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The Process of Writing

There are several key stages to the writing process: prewriting, drafting, and revising. Prewriting involves choosing a topic, determining the audience and purpose, and exploring the topic. Drafting is the initial writing stage where a first full version is composed. Revising is finding and correcting problems with content by adding, rearranging, removing, or replacing ideas to make them clearer and stronger. Each stage is essential for effective writing.

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62 views

The Process of Writing

There are several key stages to the writing process: prewriting, drafting, and revising. Prewriting involves choosing a topic, determining the audience and purpose, and exploring the topic. Drafting is the initial writing stage where a first full version is composed. Revising is finding and correcting problems with content by adding, rearranging, removing, or replacing ideas to make them clearer and stronger. Each stage is essential for effective writing.

Uploaded by

2022473608
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THE PROCESS OF WRITING

Academy of Language Studies


UiTM Cawangan Sarawak
Kampus Samarahan
Stages of Writing
There are several stages to the
writing process.
Each stage is essential.

Drafting Editing +
Prewriting Revising
(Writing) Publishing
1. PreWriting
• Choose/narrow your topic
• Determine your
• Audience
• Purpose
• Tone
• Point-of-view
• Tense
• Explore your topic
Choose/Narrow Your Topic
• Your topic should pass the 3-question
test:

1. Does it interest me?

2. Do I have something to say about it?

3. Is it specific?
Determine Your Audience
• Your audience is composed of those
who will read your writing.
• Ask yourself:
– Who are my readers?
– What do my readers know about my topic?
– What do my readers need to know about
my topic?
– How do my readers feel about my topic?
Audience continued. . .
– What do my readers expect?
• Standard written English
• Correct grammar and spelling
• Accurate information
• Logical presentation of ideas
• Followed directions of the assignment!!!
– What are my length requirements?
– What is my time limit?
– What does the assignment consist of?
– Is research required?
– What format should be used?
Determine Your Purpose
• Purpose is the reason you are writing.
• Whenever you write, you always have a
purpose. Most writing fits into one of 3
categories:
– Expressive Writing
– Informative Writing
– Persuasive Writing
• More than one of these may be used, but
one will be primary.
Determine Tone
• Tone is the mood or attitude you adopt
as you write.

– Serious or humorous?
– Straightforward?
– Intimate or detached?
– Formal or informal?
Determine Point-of-View
• Point-of-view is the perspective from
which you write an essay.
• There are 3 points-of-view:
– First person—”I, we”
– Second person—”you”
– Third person—”he, she, they”
• One of the most common errors in
writing occurs when the writer shifts
point-of-view unnecessarily.
Determine Tense
• Tense is the voice you use to designate
the time of the action or state of being.
– Present tense
– Past tense
– Future tense
Explore Your Topic

Pre-writing Techniques:
Brainstorming/Listing
Freewriting
Clustering/Mapping
Questioning
Discussing
Outlining
2. Drafting
• During the writing stage, you should
– Create your essay’s title
– Compose a draft
• A draft is the first whole version of all your
ideas put together.
• You should plan to revise your draft several
times throughout the writing process.
2. Drafting
Write it down…
– Are my thoughts organized?
• Do I stick with the same idea throughout my
writing?
• Do I know what order I want to say things in?
– Which ideas do I want to develop?
• On your prewriting identify the ideas which
you must use, might use, and will not use.
• Do not cross anything out. You may decide at a
later time to use it.
• What ideas should I develop further?
2. Drafting
Write it down…
– In what order do I want to say my ideas?
• The Order is the sequence in which you
present your ideas.
• Place them in the order that would make the
most logical sense.
• If you are dealing with time, make sure they
are in chronological order.
Creating Your Title
• Your essay’s title SHOULD:
– Be original
– Be a reasonable length
– Reflect your topic
– Be lively and attention-getting
• Your title SHOULD NOT:
– Be generic
– Be in ALL CAPS
– Be in boldface, “quotation marks,” underlined, or
italicized
– Be followed by a period
Titles, continued
• Capitalization rules for titles:
– Always capitalize the first letter of the first
word and the last word.
– Capitalize the first letter of each
“important” word in between the first and
last words.
• Do not capitalize articles (a, an, the)
• Do not capitalize coordinating conjunctions
(and, but, or, etc.)
• Do not capitalize prepositions (on, at, in, off,
etc.)
Effective vs. Ineffective Titles
• Topic: Cheating in College
• Effective Titles:
– Cheaters Never Win!
– Cheating in Higher Education
– Why Do Students Cheat?
• Ineffective Titles:
– Don’t Do It!
– Cheating
– Students Cheat for Many Different Reasons.
3. Revising
• Revising is finding & correcting problems with
content; changing the ideas in your writing to
make them clearer, stronger, and more
convincing.

• Revising looks at the “Big Picture”—the Idea


level.

• The revision stage is sometimes summed up


with the A.R.R.R.
– (Adding, Rearranging, Removing, Replacing)
approach:
Revising
• Adding
– What else does the reader need to know?
If you haven’t met the required word-
count, what areas could you expand on?
• Rearranging
– Even when you’ve planned your piece,
sections may need rearranging.
Revising
• Removing
– Sometimes, one of your ideas doesn’t work
out. Perhaps you’ve gone over the word
count, and you need to take out a few
paragraphs.
• Replacing
– Would more vivid details help bring your
piece to life? Do you need to look for
stronger examples and quotations to
support your argument?
Revision Tips
• Take a break from your draft before
attempting to revise.
• Read your draft out loud and listen to
your words.
• Imagine yourself as your reader.
• Look for consistent problem areas.
• Get feedback from peers.
• Get help from a tutor!
THANK YOU!

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