RIZAL’S LIFE

ABROAD
SARCIA, JUNJAY V.
CANABE, MARY GRACE
 RIZAL LIFE IN SPAIN
Rizal decided to leave the country to complete his medical studies in Europe.
He travelled twice in Spain.
◦ 1882-1885 with summer stay a few weeks in France in 1883
◦ 1890 to January 1891 (5 months stay).
A side from completing the medical studies, there where a lot hidden
purposes in his voyage:
To make a name for his realm of journalism;
To observe and study in Europe society;
To prepare himself for the task of liberating the Filipino from Spanish
tyranny,
 Rizal’s departure
 Rizal left Calamba on May 1, 1882 and was able to reach manila after ten hours of journey
via carromata. No one from among the Family members of Rizal knew his departure from
Spain except Paciano, Saturnina, his Tio Antonio and a few friends.
 The trip was kept secret to avoid detection by Spanish authorities especially the friars. His
brother Paciano did everything to ensure that Rizal can leave the country secretly. He
secured Rizal's pass port with the name Jose Mercado.
 Rizal stayed at Manila for two days before his trip to Spain. He was scheduled to depart
from Manila on the 3rd day of May. He then woke up early, heard the mass at Santo
Domingo church in Walled City and then procced to Pasig River to board the cruiser
Salvadora bound for Singapore and befriended with Donato Lecha, ship captain
Salvadora.
 Way to Spain
From manila, the Salvadora sailed for Singapore. At the first very sad
leaving his country and family. He tried to observe people and things
around him and noted many Spanish-speaking travelers spoke ill of the
country.
After 1 week of sailing, the cruiser docked at Singapore. Rizal stayed at
Singapore for two days and stayed at Hotel De La Paz. He farther visited
the Botanical garden, Buddhist Temple, busy market and the statue of
Sir Thomas Standford Raffles. Founder of Singapore.
From Singapore, Rizal boarded the ship Djemnah, which shall ferry him
to a France.
With him on the ship were friends-speaking nationals. From the
boarding point, the ship had its stop over point Galle in Ceylon, Aden and
Port Said at Suez Canal. The steamer reached Naples on June 11, 1882.
From Naples, the streamer sailed the France. It docked at the harbor of
Marseilles on June 12, 1882.
From Marseilles, Rizal took the train from Barcelona. He reached the
Barcelona on the June 16, 1882.
At first, Rizal had a negative impression of the city and its people. Later,
he came to like Barcelona due to prevalence of freedom and liberalism
in the city. And the good qualities demonstrated by its residents open-
Heartedness, Hospitality and courage.
IMPORTANT CONSEQUENCE
OF RIZAL’S TRIP
•First owing to his interaction with foreign nationals on the board the
Salvadora and Djemnah, there was a sudden change in his religious
outlook- Rizal became inattentive to saint. Instead of calling them for
guidance and protection while on his journey, he prayed directly to
God. Evidence for his change of religious outlook was his attendance
in protestant worship service in Singapore.
•Second, is the melting down of his social complex- able to get
along with other passengers.
 Life in Barcelona
Rizal wrote a nationalistic essay where he urged the Filipinos to love their mother land. He
entitled it, "Amor Patrio" (Love of country) his first article written on Spain soil. He sent
article to his friend in Manila, Basilio Teodoro Moran, and publisher of Diariong Tagalog.
Rizal's Amor Patrio under Pen name Laong Laan appeared in print in Diariong Tagalog on
August 20, 1882. It was published in two type Spanish and Tagalog The Spanish text was the
one originally written by Rizal in Barcelona The Tagalog text was a Tagalog translation made
by M.H. del Pilar. In this essay. Rizal stressed that loving one's country was the most heroic
and sublime sentiment a person could have. He further challenge the Filipinos that they must
sacrifice their welfare, youth, pleasures, splendour of genius or even their life. Finally,
Filipinos should notfear of losing their lives for they will gain two immense fortunes: liberty
and glory.
Rizal wrote the second article for Diariong Tagalog


entitled, "Los Viajes" (Travels). His third article,

entitled, "Revista de Madrid" (Review of Madrid),
which he wrote in Madrid on November 29, 1882,
was returned to him because the Diariong Tagalog
had ceased publication for lack of funds
 Life in Madred
• Rizal decided to move to the capital city of
Spain in September 1882 to continue his
studies. On November 3, 1882, Rizal enrolled in
the Unibersidad Central de Madrid (Central
University of Madrid) in two courses, Medicine
and Philosophy and Letters.
