DEFINITION

• What is landscape

Landmarks are things that can be seen on the earth, such as

physical features like topography, living components like plants
and animals, abstract features like lighting and weather, and
human features like populated areas and human activity.

In the 16th century, when Dutch painters were on the verge of

becoming masters of landscape painting, the word "Landscape,"
which was first documented in 1598, was used as a name for
artists. Prior to acquiring the aesthetic connotation that entered
the English language, the Dutch term "Landscape" merely meant
"area - a piece of land." Now, it is defined as "a picture
representing a landscape."
DEFINITION
• What is landscape

Landmarks are things that can be seen on the earth, such as

physical features like topography, living components like plants
and animals, abstract features like lighting and weather, and
human features like populated areas and human activity.

In the 16th century, when Dutch painters were on the verge of

becoming masters of landscape painting, the word "Landscape,"
which was first documented in 1598, was used as a name for
artists. Prior to acquiring the aesthetic connotation that entered
the English language, the Dutch term "Landscape" merely meant
"area - a piece of land." Now, it is defined as "a picture
representing a landscape."
Landscape design architecture
 Phase 1
Site analysis and study cases

supervised by : eng . Tala Hasinat

theory
DEFINITION
• Landscape architecture

• What is landscape Landscape It is an intricate and multi-step procedure that aims to

Landmarks are things that can be seen on the earth, Create settings that can adjust to their surroundings and location .
such as physical features like topography, living Recognize the requirements and characteristics of the user .
components like plants and animals, abstract features blending the cultures . Be a sustainable person incorporating the
like lighting and weather, and human features like demands of the task.- Whether in a little family garden or a huge
populated areas and human activity. public area, the architectural design of the landscape aims to
shape the space used by people and utilize it as a stage for human
In the 16th century, when Dutch painters were on the activity and enjoyment.
verge of becoming masters of landscape painting, the For projects like gardens and other recreational facilities, roads,
word "Landscape," which was first documented in commercial, industrial and residential sites, and public buildings,
1598, was used as a name for artists. Prior to landscape architects apply technical and scientific principles of
acquiring the aesthetic connotation that entered the research, planning, design, and management of both natural and
English language, the Dutch term "Landscape" merely built environments, plants, and aesthetic planning designs for
meant "area - a piece of land." Now, it is defined as "a wild areas.
picture representing a landscape."
History of Landscape

• In a feudal society, where the title to land was

• By the time the Greeks developed their ancestors'
equated with power, people related to social,
gardens and set an example for them in Rome and political, and economic viewpoints. The gardens
Athens, the idea of creating gardens had spread from were used to demonstrate the might and luxury of
the ancient Egyptians to the Assyrians, Babylonians, the empire, and they were laden with religious
Persians, and Romans. Following the appearance of allegorical meaning. They also served as a setting for
Chinese, Japanese, and Andalusian gardens in their literary narratives in which there was no joy or
well-known Islamic style, French, English, and Italian hunting . We have reached the modern trend that
gardens followed . The religious meanings and combines natural coordination and engineering
spiritual value of these locations and natural coordination in a simple design that reflects the
tendency of man in the modern era to simplicity. The
occurrences were sought to be expressed in the
design of landscape is developing rapidly and
landscapes by ancient societies. Simple indoor fishing successively, its numbers and importance increase,
grounds in Europe and Asia gave rise to the concept and the art of design and coordination develops with
of parks as playgrounds and leisure areas. it.
 Assyrian and Babylonian
A chronology for the landscape gardens

