OVERVIEW BASIC FOUNDATION

FOUNDATION FIELDBUS

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Table of Contents

1
OBJECTIVES
2
INTRODUCTION
3
INSTALLATION & NETWORK
4
INSTALLATION & COMPONENTS

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 OBJECTIVES

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Objectives

 To introduce foundation™ fieldbus technology.

 To describe and demonstrate how to install and configure foundation
fieldbus control systems.
 To illustrate the use and benefits of fieldbus with examples.
 To describe how to analyze the segment.

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 INTRODUCTION

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Introduction

FOUNDATION fieldbus is a real-time digital communication network designed specifically for

process control applications. It replaces analog 4-20 mA and on/off signals for connecting
instruments like transmitters, analyzers, control valve positioners, and on/off valves to
distributed control systems (DCS), programmable logic controllers (PLC), remote terminal
units (RTU), and other automation systems.

FOUNDATION fieldbus has the smallest hardware footprint of any technology in process
automation. It provides an all-digital solution from the sensor to actuator, completely
eliminating the need for analog 4-20 mA signals and significantly reducing the overall
amount of equipment needed. It also takes the place of proprietary protocols previously
used with electric actuators/motor-operated valves (MOV), gas chromatographs, and tank
gauging systems. Communication is time-synchronized and scheduled to ensure
deterministic closed loop digital control. Multiple devices, each with multiple I/O signals,
share the same bus.

FOUNDATION fieldbus supports long cable lengths to junction boxes far into the field, as well
as long spurs for devices. Fieldbus-based control systems employ two-wire twisted pair cable
and provide intrinsically safe or non-incendive device power suitable for all hazardous areas.
Unrestricted access to field device intelligence enables centralized configuration/setup and
diagnostics for all field instruments, including
discrete sensors and actuators.

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 INSTALLATION & NETWORK

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Fieldbus Wiring Guide

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Building the Network

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Building the Network

The only changes are:

1. The control system’s 4-20 mA interface is replaced with one that “talks” FOUNDATION
fieldbus. We called it a FOUNDATION Fieldbus Interface (FFI). This FFI could, in fact, be
in a personal computer or a PLC.

2. The analog field device is replaced with one that talks FOUNDATION fieldbus.

3. A terminator is added at the FFI end of the wire pair. Another terminator is added at the
field device end of the wire pair. The FFI may have a built-in terminator so that you don’t
have to add one.

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Building the Network

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Fieldbus Segment

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Fieldbus Segment

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Fieldbus
SegmentSegment
Calculation

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Fieldbus Segment

Fieldbus Network With Additional Devices Added

Fieldbus Network With Chained Devices

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Fieldbus Wiring

Terminator Terminator

Fieldbus Wire

Fieldbus Signal
Power Isolation
Supply Circuit

24v Nom Fieldbus Devices

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Fieldbus Topology

Foundation Fieldbus
Topology ‘Bus’

Foundation Fieldbus
Topology ‘Tree’

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Powered and Unpowered

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Bus Topology

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Tree Topology

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Daisy Chain Topology

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Point-to-Point Topology

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HART 4-20 mA Topology

System Conventional – DCS/PLC

Topology ‘Star’

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 COMPONENT & INSTALLATION

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Component

Repeaters are active bus powered, or non-bus powered devices, used to extend a fieldbus
network.
A maximum of four (4) repeaters and/or active couplers can be used between any two
devices on a fieldbus network Using four repeaters, the maximum distance between any
two devices on that network is 9500 m.

A Bridge is an active bus powered, or non-bus powered device, used to connect fieldbus
segments of different speeds (and/or physical layers - e.g. wire, optical fiber,..) together to
form a larger network.

A Gateway is an active bus powered, or non-bus powered device, used to connect a

fieldbus segment or segments to other types of communications protocols (e.g. Ethernet,
RS232, ..).

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Addition of a Device and a Bridge to Fieldbus Network

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Spurs and Repeaters

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Repeater Connection

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Shielded Twisted Pair Cables

Several
Manufacturers of
Fieldbus Cable

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Shielded Twisted Pair Cable

Shield with
90% Coverage

Cable
Jacket Two Colors of
Power/Signal Wire Shield
Drain
Wire

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Shielding (Screening)

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Cabling

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Cable Characteristics

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Cable Types / Bus Segment Length

Cable Type Gauge No. Max. Length

A: Twisted-pair with Shield

H1 (31.25kbps) #18AWG 1900 m
B: Multi-twisted-pair with Shield
H1 (31.25kps) #22AWG 1200 m
C: Twisted-pair without Shield
H1 (31.25kbps) #22AWG 400 m
D: Multi-core with Shield
H1 (31.25kbps) #16AWG 200 m

Any existing, good quality #18 AWG twisted pair cable can be
used for fieldbus.

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Wiring Two Devices on a Segment

J-Box J-Box
T Single or multi-pair cable T

Power supply not shown

T = Terminators, in J-Box Spur
Spurs with one device are limited to
120 meters each

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Increasing the Length of a Network

 A repeater is an active device used to extend the length of a fieldbus

Fieldbus Segments

T T
T = Terminator
T T
Fieldbus
Repeater

Up to 1900 meters

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Maximum Length of a Network

 A maximum of four repeaters can be used between any two

devices on a fieldbus network
 Using four repeaters, the maximum distance between any two
devices on the network is 9500 meters; 31,168 feet; or 5.9
miles

Fieldbus Segments

T T

T T T T T T T T
Fieldbus Fieldbus Fieldbus Fieldbus T =Terminator
Repeater Repeater Repeater Repeater

