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Lesson 2 Environment and ECOLOGY Part 5

The document discusses the living components of ecosystems, including producers, consumers, and decomposers. Producers such as plants are autotrophs that can produce their own food, typically through photosynthesis, while consumers cannot produce their own food and obtain energy by consuming other organisms. Decomposers break down dead or waste organic matter and release nutrients back into the environment.

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Ma. Angelyka Abubo
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51 views25 pages

Lesson 2 Environment and ECOLOGY Part 5

The document discusses the living components of ecosystems, including producers, consumers, and decomposers. Producers such as plants are autotrophs that can produce their own food, typically through photosynthesis, while consumers cannot produce their own food and obtain energy by consuming other organisms. Decomposers break down dead or waste organic matter and release nutrients back into the environment.

Uploaded by

Ma. Angelyka Abubo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Living Components of Ecosystems

1 Producers

2 Consumers

For Friday 430 March 3


3/5/2023 1
1 Producers (Autotrophs)

• Producers make their own food (usually


through photosynthesis) • Algae
• Kelp forest
• Example: Makahiya Plant • phytoplankton
(Mimosa pudica)
1 Producers (Autotrophs)

• Producers make their own food (usually


through photosynthesis)
• Algae
• Kelp forest
• phytoplankton

Light energy
Carbon dioxide + water ---------------------- glucose + oxygen
Choloroplasts

Glucose: C6H12O6
Photoautotrophs

Synthesize organic
molecules using
carbon dioxide as a
source of carbon and
light as an energy
source.

Photosynthetic
autotrophs

Kelp: large, brown algae seaweeds


Energy Flows through Ecosystems

organic
molecule

uses oxygen to
convert glucose back
into carbon dioxide
and water
2 Consumers (Heterotrophs)

• Consumers can not manufacture their own food.


• Example: Dog (Canis familiaris)

bottlenose dolphin,
Tursiops truncatus
 Koala(Phascolarctos cinereus) feeds only on leaves
from eucalyptus trees in Australia.

11/09/2023
Learning check

Prepare ½ cw

11/09/2023
Learning check

1. Producers are
a. autotrophs. d. omnivores.
b. herbivores. e. carnivores
c. Both a and b are correct

2. Trees are especially good at storing carbon removed


from the atmosphere by the process, known as _____.
products of photosynthesis

3. Which are the direct products/ indirect products of photosynthesis? Why?

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings


4. In the photosynthesis process, plants use light energy to convert
water and CO2 into ____ and _____.

a) Carbon dioxide and oxygen


b) Water and oxygen
c) Carbohydrates and water
d) Oxygen and Carbohydrates
2 Consumers
Types of Consumer

• Primary consumers, or herbivores (plant eaters), are animals such as


rabbits, grasshoppers, deer, and zooplankton that eat producers, mostly by
feeding on green plants.
• Secondary consumers, or carnivores (meat eaters), are animals such as
spiders, hyenas, birds, frogs, and some zooplankton-eating fish, all of which
feed on the flesh of herbivores.
• Third- and higher-level consumers are carnivores such as tigers, wolves,
mice-eating snakes, hawks, and killer whales (orcas) that feed on the flesh of
other carnivores.
• Top predators/apex predators do not have natural enemies except humans.
Lions, great white shark, mountain lion, eagle
A southern sea otter with a purple sea sea urchin (kelp’s natural predator)
urchin in Monterey Bay, California

Purple urchins
feed on Kelp
• Which of the following would be a primary consumer in a vegetable
garden?
a. Aphid sucking sap from cucumber leaves
b. Lady beetle eating aphids
c. Songbird eating lady beetles
d. Fox eating song birds
e. All of the above are correct
2 Consumers

Types of Consumer

• Omnivores such as pigs, foxes, cockroaches, and humans, play dual roles by feeding
on both plants and animals.
• Detritus feeders, or detritivores, feed on the wastes or dead bodies of
other organisms, called detritus (debris). Examples include small
organisms such as ants, mites and earthworms, crabs, larger scavenger
organisms such as vultures.
• Decomposers, primarily certain types of bacteria and fungi, are consumers that
release nutrients from the dead bodies of plants and animals and return them to
the soil, water, and air for reuse by producers.
• Which of the following organisms is a
primary consumer?
A) an autotroph
B) a horse parasite
C) an oak tree parasite
D) a wolf
E) a seaweed
Nature has its own recycling system:
Detritivores and Decomposers

Detritus is
partially
decomposed
matter in the
soil or water.
A world with no decomposers?
Producer or Consumer?
Venus flytrap
sundew

Due to a lack of nutrients in the soil,


specifically nitrogen, these plants have
adapted to use insects as their primary Venus flytrap – producer
nitrogen source. Fly - consumer
ingest non-living
organic matter
• Saprophytes undergo extracellular digestion.
How? bacteria & fungi
They secrete digestive enzymes on decomposing
matter, breaking down into smaller components.

• During the digestion process, the proteins are broken


into simpler amino acids, carbohydrates into glucose,
and fats into glycerol and fatty acids.
• The nutrients thus produced are absorbed directly
through the cell membranes of the saprophytes.
absorptive nutrition
Any Question?
Energy flows through ecosystem

For MWF 430 on Monday, March 6


And 5:30

For Tuesday, March 7@ 10:30 and 230

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