The gardens were built at regular levels (in

Pharaonic Gardens the form of terraces) graded (from six levels
or more), the highest of which is the palace of
The gardens were constructed with the king or the prince or an opulent footpath
symmetrical engineering and straight overlooking On these gardens. They first
lines for solely religious reasons, to appeared in the region between the two rivers
adorn temples and give them enormous (the Tigris and Euphrates) and were
importance in the life of the ancient transported after the Babylonian invasion of
Egyptians . A rectangular water basin Egypt through the symmetrical geometric
with lotus plants and several fish stood pattern.
in the middle of an open landscape. It is
surrounded by herbaceous plants and
blooming shrubs that are spaced out
regularly (including narcissus,
chrysanthemum, apple, and jasmine),
and on the exterior there are rows of Due to the lack of rain in those regions, gardens were built in this style.
sycamore and fig trees, followed by Mountain slopes were divided into flat terraces that were stacked one on
towering date palm trees. top of the other like steps, allowing for irrigation. Columns were built on
the terraces' outer edges to prevent them from collapsing, and a watering
or water pool was built beneath the terraces. It is bordered by cypress,
poplar, nuts, pomegranate, iris, carnations, violets, anemones, and roses
and has water in the shape of a cascade.
A chronology for the
landscape Indian gardens
Its designs have a spiritual theme (such
Persian Gardens as the teachings of Buddha). The
garden was a fusion of Pharaonic and
The garden had a square form and was often
Persian architecture, with ponds, rich
split into four symmetrical sections by two
mosaics, and black granite flooring. It
orthogonal walks. In the center, there is either a
gave off the impression of being a
pergola that grape and rose plants are growing
mirror, reflecting the image of the
on or a circular water well. Along the two
palaces and other structures, and it
parallel roadways is a creek with large trees on
inspired awe and devotion.
either side.

They used statues as a decorative element Because of the regularity of their shape, certain
in their gardens, separating the ornamental conical and other flowering herbs have been
garden from the orchard gardens employed solely in Indian architecture, which
(vegetable and fruit gardens), and they has prioritized architecture above flora. The
adored flowers, so they planted them in Taj Mahal Garden, which was created as a
various seasons in clusters that were close burial site in honor of the wife of the Indian
to one another in order to highlight each Maharaja, is one of the most well-known
type of beauty of the other. gardens in India.
A chronology for the
landscape Japanese Gardens

Andalusian gardens
Its look first appeared during the reign of
Emperor Suiko, and all its lines and
The garden was constructed using square components are reminiscent of natural gardens.
or rectangular geometric shapes that are This ancient fashion has existed for as long as
the nations where Korea, China, and Japan first
abundant on perpendicular pathways that
arose and does not borrow from or reference
are capped by cubes and coated in any earlier fashion or design.
colorful faience tiles . In order to
maximize garden enjoyment, provide
protection from the harms of frequent
invasions, and offer privacy and isolation
from prying eyes, gardens were The garden was seen as a holy space in
constructed in the courtyards of palaces it, not just for ornamentation but also
or houses, encircled by their rooms and for worship and taking in the sights.
their windows overlooking them. along The main concept behind this kind of
the fences to obstruct sight inside. garden design is the creation of natural
lakes topped with wooden or stone
bridges, and hills surrounding the lake
that are covered with trees and shrubs
and include seating areas.
A chronology for the French Gardens
landscape Late in the fourteenth century, it first emerged
(the era of Louis XIV, which is the golden age of
fine arts, especially the art of landscaping). The
Pharaonic, Assyrian, and Indian architectural
Italian Gardens styles were incorporated into the famed gardens
of the Palace of Versailles, which depended on
The Italian Renaissance, which was their design's use of straight lines, under the
responsible for preserving and reviving direction of the French genius engineer André
Lennoter. With the garden's several levels
the old Greek and Roman legacy, began (levels) and the presence of statues, fountains,
at the beginning of the fifteenth century and the water element
and was characterized by the following:
The gardens were created on steep hills
and mountain slopes in a symmetrical
engineering design with multiple
balconies erected walls beneath each
balcony to reinforce and support and English Gardens
keep them from toppling, but they were It appeared during the reign of King
covered by growing trees. Plants have Henry VIII and was invented by the
their place in the garden again. famous English designer Theodore.
After people were tired of the regular
engineering style, which depends
entirely on human ideas, some designers
began to imitate and return to emulation
of nature, so natural gardens began to
appear.
 Types of Landscape
Public parks
A park is a natural, partially natural,
public parks. Rock gardens. or planted area set aside for
recreational purposes, the
preservation of wildlife or natural
ecosystems, or both. Urban parks are
natural areas designated for leisure
within cities and towns. Green places
Roof gardens.
utilized for recreation in the
countryside include national parks
and county parks. State and
provincial governments at the
Botanical Gardens subnational level oversee state parks
Home gardens.
and provincial parks. Parks can have
grassy fields, rocks, dirt, and trees,
but they can also include structures
like playground equipment,
Water parks.
monuments, and fountains.

