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    4.the Act Lesson 2

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    Kc Garcia
    Hume believed that moral judgments are based on feelings, not reason alone. He argued that reason allows us to make judgments about empirical facts and logical relations, but feelings produce our moral assessments. Thomas Nagel criticized Hume's view, arguing that morality must be objective and based on impartial reason, not subjective feelings. Nagel used the example of Tracy Latimer's death, where her father killed her due to her disabilities, to show that morality cannot be based on personal feelings alone but must consider how actions affect others impartially. The 8-step moral reasoning process also aims to make decisions through objective and impartial principles rather than subjective feelings.

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    4.the Act Lesson 2

    Uploaded by

    Kc Garcia
    15 views14 pages
    Hume believed that moral judgments are based on feelings, not reason alone. He argued that reason allows us to make judgments about empirical facts and logical relations, but feelings produce our moral assessments. Thomas Nagel criticized Hume's view, arguing that morality must be objective and based on impartial reason, not subjective feelings. Nagel used the example of Tracy Latimer's death, where her father killed her due to her disabilities, to show that morality cannot be based on personal feelings alone but must consider how actions affect others impartially. The 8-step moral reasoning process also aims to make decisions through objective and impartial principles rather than subjective feelings.

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    All about ethics

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    4.The-Act-Lesson-2

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    Hume believed that moral judgments are based on feelings, not reason alone. He argued that reason allows us to make judgments about empirical facts and logical relations, but feelings produce our moral assessments. Thomas Nagel criticized Hume's view, arguing that morality must be objective and based on impartial reason, not subjective feelings. Nagel used the example of Tracy Latimer's death, where her father killed her due to her disabilities, to show that morality cannot be based on personal feelings alone but must consider how actions affect others impartially. The 8-step moral reasoning process also aims to make decisions through objective and impartial principles rather than subjective feelings.

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    15 views14 pages

    4.the Act Lesson 2

    Uploaded by

    Kc Garcia
    Hume believed that moral judgments are based on feelings, not reason alone. He argued that reason allows us to make judgments about empirical facts and logical relations, but feelings produce our moral assessments. Thomas Nagel criticized Hume's view, arguing that morality must be objective and based on impartial reason, not subjective feelings. Nagel used the example of Tracy Latimer's death, where her father killed her due to her disabilities, to show that morality cannot be based on personal feelings alone but must consider how actions affect others impartially. The 8-step moral reasoning process also aims to make decisions through objective and impartial principles rather than subjective feelings.

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    You are on page 1of 14

    THE ACT

    When the human person is placed in a moral dilemma,


    his decision can be greatly affected by his feelings
    making it subjective.
    FEELINGS AND MORALITY

    Virtue is in conformity to reason. Like truth, morality is


    discerned merely by ideas.

    In order to distinguish the good and the bad, we have to


    consider reason alone. (Hume 2004, 59).

    PERFORMANCE TASK
    WHO IS DAVID HUME?
    • Hume was born and raised in a poor Scottish family in
    Edinburgh. Due to the death of his father on the same year
    that he was born, his widowed mother raised him alone
    under the strict Presbyterian regimen.

    • Educated by his mother and left for the University of


    Edinburgh at 11 then left the university at 15 without
    finishing his initial degree since he wants to devote himself
    in Philosophy and Literature.
    LIFE IN FRANCE FROM 1734-1737
    AT LA FLECHE IN ANJOU. T
    • He was really religious before however, he lost his faith
    and stated that after reading other philosopher’s works, he
    never again “entertained any belief in religion”.

    • Through the Jesuit College, he was able to write his first


    work called the “Treatise of Human Nature”. Hume’s work
    became the center of criticism and empiricism of the 18th
    century German idealists and the 19th century British
    idealists. After his death, the British empiricists in the 20th
    century called it as the greatest work of philosophy in the
    English language.
    PHILOSOPHER
    DURING
    S
    HUME'S
    TIME • Church scholars believed that the religion
    is a necessary foundation for morality.

