DIGITAL

SCRAPBOOK
NAME:

Samantha Marie C. Zonio

GRADE AND SECTION:

11STEM E13
TEACHER:

Ms, Marion April Almoro

PRE-COLONIAL BC TO 1654
PRE-COLONIAL BC TO 1654
CHARACTERI
Based STICS:
on oral traditions Crude
on ideology and phraseology
Ancient literatures were written on the
perishable materials like dried leaves,
bamboo cylinder, and bark of trees.
Literatures were
handed down to us through the word of
mouth.
 PRE-COLONIAL BC TO
1654literary history is the longest.
- The first period of the Philippine
Long time before the Spaniards and other foreigners landedon
Philippine shores, our forefathers already had their own literature
stamped in the history of our race.
- RIDDLES (bugtong) – battle of wits among participants. It is
called Tigmo in Cebu, Paktakon in Ilonggo and Patotdon i Bicol.
-
PROVERBS (salawikain) – wise sayings that contain a metaphor
used to teach as a food for thought. - TANAGA –
one stanza poems consisted usually of four lines with seven syllables,
all lines rhyming.
 PRE-COLONIAL BC TO
1654
FOLK SONGS – one of the oldest forms of
Philippine literature that emerged in the Pre-
Spanish period.
a. Hele or oyayi -lullaby
b. Ambahan (Mangyan) –about human
relationships and social entertainment c.
Kalusan (Ivatan) – work songs d.
Tagay (Cebuano and Waray) – drinking song

e. Kanogan (Cebuano) – song of lamentation for

the dead
PRE-COLONIAL BC TO
1654
FOLK TALES MYTHS – explain how the world was
created, how certain animals possess certain
characteristics, why some places have waterfalls,
volcanoes, mountains, flora and fauna
LEGENDS – explain the
origin of things. FABLES – used animal
characters and allegory
FANTASY STORIES – deal with
underworld characters such as tiyanak, aswang, kapre
and so on.
 PRE-COLONIAL BC
TO
EPICS – these are 1654
narratives of sustained length
based on oral tradition revolving around
supernatural events or heroic deeds. Ex: Biag ni
Lam-ang (Ilocano), Hinilawod (Panay),
Kudaman (Palawan), Darangen (Maranao)
FOLK TALES – made up of
stories about life, adventure, love, horror and
humor where one can derive lessons about life
SPANISH COLONIZATION
PERIOD (1565-1863)
It is an accepted belief that the Spanish
colonization of
the Philippines started in 1565 during the
time of Miguel Lopez de
Legazpi, the first Spanish governor-
general in the Philippines.
Literature started to flourish during his
time. This spurt continued
unabated until the Cavite Revolt in 1872.
The Spaniards colonized
the Philippines for more than three
centuries.
 SPANISH COLONIZATION
PERIOD (1565-1863)
Characteristic
s:
- It has two distinct classifications:
religious and secular
- It introduced
Spanish as the medium of
communication
 SPANISH COLONIZATION
PERIOD (1565-1863)
S PA N I S H I N F L U E N C E S O N T H E P H I L I P P I N E L I T E R AT U R E

Alibata
First books (Christian Doctrine)
Literary
Compositions (Grammar and
Vocabulary Books)
Recreational Plays
Folk Songs
 SPANISH COLONIZATION
PERIOD (1565-1863)
Alibata
IS THE OLD ALPHABET OF THE PHILIPPINES WHICH IS OLD
LANGUAGE THAT OUR ANCESTOR USE. ALIBATA IS COMPOSED OF
SEVENTEEN LETTERS, THE FOURTEEN LETTERS IS CONSONANT
AND THE THREE LETTERS IS VOWEL.
WHEN THE SPANISH ARRIVED. THE WRITING OF THE OLD ALIBATA
TRANSFERRED TO THE WORD OF THE ROMANS STARTED IN 1600
AND THE LINGUISTIC HISTORY WRITTEN IN THE TIME OF
ROMANIZATION. THE ALIBATA CHANGE AND CALLED ABAKADA
 SPANISH COLONIZATION
PERIOD (1565-1863)
FIRST
BOOKS
Most First Literature is Christian doctrines that
represents the aim of the Spaniards: To believe in our
Father God, to obey his words, and learn the sanctity of
Life and Respect.
EXAMPLES:
Doctrina Christiana (Christian Doctrine) Libro de
los Cuatro Postprimeras de Hombre Nuestra Señora del
Rosario Ang Barlaan at Josephat
The Pasion (The Passion)
Urbana at Felisa
Ang mga Dalit kay
Maria (Psalms for Mary)
 SPANISH COLONIZATION
PERIOD (1565-1863)
Literary
Compositions
The Spanish language which became the literary language
during this time and they lent many of their words to our
language. Many grammar and vocabulary books were printed
in Filipino, like Tagalog, Bicolano, and Ilokano.

