UNIT-4

PHP
What is PHP?
• Server-side scripting language.
• PHP stands for "PHP Hypertext Preprocessor“
• PHP is a widely-used, open source.
• PHP scripts are executed on the server
• Used to make web pages dynamic:
• interface with other services: database, e-mail, etc
• PHP code can be embedded in HTML5 code
PHP history
• Created in 1994 by Rasmus Lerdorf,
• Originally called “Personal Home Page” language.
• He did not intend PHP to be come a new programming
language.
• He open sourced it and it grew on its own.
• Graduated  University of Waterloo in Applied Science in
System Engineering
Features of PHP
• Simplicity
• Clearly written manual
• Consistent and logical syntax
• It may take only two hours.
• It has Kiss principle for (Keep it simple stupid).
•Portability
•work on different platforms
•Speed
•run faster that most scripting languages
Features of PHP
• Open source
• its source code is freely available on the web
•Extensible
•it can support new technology and add new methods
PHP Basic Syntax
• A PHP script can be placed anywhere in the document.
• A PHP script starts with
<?php and ends with ?>:
XAMPP SERVER
• XAMPP is an open-source web server solution package. It is mainly
used for web application testing on a local host webserver.
• XAMPP stands for:
• X = Cross-platform
• A = Apache Server
• M = MariaDB
• P = PHP
• P = Perl
Why Do You Need XAMPP?
• To run any PHP program, you will need Apache or MYSQL databases,
both supported by XAMPP.

• XAMPP helps you to run your program smoothly.

Steps
• 1. Go to “C:\xampp\htdocs” and inside it, create a folder. Let’s call it
“demo”. It’s considered good practice to create a new folder for
every project you work on.
• 2. Inside the demo folder, create a new text file and name it “index.php”
and write the following script
• 3. Now, to see the script output, open the XAMPP control panel and
start Apache to host the local webserver, where our script will be
running.
• 4. Now navigate to your browser and type in “localhost/demo/”
in the address bar to view the output.
Example
echo and print Statements
• In PHP there are two basic ways to get output: echo and print.
• echo can take multiple parameters (although such usage is rare)
while print can take one argument.

• The echo statement can be used with or without parentheses:

echo or echo()
The print statement can be used with or without parentheses: print or
print().
Comments in PHP
• A comment in PHP code is a line that is not read/executed as part of the
program
Data Types
• Variables can store data of different types, and different data types
can do different things.
• String
• Integer
• Float (floating point numbers - also called double)
• Boolean
• Array
• Object
• NULL
• Resource
PHP String
String Functions
• The PHP strlen() function returns the length of a string.
• The PHP str_word_count() function counts the number of words in a
string
• The PHP strrev() function reverses a string
• The PHP strpos() function searches for a specific text within a string.
• The PHP str_replace() function replaces some characters with some
other characters in a string.
Example
PHP Integer
• An integer data type is a non-decimal number between -
2,147,483,648 and 2,147,483,647.
• Rules for integers:
• An integer must have at least one digit
• An integer must not have a decimal point
• An integer can be either positive or negative
• Integers can be specified in three formats: decimal (10-based), hexadecimal
(16 based - prefixed with 0x) or octal (8-based - prefixed with 0)
• In the following example $x is an integer. The PHP var_dump() function
returns the data type and value:
Example
PHP Float
• A float (floating point number) is
a number with a decimal point
or a number in exponential
form.
• In the following example $x is a
float. The PHP var_dump()
function returns the data type
and value:
PHP Boolean
• A Boolean represents two possible states: TRUE or FALSE.
• $x = true;
• $y = false;
PHP Array
• An array stores multiple values in one single variable:
Variables
• Variables are "containers" for storing
information.
• Creating (Declaring) PHP Variables
• In PHP, a variable starts with the $ sign, followed
by the name of the variable:
Rules for PHP variables:
• A variable starts with the $ sign, followed by the name of the variable
• A variable name must start with a letter or the underscore character
• A variable name cannot start with a number
• A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and
underscores (A_x0002_z, 0-9, and _ )
• Variable names are case-sensitive ($age and $AGE are two different
variables)
Output Variables
• The PHP echo statement is often used to output data to the screen.
PHP Variables Scope
• PHP has three different variable scopes:
• local
• global
• static
•Global and Local Scope
• A variable declared outside a function has a GLOBAL SCOPE and can only be accessed outside
a function:
• A variable declared within a function has a LOCAL SCOPE and can only be accessed within that
function:
Example
PHP Operators
• Arithmetic operators
• Assignment operators
• Comparison operators
• Increment/Decrement operators
• Logical operators
• String operators
• Array operators
Example
<?php
$x=100;
$y=60;
echo "The sum of x and y is : ". ($x+$y) ."<br />";
echo "The difference between x and y is : ". ($x-$y) ."<br />";
echo "Multiplication of x and y : ". ($x*$y) ."<br />";
echo "Division of x and y : ". ($x/$y) ."<br />";
echo "Modulus of x and y : " . ($x%$y) ."<br />";
?>
PHP Conditional Statements
if Syntax
if (condition) {
code to be executed if condition is true;
}
The if...else Statement
Syntax:
if (condition) {
code to be executed if
condition is true;
} else {
code to be executed if
condition is false;
}
The if...elseif ....else Statement
PHP Switch Statement
Example
PHP Loops
The PHP while Loop
The PHP for Loop
The PHP foreach Loop