Submersible rose
gardens
Rural gardens.
 Principles of Landscape

Design axis Simplicity Unit

In a symmetrical engineering design, the Small gardens are limited to choosing a small
Each part of the design should
central line separates the garden into two number of plants with the use of a sufficient
number of each type to make the garden look merely serve to emphasize the
similar half that are mirror images of one design's central principle, which is
another . The axes are hypothetical lines simply; however, in large gardens where their
parts are numerous, each part should be that the garden and the home
that often connect two significant sites
by cutting through greenery, walking separated from the other to avoid complication. should appear to be one cohesive
paths, or both. The garden should be simple, free from one.
exaggeration and complexity. Particularly in the
garden's exposed areas in the same setting
 Principles of Landscape Diversification
One strategy for enhancing coordination, especially
when used tastefully and without overkill, which
provides coordination life, flavor, and beauty Different
Proportion and balance plant species can be arranged so that each type of
In order to make a small garden appear larger, the roads are beauty appears without competition; as a result, they
all appear, despite their diversity, as if they were a
narrow, and the flower beds are few. The sizes of the trees
single organism. Diversification factors can also
and shrubs must also be proportionate to the size of the include the levels on the ground and in the flat, in
garden. Proportionate means that the contents of the garden architectural installations, in walkers' bows, in tree or
are proportional to its area, shape, purpose of construction, dendritic groups, as well as the diversity in the colors
and surrounding conditions. For engineering gardens, where of plants and flowers.
flower beds are constructed and plants are dispersed along
axes, balance refers to the intentional arrangement of the
garden's contents in its many areas in a balanced manner by
repeating forms, comparable plants, and colors.

The link
For the many garden components—
plants, installations, roadways, and
walkers—to seem as an integrated
whole, they must be tightly tied to
one another.
Design Considerations
Accessibility Wayfinding and
Entrance and legibility:
Parking: Parks should be designed
Parking areas should be to assist easy orientation
related to the most used
within the site.
part of the park where
Signage at entrances
'Handicapped' parking
stalls should be no more provides clear orientation
than 30m from the place. to major points of
interest.
Design Considerations
Furniture
Paving Furniture elements should reflect the
character of the built environment, be
In terms of application and Load- internally integrated between
Bearing Ability: Heavy duty ,Medium themselves, and not promote a cluttered
appearance.
and Light duty pavements which are
typically associated with residential In hot climates such as in our case,
furniture elements should be
and restricted public garden paths and
nonmetallic or light in color, and placed
plazas. away from surfaces that reflect or
radiate excessive amounts of heat.
Differences in paving materials can
To be usable in winter, benches should
provide tactile cues to aid identifying drain well and be constructed of non-
different zones and topographic absorptive materials to promote rapid
gradients. drying.
Design Considerations
Security
Planting
All outdoor public spaces should be
Plant screens can provide privacy, mark appropriately and consistently lit where
boundaries, discourage intruders, or block nighttime use is expected and encouraged.
unpleasant views. Light fixtures are mounted high and are
vandal-resistant.
Plantings can control and direct the movements of
people, animals, or vehicles. Where established All vegetation and other landscaping
pedestrian shortcuts are to be discouraged. features shall maintain clear lines of sight
Dense and avoid the creation of concealment
Dense plantings of trees with an understory of spots.
shrubs can result in a reduction of 3 to 5 dB(A) Visibility through vegetation is clear to a
per 30 of depth from the sound source. Areas minimum height of 1.5 meters setback a
covered with grass or other types of groundcover minimum of 2 meters along routes. Low
planting not exceeding 0.5 meters in
will absorb more sound than hard, paved surfaces.
height can be planted along routes.
Dense
Design Considerations Accessibility for disabled:
Tactile warning strips have potential value as devices
to warn of hazardous areas. Dimensions of warning
Safety strip should be sufficient to forewarn pedestrians.