Academy of Fine Arts of San
Fernando
he studied painting and
sculpture,
 took lessons in French, German,
and English under private
instructors
Hall of Arms Sanz y Carbonell
•assiduously practice fencing
and shooting
 Madred ateneo
•Lesson in English, French and German.
•He even contemplated taking the examination in Roman Law for possible
enrolment in law.
•Despites Rizal's hectic schedule in his studies, he associate with the
Filipino Expatriates in Madrid, Pedro Paterno, Graciano Lopez jaena,
Gregorio Sanciano, Juan Luna, Felix Hidalgo, Marcelo del Pilar, and a lot
more.
• He became associated with them and later on, came to be called the
Triumvirate of the Propaganda Movement.
 Rizal Joined the Masonry
•Living in Madrid exposed Rizal to liberal ideas, stressing the value of individual freedom of
action on matters of religion and expression.
• In viewed with the vitality of youth and idealism, he became fascinated with the manner by
which Spanish Masons in Madrid discussed political issues fearlessly. He was overwhelmed by
their progressive ideas on government politics and religion.
•Joined the Masonry for two probable reasons.
◦ The abuses committed by the friars against the Filipinos;
◦ In the possible assistance the Masons can extend him in his struggle against Spanish
tyranny and oppression.
◦ He became Master Mason in Lodge Solidaridad on November 15, 1890. Later, he was
awarded as Master Mason by Le Grand Orient de France in Paris on February 15, 1892
•They Ask Me for Verses
• In 1882, shortly after his arrival in Madrid, Rizal joined
the Circulo Hispano-Filipino (Hispano- Philippine
Circle), a society of Spaniards and Filipinos Upon the
request of the members of this society, he wrote a
poem entitled "Me Piden Versos"(They Ask Me for
Verses) which he personally declared during the New
Year's Eve reception of the Madrid Filipino held in the
evening of December 31, 1882.
 Rizal's Toast to Luna and
Hidalgo
•June 24, 1884 was a memorable day of Rizal, he had no breakfast that morning. Despite the hunger,
he attended classes at the UCM. On the same day, he was the contestant in the Greek language
derby and won the prize of a gold medal.
• It was also the day he delivered the famous Brindis (A Toast) to Juan Luna for his Spolarium and
Felix Resurrection Hidalgo for his Las Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al Populacho (Christian Virgins
Expose to the Populace). He stressed that “genius knows no race."
• Juan Luna was awarded a gold medal for his painting Spoliarium, while Hidalgo. a silver medal for
his entry, Christian Virgins Expose to the Populace. Luna and Hidalgo's paintings were reflections of
the reality of politics, society and moral life of the Filipinos under Spanish rule. Moreover, the two
paintings clearly shown humanity in severe ordeal, unredeemned. Reason and idealism in an open
struggle with fanaticism and injustice.
• A banquet was rendered in honor of these two Filipino artists at the Café Ingles. The speech was
originally assigned to Pedro A. Paterno.
 Rizal's Affair with Consuelo
•Filipinoexpatriate in Madrid then usually visited the house of Don Pablo Ortega y Rey on Saturday
evenings. Don Pablo was the farmer city mayor of Manila during the time of Governor Carlos dela
Torre. Being away from home, he joined his fellow student expatriates to visit Don Pablo's residence.
• He played with his colleagues and laughed with them together with Consuelo and Pilar. Don Pablo's
daughters. Rizal was attracted with Consuelo due to her fine manners and enchanting smile. He gave
her flowers occasionally, which Consuelo appreciated.
•Consuelo fell in love with him. Rizal, however, suppressed his emotions since he was still engage with
Leonor Rivera, way back home. Besides, he did not want to destroy his friendship with Eduardo de
Lete, who was madly in love with Consuelo.
•Before leaving Madrid in 1883, Rizal composed a poem for Consuelo, it was entitled A La Señorita C.
O. y R. (Consuelo Ortega y Perez)
 Rizal Involved in Student
Demonstrations.
•On November 20-22, 1884 the serene city of Madrid exploded in bloody riots by the students
of the Central University of Madrid. Rizal and other Filipino Students participated, together
with Cuban, Mexican, Peruvian, and Spanish students in the tumult.