EXAMPLES
• 1.Arte y Reglas de la Lengua Tagala (Arts and Rules of the Tagalog language)
:
2.Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala (Tagalog Vocabulary) 3.Compendio de la
Lengua Tagala (Understanding the Tagalog language)
4.Arte de la Lengua Bicolana
(The Art of the Bicol Language)
5. Arte de la Lengua Ilokano (The Art of the Ilocano
Language)
6.Vocabulario de la Lengua Pampanga (Pampanga Vocabulary)
 SPANISH COLONIZATION
PERIOD (1565-1863)
Recreational
Recreational Plays are performed by
Filipinos Plays
during the Spanish times. Almost
all of them were in poetic form.
Examples:
1.Tibag
2.Cenakulo
3.Zarzuela
4.Panuluyan
5.Salubong
6.Carillo
7. The Moro-Moro
8.Balagtasan
 SPANISH COLONIZATION
PERIOD (1565-1863)
FOLK
Became widespread in the Philippines. Each region had
SONGS:
its national song from lowlands to the mountains of
Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao

EXAMPLES:
A. Leron-leron Sinta (Tagalog) B.
Pamulinawen (Iloko) C.
Dandansoy (Bisaya) D.
Atin Cu Pung Sing-sing (Kapampangan)
 Nationalistic/ Propaganda and
revolutionary period (1864-
1896)

21-B Sunrise Apartments 8339

 Nationalistic/ Propaganda and
revolutionary period (1864-1896)
In the Spanish Empire, the Philippine
Revolution was a revolution and ensuing
struggle fought between the people and
insurgents of the Philippines and the
Spanish colonial rulers of the Spanish East
Indies (Kingdom of Spain)
 Nationalistic/ Propaganda
and revolutionary period
(1864-1896)
Characteristic
1. Planted seeds of nationalism in Filipinos 2.
s:
Language shifted from Spanish to Tagalog
3. Addressed
the masses instead of the “intelligentsia”
INTELLIGENTSIA : Intellectuals
who form an artistic, social or political vanguard
or elite.
 Nationalistic/ Propaganda
and revolutionary period
(1864-1896)
Literary
Propaganda Literature - Reformatory in objective
Forms;
a. Political Essays - satires, editorials and news
articles were written to attack
and expose the evils of Spanish rule
i. Diariong Tagalog - founded by Marcelo del Pilar
ii. La Solidaridad - whose editor-in-chief is Graciano
Lopez-Jaena
 Nationalistic/ Propaganda
and revolutionary period
(1864-1896)
Political
i. Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo - Jose
Novels:
Rizal’s masterpieces that paved the way to the
revolution.
Revolutionary Literature - more propagandistic than literary as it is more
violent
in nature and demanded complete independence for the country
a. Political Essays - helped inflame the spirit of revolution
b. Kalayaan - newspaper of the society, edited by Emilio Jacinto
c. Poetry
i. True Decalogue - Apolinario Mabini
ii. Katapusang Hibik ng Pilipinas - Andres Bonifacio
iii. Liwanag at Dilim - Emilio Jacinto
American Colonial
period (1910-1945)
 American Colonial
period (1910-1945)
Period of Apprenticeship
=

- Filipino Writers imitated English and American models

- Poems written (1910-1930)
were amateurish and mushy, which phrasing and
diction is awkward and artificial
- The gradual decline of the Philippine literature written in Spanish;
- The English language eventually became the medium of writing and
instruction in schools;
- As the Spanish colonizers left the country in
accordance with the Treaty of Paris, the spirit of nationalism and the desire
to be acknowledged of independence did not disappear just yet. Instead,
these uniting forces geared into revolting against the new colonizers;
- During the American colonization period, Philippine literature reflected
the ethos of its people under a new role. However, these day-to-day
experiences under a new foreign influence, as well as sentiments, were
expressed through theEnglish language;
 American Colonial
period (1910-1945)
- The Spanish „sarsuwela‟ was eventually replaced by the „drama‟;
- One major influence of the American occupation on the Filipino literature is its
refining in the context of the content and the form. Furthermore, because of this broadened
knowledge on the field of literature through the education provided by the American
government, Philippine literature has become more than a tradition formed by culture. It has
become an art which succeeding poets, fictionists, and playwrights continue to build upon and
enrich in every generation;
- Beginning with Rizal‟s use of social realism as one of the major themes for his
two major novels, the literature during the American colonization also became an
involvement, not just reflecting the Filipino experience – a strengthened sense of
nationalism deeply rooted in the Filipino pride and culture;
- Unlike in the Spanish colonization period wherein female writers (e.g. Gregoria de
Jesus) were overshadowed by their more dominant, male contemporaries a result of the
education only being provided to a selected and privileged few – during the American
occupation, women have had their opportunity to enhance their talent by being educated on
the craft. In addition, the growing popularity of works written by Filipina writers is the result
of the growing audience appreciating literature by females.
 American Colonial
period (1910-1945)
Short Stories
i. Dead Stars – Paz Marquez Benitez
ii. The Key – Paz Latorena
iii. Footnote to Youth – Jose Garcia Villa