Safety fencing: For vision Impairments people the use of a cane does
Safety fencing shall be installed not always detect protruding objects at a height
greater than about 0.6 m. Railings, for instance,
where there is a danger of children should have a second rail low in height for easier
detection. Overhanging branches are also not easily
gaining access to built hazards or
detected.
hazardous areas Where co-location
of play nodes and vehicular traffic
cannot be avoided.

Unexpected level changes are Pavements must be finished flush with neighboring hard surfaces.
hazardous and should not occur in Obstructions must be removed from the shoulders of shared routes .
the main line of pedestrian Seats, terrible bins, water fountains, light poles, and other amenities
must be placed so that they do not pose a hazard . Tree species with
walkways. Existing situations can be big heavy seeds or vegetation with sharp spikes or seed pods, or those
modified to forewarn unsuspecting known to be skin irritants or allergies, should not be utilized in active
pedestrians. and passive environments, or near roads or vehicle parking areas.
Materials Natural Grass
Using natural grass as a ground cover
Concrete
option provides a natural look that Concrete is a hard
many homeowners prefer and is a material used to pave
Pea Gravel popular choice for under backyard play movement paths inside
Pea gravel is an affordable option that is often structures, particularly since this often and outside public
used for parking areas, dog runs and means simply placing the play set on places, in addition to
playgrounds. an existing lawn. paving seating areas

Poured Rubber and

Rubber Tiles
Solid rubber playground surfaces are becoming
a common sight in neighborhood parks and
Artificial Grass
under schoolyard play structures.
Rubber tiles and poured rubber surfaces are slip Synthetic turf provides an even, level playing surface
that drains well, never needs weeding or watering,
resistant, easy to maintain and available in a
provides the lush look of natural grass, and offers a
variety of thicknesses to meet varying needs. softer cushion for rough play or awkward landings.

Rubber Mulch Play Sand

Shredded rubber mulch is a newer player on Sand has long been the ground cover of
the playground scene and is quickly growing
in popularity, particularly for its ability to
choice for play areas, most likely due to its
provide a nice cushion when children fall. affordable cost and ability to absorb falls.
Suggested plants

Ornamental hawthorn Rose Crazy

Group: Climbing or upright
Group: Upright deciduous shrub/Rosaceae family. Group: Deciduous climbers.
(evergreen)/Rosaceae family. Size: 2.5*2 Size: up to 6m high
Size: The length of the branches reaches 3-4 m. Flowering period: spring and summer Flowering period: spring-autumn
Growth rate: average. The growth rate is fast. Growth rate: fast
Sun exposure: You need the sun. Sun exposure: You need the sun. Sun exposure: needs sun, tolerates some shade,
Water requirements: very little after Water requirements: average after establishment / likes heat.
establishment / drought tolerant to a large drought tolerant. Water needs: It has little water requirement
extent. Cultivation: It is grown as a single plant or in a after establishment. It tolerates drought.
Agriculture: It is planted as a fence and group spaced / in the far corners of the garden / in
the gardens on the roadsides.
Cultivation: Cultivated as a wall climber/in
protection screen on the fences of the gardens / gardens on the roadside.
Its advantages: multicolored flowers / fragrant /
on the slopes of the natural landscapes of the one of the most desirable plants to be grown in It tolerates dust and pollution on roadsides.
parks. gardens and parks. It tolerates snow and extreme cold.
Characteristics: Dense fruits / dense branches /
vegetative growth and extended branches.
Suggested plants

Helwan plant Horse's tail Hazban plant

Family: CARYOPHYLLACEAE Family or Family: COMPOSITAE
Botanical description: Transformer (two years),
PINK smooth, lanceolate-striped leaves of bluish- Family or family: the precious
Botanical description: A general annual green color, purple flowers that open for a short
bean
period during the day, and it has pointed green
plant in almost all regions of the bracts that usually extend more than the level of MORINGACEAE
Mediterranean, covering the ground in the flowers. Botanical description: The
a striking way. Stem: straight, one meter high, simple or
slightly branched, with narrow, spear-shaped species of the Moringa genus are
Fruit: oblong capsule. leaves, veined in parallel veins. trees with compound leaves
Economic benefits: ornamental plant. Fruit: poor, scaly without auricles.
Economic benefits: Its roots are eaten as a type
Environment and distribution: olive of vegetable.
groves` Environment and distribution: In fields, pastures
and dry places.
Suggested plants

