provides long-term storage for
programs and data.
-It includes RAM and cache memory.
RAM stores data and instructions that
the CPU actively uses during program -Unlike primary memory, it retains
execution, while cache memory provides information even when the power is
fast access to frequently used data. turned off.
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Storage
Storage devices, such as hard drives and solid-state drives (SSDs),

provide long-term storage for data and programs. They are
classified into two main types:
▰ Magnetic Storage: Traditional hard drives that use magnetic disks

to store data.
▰ Solid-State Storage: SSDs that use non-volatile memory chips to
store data.
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Storage
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Input/Output Devices
I/O devices facilitate interaction between the computer and the

external world. Some common I/O devices include:
▰ Keyboard and Mouse: Used for inputting data and commands.

▰ Display Monitor: Provides visual output to the user.
▰ Printer: Used for generating hard copies of documents.
▰ Network Interface Card (NIC): Facilitates network
communication.
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Interaction between Hardware and Software
Hardware and software are

interdependent components
that work together to
perform tasks and execute
programs on a computer
system.
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Memory is divided into two main types:
▰ Hardware: Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer

system, such as the CPU, memory, storage devices, and input/output devices.
It provides the necessary resources and processing power for software to run.
▰ Software: Software encompasses the programs, applications, and operating

systems that enable users to interact with the computer. It includes system
software (e.g., operating systems, drivers) and application software (e.g.,
word processors, web browsers).
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Hardware and software interact in the following ways:
▰ Execution of Instructions: The CPU executes instructions stored in memory,

performing operations specified by the software.
▰ Memory Management: The operating system manages memory allocation,

ensuring that software programs have the necessary memory space to run
efficiently.
▰ Device Interaction: Software communicates with input/output devices,

allowing users to interact with the computer system and receive output from
it. 18
Hardware and software interact in the following ways:
▰ Device Drivers: Device drivers are software components that enable

communication between the operating system and hardware devices, ensuring
proper functioning and compatibility.
▰ Virtualization: Virtualization software creates virtual machines that emulate

the functionality of physical hardware, allowing multiple operating systems to
run simultaneously on a single computer.
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Summary
▰ The components of a computer system, including the CPU, memory, storage, and
input/output devices, form the foundation for its operation.
▰ The CPU serves as the central processing unit, executing instructions and performing
calculations.
▰ Memory provides temporary storage for data and instructions, while storage devices
offer long-term storage.
▰ Input/output devices facilitate interaction between the computer and users.
▰ Hardware and software components work together, with software relying on hardware
resources for execution, and hardware being controlled and utilized by software
programs.
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What is the
PRIMARY
&
SECONDARY
storage?
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THANKS!
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CC112

JOSEPH REY G YBIOSA

▰ A computer is an electronic device that processes and stores data

▰ It performs complex calculations, executes programs, and allows

▰ CPU (Central Processing

▰ also known as the processor, is the brain

▰ It carries out the instructions of a

▰ also known as RAM (Random Access

▰ It is a volatile form of memory, meaning

Primary Memory: Secondary Memory:

Storage devices, such as hard drives and solid-state drives (SSDs),

▰ Magnetic Storage: Traditional hard drives that use magnetic disks

I/O devices facilitate interaction between the computer and the

▰ Keyboard and Mouse: Used for inputting data and commands.

Hardware and software are

▰ Hardware: Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer

▰ Software: Software encompasses the programs, applications, and operating

▰ Execution of Instructions: The CPU executes instructions stored in memory,

▰ Memory Management: The operating system manages memory allocation,

▰ Device Interaction: Software communicates with input/output devices,

▰ Device Drivers: Device drivers are software components that enable

▰ Virtualization: Virtualization software creates virtual machines that emulate

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