Novelsi. Childe of Sorrow – first novel in English, by Zoilo Galang

Period of Emergence (1920-

1930)
Highly influenced by Western literary trends like Romanticism and Realism.
a. Short Stories – most prevalent literary form
i. Jose Garcia Villa – earned the international title “Poet of the
Century”
 Japanese
Occupation (1942-
War Years (1942-
1962)
1944)
TAGALOG POETS BROKE AWAY FROM THE BALAGTAS TRADITION AND
INSTEAD WROTE IN SIMPLE LANGUAGE AND FREE VERSE 

Fiction prevailed over

poetry
a. 25 Pinakamabuting Maikling Kthang Pilipino (1943)
– compilation of the short story contest by the military
government i.
Suyuan sa Tubigan – Macario Pineda ii.
Lupang Tinubuan – Narciso Reyes
iii. Uhaw ang Tigang na Lupa – Liwayway Arceo
 Japanese
Occupation (1942-
Period of Maturity and Originality
1962)
(1945-1960)
- Bountiful harvest in poetry, fiction, drama and essay
- Filipino writers mastered English and familiarized themselves with diverse
techniques
- Literary “giants” appeared
Palanca awards for
- Jose Garcia Villa

literature
- Nick Joaquin
- NVM Gonzales
- Bienvenido Santos
- Gregorio Brillantes
- Gilda Cordero Fernando

National Artist Awards

- Jose Garcia Villa
ii. Nick Joaquin
Contemporary/
Modern period
(1960-present)
 Contemporary/ Modern
period (1960-present)
Characteristic
- Martial Law repressed and curtailed human rights,
s:
including freedom of the press
- Writers used symbolisms and allegories to drive home
their message, at the face
of heavy censorship
- Theater was used as a vehicle for protest, such as the
PETA (Phil. Educational
Theater Association) and UP Theater.
- From the eighties onwards, writers continue to show
dynamism and innovation.
 Contemporary/ Modern
period (1960-present)
IN ENGLISH-LANGUAGE HISTORIOGRAPHY, IS A SUBSET OF MODERN HISTORY THAT
DESCRIBES THE HISTORICAL PERIOD FROM APPROXIMATELY 1945 TO THE
PRESENT.CONTEMPORARY HISTORY IS EITHER A SUBSET OF THE LATE MODERN
PERIOD, OR IT IS ONE OF THE THREE MAJOR SUBSETS OF MODERN HISTORY,
ALONGSIDE THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD AND THE LATE MODERN PERIOD. THE TERM
CONTEMPORARY HISTORY HAS BEEN IN USE AT LEAST SINCE THE EARLY 19TH
CENTURY.
is politically dominated by the Cold War (1947–1991) between the United States
and the Soviet Union whose effects were felt across the world. The confrontation,
which was mainly fought through proxy wars and through intervention in the
internal politics of smaller nations, ultimately ended with the dissolution of the
Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact in 1991, following the Revolutions of 1989. The
latter stages and aftermath of the Cold War enabled the democratisation of much of
Europe, Africa, and Latin America. In the Middle East, the period after 1945 was
dominated by conflict involving the new state of Israel and the rise of petroleum
politics, as well as the growth of Islamism after the 1980s.
 Contemporary/ Modern
period (1960-present)
The first supranational organisations of government, such as the United
Nations and European Union, emerged during the period after 1945, while
the European colonial empires in Africa and Asia collapsed, gone by 1975.
Countercultures rose and the sexual revolution transformed social relations in
western countries between the 1960s and 1980s, epitomised by the Protests
of 1968. Living standards rose sharply across the developed world because of
the post-war economic boom, whereby major economies such as Japan and
West Germany emerged. The culture of the United States, especially
consumerism, spread widely. By the 1960s, many western countries had
begun deindustrializing; in their place, globalization led to the emergence of
new financial or industrial centres in Asia, starting with Japan, which was
followed by the Four Asian Tigers of Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea
and Taiwan, and later China after its economic reform, which exported its
consumer and technological goods around the world.
REFERENCE
S:
• https://www.wikiwand.com/en/
Contemporary_history#/
google_vignette
• https://www.studocu.com/ph/
document/siena-college-of-taytay/21st-
century-literature/chapter-ii-historical-
background-of-philippine-literature-
module/20697786