Castor bean Carob

family or faction: (Sosbeya), lactobacillus
Khafur (wild oats)
Family or family: legume or cornea Family or family: Botulism
EUPHORBIACEAE
Botanical description: evergreen shrub. LEGUMINOSAE Botanical description: An
Leaves: large lobed palmate with long petioles and Botanical description: A large tree with a hollow
stem, 6-12 meters high. annual plant with a height of
serrated edges. 40-80 centimeters, with broad
Fruit: green with large appendages. Leaves: Perennial, compound, feathery,
Economic and medical benefits: consisting of oblong glossy leathery leaves, dark flat leaves, with large spikes
It is extracted from its fruits, castor oil, which is used green on the upper surface and paler on the with broad yellow panicles.
medicinally in many things lower surface. Economic benefits: a palatable
It is not recommended to plant it near the yards Economic benefits: its wood is hard and durable, plant for grazing different
designated for children's play; all parts of the plant are used in carpentry work, and polished easily. The livestock (forage).
poisonous, especially the seeds inside the fruits. fruits of this tree are eaten, and the sugary
substance is extracted from it.
Building & Urban Planning Regulation in
Sub-buildings:
Jordan
Sub-building means the facility affiliated to or
Open areas sector: attached to the main building.
the sector designated for the uses of parks and entertainment venues, Percentage:
and this sector consists of three categories, a regional open area, an
urban open area and a local open area. The maximum percentage of the sub-buildings is 5%
of the area of ​the plot of land, provided that the
Parks: maximum area of ​the sub-buildings is as follows:-
One parking lot for every 500 square meters of the park's land area, 50 m2 in the residential sector, the open areas sector
in addition to providing several parking lots for other uses within the and the infrastructure sector.
parks' borders, as explained in this article.
Height:-

Fences and walls: The maximum height of the sub-building shall be

from the natural ground level (2.60) meters, if it
1) The owner must construct fences, tree fences, or coordinated barriers of any material on the
boundaries of the plot of land. consists of only one floor.
2) The permissible height of the walls and fences from the natural ground level is as follows:-

(3) A maximum of three meters on the front, side and rear borders of the plot of land in the agricultural
sector, the industrial sector, the open areas sector, the infrastructure sector, and the mining and
quarrying sector.
Code of building requirements for people with
disabilities

It is a code specialized in building requirements for persons

with disabilities issued by the National Building Council.
Regarding public parks, it states that:
Public parks must be designed to be adapted for the use of
persons with disabilities by adhering to some conditions
such as: when there is a difference in the level, ramps must
be used, car parks must be close to the entrances, and the
corridors of the type that do not cause slipping, and that Its
width is not less than (1200) mm, and these corridors must
be separated from the cultivated areas by using stone or
concrete edges and trimming the prominent plants and
others.
Space function MAIN S PACES:
• ENTRANCE: STARTING POINT/ RECEPTION
spatial spaces and relationships • OPEN AREA : CAN BE COURT/PICNIC REA/SITTIN
AREA /CHILD PLAYING
According the site of project designer can determine • AREA/OUTDOOR SPORT AREA/SWIMMING POOL
nature of spaces and relationships: AREA/GALLERY/OPEN CAFÉ
• VENDORS • SERVICES: BATHROOMS/CAFÉ
• OUTDOOR EATING • GUARD ZONE
• FLEXIBLY PROGRAMMED ACTIVITIES, • PARKING/ DROP AREA
PERFORMANCES,
• AND GATHERINGS
• BUFFERING OF THE BACKSIDES OF THE
BUILDINGS TO THE EAST
• SERVICE ACCESS TO THE MARKET
• ANY OTHER USE OR ELEMENT THAT WOULD
CREATIVELY
• AUGMENT THE MARKET ATMOSPHERE
location of the spaces to be calibrated too the
functional diagrams are drawn on a scaled
base of the site, thus allowing the size and
actual site conditions. As with concept
diagrams, the intent of functional diagrams is
to study the overall configuration of the
design but with added detail and more thought
about the quality of The proposed spaces
Standards and design considerations
Standards and design considerations