•This student demonstration were caused by the address of Dr. Miguel Morayta, professor of
history at the opening ceremonies of the academic year on November 20, in which he
proclaim "the freedom of science and the teacher" such a liberal view was condemned by
the Catholic Bishops of Spain, who promptly excommunicated Dr. Morayta and those who
applauded his speech.
•Rizal completed his medical course in Spain. He was conferred the degree of licentiate in
medicine by the Unibersidad Central de Madrid on June 21, 1884. The next academic year
(1884-85) he studied and passed all subjects leading to the degree of doctor of medicine.
•Due to the fact, however, that he did not pay the fee
for the presentation and defense of his thesis which
was the final requirement for the course, he was not
awarded his Doctor's Diploma Rizal also finished his
studies in Philosophy and Letters with higher grades.
•He was awarded the degree of Licentiate in
Philosophy and Letters by the Unibersidad Central de
Madrid on June 19, 1885 (His birthday), with the
rating of "excellent" (Sobresaliente).
 Doña Teodora's reactions on Rizal's
Speech
•She advised Rizal to refrain from writing articles
that might offend the friars and the regime; that
he should not fail in his duties as a Christian.
•She also warned him not to continue pursuing
further studies since she had that fear that it
could cause his death later.
 Rizal responded to her mother by
stressing the following points:
He will still have enemies, even if he puts an end of writing articles considered anti-Spanish.
Life can't be without any sorrow.
Misfortunes are welcomed when they can avert debasement and degradation. Conscience
has to decide whether to submit or perish in the society where a person is born.
People have to put their trust in God in the sincerity of their purpose.
The best legacies parents can give their children are upright judgment, generosity is the
exercise of rights; and perseverance in adversity.
A son can pay honor to his parents thru honesty and good name.
Religion is the holiest of things but a person can only believe by reasoning; and Conscience
can accept only what a compatible with reason.
 RIZAL IN
FRANCE AND
GERMANY
 Rizal in Paris (1885-1886)
•June 17 to August 20, 1883- Rizal sojourn in Paris.
•Hotel de Paris- located on 37 Rue de Mauhange wherein Rizal billeted but later,
he moved to a cheaper.
•Hotel on 124 Rue de Rennes in the Latin Quarter Laennec Hospital- where Rizal
observed Dr. Nicaise treating his patients.
•Lariboisiere Hospital where Rizal observed the examination of different diseases
of women.
•Rizal was impressed by the way the Spanish Mason openly and freely criticized
the goverment policies and lambasted the friars, which could not be done in
Philippines.
 Rizal in Paris (1885-1886)
•Rizal's decision to move to France and Germany was due to his desire to specialize in ophthalmology. His preference
in ophthalmology as a specialization in medicine was prompted by his desire to cure the eye ailment of his mother.
•He also continued his observations of the government and laws, as well as the customs and traditions of France and
Germany.
• Rizal was a full-pledged surgeon when he migrated into Paris.
•Rizal worked as an assistant at the eye clinic of Dr. Louis de Wecker for four months. From Dr. Wecker, Rizal learned
the following:
1. Actual performance of eye operation
2. Recent studies on the ailment of the eyes
3. Various techniques of eye operation
•He stayed in Lana's studio and became a model in two of Luna's historical canvasses; a the Blood Compact (posed
as Sikatuna), and b. Death of Cleopatra (posed as Egyptian priest)
• November 27, 1878. Rizal told Enrique Lete that he "learned
the solfeggio, the piano, the voice culture in one month and a
half". By sheer determination and constant practice, Rizal came
to play the flute fairly well. He was a flutist in various
impromptu reunions of Filipinos in Paris Alin Mang Lahi (Any
Race)-a patriotic song written by Rizal which asserts that any
race aspires for freedom.
• La Deportacion (Deportation) - a sad danza which Rizal
composed in Dapitan during his exile.
• Before leaving the city, Rizal had completed one-fourth of his
first novel, the Noli Me Tangere.
 Rizal in Heidelberg, Germany
•February 1, 1886- Rizal left gay Paris for Germany due to its high cost of living,
which he could not cope.
•February 3, 1886- Rizal arrived in Heidelberg, a historic city in Germany famous
for its old university and romantic surroundings.
•He was recommended to become a member of Chess Players' Club of
Heidelberg.