Fieldbus Network - up to 5.9 miles

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Wiring Using Tree Topology

J-Box
T
HMI Homerun Cable
T

120
Meter
Spur
This fieldbus includes 4 devices and 3
devices on three spurs, so maximum
spur length is 120 meters (next
table)
Power supply not shown
T
= Terminators

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Maximum Spur Lengths

Recommended Maximum Spur Length

Total Devices 1 Device 2 Devices 3 Devices 4 Devices

On Segment per Spur per Spur per Spur per Spur

25 - 32 1m 1m 1m 1m

19 - 24 30 m 1m 1m 1m

15 - 18 60 m 30 m 1m 1m

13 - 14 90 m 60 m 30 m 1m

2 - 12 120 m 90 m 60 m 1m

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Cable Length Calculation

Cable Type H1 Total Length*

A 1900 m / 6234 ft
B 1200 m / 3937 ft
Homerun C 400 m / 1312 ft
Cable D 200 m / 656 ft

J Box # of Devices Total Max Spur Length**

Spur 25 - 32 1m / 3 ft
Field Devices 19 - 24 30 m / 98 ft
15 - 18 60 m / 197 ft
13 - 14 90 m / 295 ft
2 - 12 120 m / 394 ft

* Total length including all spurs

Terminators and power supplies not shown ** Maximum length of any spur

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Exceeds Maximum Spur Length

J Box J Box
T Homerun cable T 500 m

500 m
No Good
J Box

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Correct Installation

J Box J Box
T Homerun cable Fieldbus T T
Repeater
500 m

500 m

T
J Box

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More Control with Installed Wires

J-Box

Fieldbus devices

J-Box
Three existing T T
4-20 mA Pairs
Three existing
pairs, one used
for fieldbus

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Polarity
• The Manchester signal used by fieldbus is an alternating voltage that changes polarity
once or twice per bit.

• In unpowered networks only this alternating voltage exists.

• In powered networks the alternating voltage is superimposed onto the DC voltage being
used to power the devices.

• In either case, the fieldbus receive circuits look at only the alternating voltage.

• Positive voltage swings have one meaning, negative swings have the opposite meaning.

• Therefore, the fieldbus signal is polarized. Field devices must be connected so that they
all see the signal in correct polarity.

• If a field device is connected “backwards” it will see an inverted version of the alternating
voltage and won’t be able to communicate.

• Fieldbus devices may be sensitive to polarity.

• Therefore, treat all devices as polarity sensitive until all your suppliers say their devices
are not polarity sensitive.

• Fieldbus twisted pairs cables are required to indicate polarity (color coding of
conductors).

• Polarity should be maintained through all connection points.

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Short Circuit Protection

Short circuit protection has logic that detects a short,

removes the shorted circuit from the segment, and
lights a LED. This prevents a short from affecting the
segment.

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Short Circuit Protection

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DC Power for Two-Wire Field Devices

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Short Circuit Protection

If you have 2-wire field devices in your network, you have to make sure they
have enough voltage to operate.

Each device should have at least 9 volts.

You need to know:

1. The current consumption of each device.

2. Its location on the network.
3. The location of the power supply on the network.
4. The resistance of each cable section.
5. The power supply voltage.

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Short Circuit Protection

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Installation

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Terminators
A terminator is an impedance matching
module used at or near each end of a
transmission line also a fieldbus segment
to prevent reflections of signals

There need to be two (and ONLY TWO)

terminators per bus segment.

The terminators prevent distortion and

signal loss, and are typically purchased
and installed as a preassembled, sealed
module.

The user/installer need not be concerned

about or assemble individual electrical
resistors and capacitors.

Rule of thumb: place terminators as far

apart as possible

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Terminal Blocks

Inside Junction Box

To
Control
Building

Twisted
(Single or Pair
Multi-Pair)
(Shielded)
(Shielded)

Field Devices

Fieldbus Shields not shown

Terminator

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Fieldbus Terminal Blocks

 Screw, plug, or
compression
(shown)
terminations
 Embedded parallel
wiring of same
color terminals
 Embedded
terminators
 Embedded LED to
show bus power ON

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Terminal Blocks

Terminal blocks can be the same terminal blocks as used for 4-20 mA.
The terminal blocks typically provide multiple bus connections, such that a device
can be wired to any set of bus terminals.

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Terminal Blocks

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Terminal Blocks

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Terminal Blocks

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Power Supply

• Wide input range:

90-264 VAC (47-440 Hz)
127-367 VDC
• 24 VDC, 1.5 A output.
• Galvanically isolated
• Failure indication and output

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Power Conditioner
 A power conditioner is a power supply impedance matching
network and is required
 May be integral to the fieldbus power supply or external
 May contain either

“traditional” inductors
or the electronic
equivalent

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Power Conditioner

• A fieldbus power conditioner prevents the high frequency

communications signal from being shorted out by the DC voltage
regulators.
• Typical power conditioners make 350 to 500mA available on the
bus.

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Grounding

 Grounding rules used in the installation of the fieldbus should

follow current standard practices based on company/plant
standards and applicable international standards
 Fieldbus shield should only be grounded at one point
 Fieldbus devices should not connect either conductor of the twisted
pair to ground at any point in the network
 Shield may not be used as a power conductor

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Grounding

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Preferred Earthing Arrangement

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Alternative earthing arrangement for improved EMC performance

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Multiple grounding with potential equalization

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Interface Connection

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Summary - Preparing for Fieldbus

 Select appropriate wire type and size for fieldbus application

 Locate junction boxes in strategic locations
 Power and terminate segment properly
 Locate loop devices on one network, if possible
 Avoid
 Segments and spurs that are too long
 Too many devices on one network
 Loop devices on more than one segment
 Series wiring

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