-Path Widths: 18 "minimum 24 "functional 30 "one

person 36 "standard 48 "2 people A decent rule of
thumb is to construct garden walks at least four feet
wide, allowing two people to stroll comfortably side by
side
.-This is especially crucial for routes that will be used
frequently, such as the one leading to your front door;
the more heavily utilized a path, the wider it should be
.-Where the path begins and ends influences how
frequently it is used; conversely, a path with seldom use
might be narrower.
-Side-yard entrances and backyard paths are two
examples of this style of walkway. Always placed on the
side of caution.
- A path that is too wide is preferable to one that is too
narrow.
Standards and design considerations
At the ends of the
parking lot lanes, install
landscaped islands with
a minimum width of five
Furniture (5) feet and a one-foot
(1') step-out, omitting
Weight: 177 kg the curb width.
Wooden bench,
dimensions: 180 x 80
m, edge: 60 m, and
space for two bicycles:
60 x 40 m.

If a trash bin enclosure is incorporated into the parking lot

design, the aperture of the enclosure should be positioned so
that front-load disposal equipment can enter directly into the
enclosure opening to access the container without removing it
from the enclosure.
Standards and design considerations Placing a seat under
a large trees for
shade

Section 240: Outdoor Stairs and Ramps contains

further details. External accessibility Stairs and
ramps are an essential part of any basic grading
plan (Figure 320-58). present-day trees: One or
more of the following techniques should be
used when grading carefully around any existing
trees : For most species, this means avoiding The dimensions of
the drip line of the tree. Additionally, the outdoor stairs 30 cm and
grading equipment's weight being driven over landing was 1.5 to 2.5 m
the root zone might crush the soil and rip off
root hairs, which will impede the roots from
6.00m to 24.00 angle
accessing and absorbing vital water and air. 14.04

4.00m to 24.00 angle

9.46

Existing trees must be protected if

filling the area around them cannot be
avoided. demonstrating a typical form
of defense This method enables a
sufficient flow of air and water to the
tree's roots.
Standards and design considerations restroom facilities
public toilets with unexpected floor plan

On-site and in various locations that

work with the design, there must be
Shelters allow for a variety of uses of the space by a sufficient number of restroom
accommodating things that need to be protected from the facilities. The bathrooms should be
weather, like:
close to the family's seating areas
and easily accessible. It is not
Displays charts advised to situate the bathrooms
• Television screens against the direction of the
predominant winds.

Types of shelters range from very modest structures, such as

picnic shelters, to very complex structures, such as suites

linguistic context :Shelters are frequently important site components. It

might serve as a visual reminder of the location's historical or cultural
significance. The concept of appropriate design must be chosen with
knowledge of the social and cultural factors that have contributed to the
location's distinctive identity. Because they frequently serve as the site's
main points, shelters must be:

Easily visible
Easy access
Ready to take advantage of opinions
• Located next to major pedestrian roads
Standards and design considerations

Water element
still Water :
THE FINISH OF THE UNDERWATER S U R FACES
AND THE CONDITION OF THE WATER AT THE
SURFACE INFLUENCE THE ULTIMATE

THE CONTAINER D EFINES THE FORM ASSUMED

BY THE WATER EFFECT:

REFLECTO WINDOW TEXTUR ACTIVAT

R A DARK POOL FINISH WITH AN UNDISTURBED • EA LIGHT-COLORED AND/OR
OR PATTERNED POOL FINISH
•
SURFACE WILL FUNCTION AS A REFLECTOR, WITH AN UNDISTURBED SURFACE WILL FUNCTION
WHILE A AS A WINDOW, WHILE A DISTURBED SURFACE WILL
DISTURBED S URFACE IS A ACT AS A MODIFIER IMPARTING A DYNAMIC
TEXTURE QUALITY TO THE SUBMERGED SURFACE
Standards and design considerations

CONCLUSION

Observe the conditions that you specified for the park to be a

public park.

