Bell's Palsy and Trigeminal Neuralgia

BELL’S PALSY AND TRIGEMINAL
NEURALGIA
H.SINDHU
M.SC NEUROSCIENCE
BGS GLOBAL INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
BELL’S PALSY
• Bell’s palsy is a condition that causes a temporary weakness or paralysis of

the muscles in the face. It can occur when the nerve that controls your facial
muscles becomes inflamed, swollen, or compressed.
• Bell’s palsy is also known as acute peripheral facial palsy of unknown cause.
It can occur at any age. The exact cause is unknown.
CAUSES
• Although the exact reason Bell's palsy occurs isn't clear, it's often related to having a
viral infection. Viruses that have been linked to Bell's palsy include viruses that cause:
• Cold sores and genital herpes (herpes simplex)
• Chickenpox (herpes zoster)
• Infectious mononucleosis (Epstein-Barr)
• Respiratory illnesses (adenovirus)
• German measles (rubella)
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
•Signs and symptoms of Bell's palsy come on suddenly and may include:
•Rapid onset of mild weakness to total paralysis on one side of your face — occurring
within hours to days
•Facial droop and difficulty making facial expressions, such as closing your eye or smiling
•Drooling
•Pain around the jaw or in or behind your ear on the affected side
•Increased sensitivity to sound on the affected side
•Headache
•A loss of taste
•Changes in the amount of tears and saliva you produce
• The symptoms of Bell’s palsy can develop 1 to 2 weeks after you have
• cold
• ear infection
• eye infection
• DIAGNOSIS:
• Blood test to check for the presence of a bacterial or viral infection
• Blood tests to check for diabetes or other conditions
• Imaging tests such as an MRI or CT scan to check the nerves in your face and rule
out the possibility of a stroke or brain tumor
• Nerve conduction study – Facial nerve conduction (FNC)
TREATMENT
• Corticosteroids drugs, which reduce inflammation

• Antiviral or Antibacterial medication, which may be prescribed if a virus or
bacteria causes your Bell’s palsy.
• Facial massage
• physical therapy exercises to stimulate your facial muscles
• Rehabilitation therapy
PTOSIS
If your eyes are droopy, it can be a sign of ptosis, or droopy eyelids. This can be
caused by nerve damage, underlying medical conditions, or more serious factors
like a stroke or neurological disorders.
Neurological disorders that affect the nerves or muscles of the eyes — such
as Myasthenia gravis — can also lead to ptosis.
TRIGEMINAL NERVE
• Trigeminal neuralgia is a condition that causes painful sensations
similar to an electric shock on one side of the face. This chronic pain
condition affects the trigeminal nerve, which carries sensation from
your face to your brain.
CAUSES
• In trigeminal neuralgia, also called tic douloureux, the trigeminal

nerve's function is disrupted. While compression by a blood vessel is
one of the more common causes of trigeminal neuralgia
• some people may experience trigeminal neuralgia due to a brain lesion
or other abnormalities. In other cases, surgical injuries, stroke or facial
trauma may be responsible for trigeminal neuralgia.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Episodes of severe, shooting or jabbing pain that may feel like an electric shock
• Spontaneous attacks of pain or attacks triggered by things such as touching the
face, chewing, speaking or brushing teeth
• Attacks of pain lasting from a few seconds to several minutes
• Pain that occurs with facial spasms
• Pain in areas supplied by the trigeminal nerve, including the cheek, jaw, teeth,
gums, lips, or less often the eye and forehead
• Pain affecting one side of the face at a time
• Pain focused in one spot or spread in a wider pattern
• Pain rarely occurring at night while sleeping
• Attacks that become more frequent and intense over time
• TRIGGERING POINTS:
• A variety of triggers may set off the pain of trigeminal neuralgia, including:
• Shaving
• Touching your face
• Eating
• Drinking
• Brushing your teeth
• Talking
• Putting on makeup
• Breeze lightly blowing over your face
TREATMENT
• Anticonvulsants. Doctors usually prescribe carbamazepine (Tegretol,
Carbatrol, others) for trigeminal neuralgia, and it's been shown to be
effective in treating the condition.
• Botox injections. Small studies have shown that onabotulinumtoxinA
(Botox) injections may reduce pain from trigeminal neuralgia in people
who are no longer helped by medications.
SURGICAL PROCEDURES:
Microvascular decompression
Gamma knife
Balloon compression
Radiofrequency thermal lesioning
DIAGNOSIS
• Type: Pain related to trigeminal neuralgia is sudden, shock-like and
brief.
• Location: The parts of your face that are affected by pain will tell your
doctor if the trigeminal nerve is involved.
• Triggers: Trigeminal neuralgia-related pain usually is brought on by
eating, talking, light touch of your face or even encountering a cool
breeze.
• Reflex tests
• Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)

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BELL’S PALSY AND TRIGEMINAL

• Bell’s palsy is a condition that causes a temporary weakness or paralysis of

• Corticosteroids drugs, which reduce inflammation

• In trigeminal neuralgia, also called tic douloureux, the trigeminal

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