    • Western thinkers believed that the


    foundation for morality is the reason
    ANCIENT PERIOD

    PLATO STOICS
    They believed that each
    He said that the person shares a common
    function of reason is element: reason. Because
    to rule the appetites every man has a reason,
    and the emotions. everyone, therefore, has a
    right reason in common,
    and this right reason is
    Law.
    MODERN PERIOD
    RENE DESCARTES
    • Rene Descartes held that reason ha
    prominence over church law and religious
    doctrines. In matters of morality, reason
    must have the prevalence.

    DAVID HUME
    • Hume believed that moral judgements are formed not only • Hume held that the judgment of good and evil of an
    by reason alone, but through feelings. He said reason, "is act is not a new fact discovered or deduced by
    not sufficient to produce any moral blame or approbation" reason.

    • The reason makes judgement concerning the truth of • Hume believed that feelings and agreeableness can
    empirical “matter of fact” and analytical “relations on be considered as a clear criterion of moral
    ideas”, while on the other hand, moral assessments are judgement.
    emotional reactions.
    CRITIQUE ON HUME’S ETHICAL
    PRINCIPLE
    Moralists are trying to establish a universal principle on how to determine
    whether the action is to be considered morally acceptable or not.

    RATIONAL RELIGIOUS REASON AND


    MORALIST MORALIST IMPARTIALITY

    • Thomas Nagel believed that


    • Morality must be absolute • It was difficult for them to morality must be rooted not in
    and universal. For it to accept Hume’s moral point of feelings or emotions because
    become absolute and view as he did not include that will make morality
    universal, it must be God’s role in determining the subjective. One example we
    grounded on reason. morality of one’s action. can mention is the case of Tracy
    Latimer’s death.
    REASON AND IMPARTIALITY
    THOMAS NAGEL
    • American Philosopher
    • Believes that Morality must be objective since no matter how great
    our feelings (products of prejudice, selfishness or cultural
    conditioning) can be, it will note be considered as a basis for a
    universal moral principle.
    • Basis of morality must be on the happiness that one's action may
    cause to others, if it cause har then the action is bad.

    Example:
    Tracy Latimer, a 12-year-old victim of cerebral palsy, was killed by her father in 1993. Tracy lived with her family on a prairie
    farm in Saskatchewan, Canada. One Sunday morning while his wife and other children were at church, Robert Latimer put Tracy in
    the cab of his pickup truck and piped in exhaust fumes until she died. At the time of her death, Tracy weighed less than 40 pounds,
    and she was described as “functioning at the mental level of a three-month-old baby.” Mrs. Latimer said that she was relieved to find
    Tracy dead when she arrived home and added that she “didn’t have the courage” to do it herself.

    Robert Latimer was tried for murder, but the judge and jury did not want to treat him harshly. The jury found him guilty of only
    second-degree murder and recommended that the judge ignore the mandatory 10-year sentence. The judge agreed and sentenced him
    to one year in prison, followed by a year of confinement to his farm. But the Supreme Court of Canada stepped in and ruled that the
    mandatory sentence must be imposed. Robert Latimer entered prison in 2001 and was paroled in 2008. (Rachel&Rachel, 7-8)
    8 STEPS TO MORAL REASONING
    PROCESS
    Gather the Facts Review Relevant

    01 Ethical dilemmas can be


    resolved simply by clarifying
    the facts of the case in question.
    03 Ethical Guidelines.
    It is important to determine the
    different ethical guidelines in order to
    determine which can be best applied to
    the issue.

    Define the Ethical Issues Obtain Consultation


    02 Ethical issues are considered as
    the competing interests or goods
    04 Obtain consultation. The views of
    people may not be our final ethical
    decision.
    8 STEPS TO MORAL REASONING
    PROCESS
    List Alternatives of Weigh the Consequences
    05 07
    Course Action
    At this point, it is important to take note
    The more alternatives that can be of both the positive and the negative
    listed, the better the chance that the consequences.
    list will include some high-quality
    alternative for a better decision.

    Compare the alternatives Make a Decision


    06 with the Principles
    From the listed alternatives, the next step
    is to connect the alternatives with the
    moral principles that have a bearing on
    08 After weighing the consequences, as
    decision has to be made.

    the case.
    The method may not always guarantee that the decision that
    will be made is the best decision. Hence, it will still be
    important to consider whether the action will be beneficial to
    other people or not.
    THANK YOU

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