•He was privileged to work at the eye hospital of the University of Heidelberg,
under the tutelage of Dr. Otto Becker. It is where he perfected the techniques of
diagnosing eye ailments, which he learned under Dr. Louis de Wecker.
 A Los Flores del Heidelberg (April
22, 1886 he wrote this poem)
•This is a poem he wrote when he visited Neckar River on April 12,
1886. This poem was translated by Derbyshire (To the Flowers of
Heidelberg).
•As pointed out by Dizon (1961), the poem A Los Flores de Heidelberg,
is a poem of two of the great loves of man on earth. It is a poem of
remembrance and a poem of the motherland.
• Rizal in these particular verses expressed his longing for his native
land and commanded the flowers of Heidelberg, forget-me-nots, to go
to the Philippines and tell his countrymen and loved ones of his loves
for the country.
 Summer vacation at
Wilhelmsfeld
•Wilhelmsfeld-a mountainous village at Heidelberg. It is where Rizal met Dr. Karl
Ulmer, a pastor of the vicarage of Wilhelmsfeld.
•Rizal's vacation at Wilhelmsfeld was quite an enjoyable one for him. He returned
to Heidelberg on June 2, 1886 remembering the hospitality and friendship
accorded to him by the Ulmers.
•Rizal appreciated so much from his stay in the German village-the religious
tolerance the people practice in the area. He observed Pastor Ulmer being able to
get along well with the Catholic priest in the area, something that will not be
possible in the Philippines as that time due to the dominant belief of the friars
that only they were the only true transmitters of the words of God.
 First Correspondence with
Blumentritt
•Rizal sent his first correspondence with Ferdinand Blumentritt, after his summer
vacation at Wilhelmsfeld, on July 31, 1886.
•What impelled him to write Blumentritt was the latter's interest in the ethnology
and Philippine languages Accompanied was a book entitled, "Arithmetica"
authored by Rufino Baltazar Hernandez and published by UST press in 1868.
•Rizal's first correspondence impressed Blumentritt, the Director of the Ateneo of
Leitmeritz. In return, Blumentritt sent Rizal two books.
•This marked the beginning of the frequent communication between Rizal and
Blumentritt through the medium of writing. Similarly, it signalled the
commencement of a lasting friendship between them.
 Rizal to Leipzig and
Dresden
•After attending the fifth centenary foundation day celebration of the University of
Heidelberg.Rizal visited other cities in Germany
•August 14, 1886- Rizal arrived in Leipzig on board on a train.
•Rizal attended the lectures given by the German professors in history and
psychology.
•While at Leipzig, Rizal worked as a proof-reader in a publishing company to
augment his allowance. He was fortunate enough to be accepted due to his
knowledge of German, Spanish, and other European languages. Owing to the
lower cost of living at Leipzig, he stayed in the city for two months.
 Rizal came to know:
Prof. Friedrich Ratzel- a well-known German historian.
Dr. Hans Meyer- a famous German anthropologist.
Rizal translated Schiller's William Tell into Tagalog for the Filipinos to
become aware of the story of the champion of Swiss Independence.
He also translated the Fairy Tales written by Hans Christian Andersen
for the benefit of his young nice and nephews in the Philippines.
October 29, 1886- Rizal left Leipzig and went to Dresden where he met
Dr. Adolph Meyer, the Director of Anthropological and Ethnological
Museum
 Rizal in Berlin
November 1, 1886- Rizal left Dresden for Berlin by train.
He went to Berlin due to the following reasons:
◦ 1. to further enhance his knowledge of ophthalmology
◦ 2. to supplement his studies of languages and sciences
◦ 3. To study and observe the political and economic conditions
of Germany
◦ 4. To join the circle of famous German Scientists and scholars
◦ 5. To complete publish his novel, Noli Me Tangere
•Rizal admired the book Travels in the Philippines authored by Dr.
Feodor Jagor for two reasons;
• It predicted the collapse of the Spanish regime in the Philippines.
• It prophesied the coming of the Americans into the Philippines
•Acquaintance with Jagor and letter of introduction from Blumentritt,
resulted in befriending numerous German intellectuals
• Dr. Rudolf Virchow - German Anthropologist.
• Dr. Hans Virchow-German Professor of Descriptive Anatomy
• Dr. W. Joest- famous German Geographer.
• Dr. Karl Ernest Schweigger - a noted German Ophthalmologist