To make entry easier, put more emphasis on providing visual cues

for the blind and move parking closer to the inside of the gate .
For simple access, use banners when designing

taking into account the culture of the local populace (Mafraq

city )

Considering the Mafraq act that is now in effect

 Site analysis
Located in the city of Mafraq
Location For accessibility from inside Tank Roundabout
Al-Mafraq from the northern
region

Mafraq is the capital city of Mafraq Governorate in Jordan, located

80 km to the north from the capital Amman .
Area: 14 km²
Population: 580,000
Zarqa Entrance
The entrance to
the brigade from
Jordan, or it is an Arab country
Irbid the eastern region
located in southwestern Asia, is in the
48 Km
middle of the Middle East, which is in
the southern part of the Levant region,
and the northern part of the Arabian Jerash Mafraq
Peninsula region. 35 Km
Zarqa
42 Km `

Amman 56
Km
NEIHBORHOOD CONTEXT

The architectural style

that was followed is
subtraction and addition

Jordan Villas Compound Buildings

Solid Al al-Bayt University
building HEIGHT 5M~12M
Void BUILDING TYPES
The buildings in the area are of several types, such as ancient and
Green modern, and dates to the time when each building was built
areas

The plot of land was considered close to modern homes, so its

design will be modern so as not to be affected by the nature of the
LEGAL SIZE The largest HEIGHT8M~20M surrounding buildings.
allowed height is up to 5floors,
each floor is up to 4 meters high It was built to be military buildings and
then converted into a heated educational All the buildings in the area follow the same shape and style
in order not to affect the
facility where 50% of the interior spaces and this is shown in the adherence to the same shape in the
neighborhood. were made use of by opening the rooms neighboring buildings
to each other
Expansion
2014 2022 2022

Urban development
in the Qasaba of Al-
Mafraq towards
the center.

-The development led to

the emergence of the
area surrounding our
project . Solar
Panels University
-Attract visitors to its
and
proximity to the people of the cultural
province area
Town
-Close to the governorate’s borders with
Centre Desert lands
the neighboring governorates
Growth
Agricultural
areas
Land Use
Military areas
Al Hussein
Family Park

Agricultural
housing commercial center

Al al-Bayt University

Al-Hussein
neighborhood
park Industrial

Residential Residential

country
residence
public buildings Jordan Villas
Compound Garden
Land use Users
sitting
areas
30% Kids
Play
Residential
Area
site Playgr 30%
commercial ound
al albayt univercity areas Food
open space with no
vegetation
20 % and
drink roads used The
services problem :There is an international main road close
20 % to the plot of land and it may be dangerous for children
The solution: is to create a special road for the
garden and keep the entrances away from the
international road

We also note that the land uses in the area surrounding the site are largely
residential, in addition to the presence of an education zone nearby which is the
university of al albayt ,and its close as well from the commercial zone and this
indicates that the park will be popular with residents of the area, but it will not be
crowded due to the presence of vast empty areas
Landmarks
26 min

4 min
The site

King Talal Military

Hospital

36 min

5 min Al al-Bayt
University
28 min
Prince Ali
Stadium 5 min Engineer Academy
School

1 min
14 min
Manaseer Gas Station 1 min
2 min
Materials
• Material of Neighboring buildings

It is a material consisting of cement, sand and water with the addition of a type of
aggregate. Concrete is one of the most important building materials in the modern
Concrete era, especially with iron reinforcement to become reinforced concrete.

Masonry stones are commonly used in walls and buildings Brick and concrete are
among the most common types of building stone in industrialized countries and
Stone may be either weight bearing or (architectural) veneer

It is an inorganic solid, usually transparent or translucent, hard, easily brittle,

Glass impermeable to natural materials. Types of glass vary widely according to their
components and physical properties.
Materials

• Materials
• Materials that can be used

Wood can be used Pea gravel is an affordable option and is often

for seating or used for parking areas and dog parks
umbrellas

Iron can be used in canopy

The tiles are used to cover the roofs of canopies
poles and in the construction of
or some service areas
multiple entertainment facilities
or food carts

Tiles are used in hallways and Rubber tiles and molded rubber surfaces are slip-
some playing and seating areas resistant, easy to maintain, and are used in
playgrounds
Materials
• Materials
• Materials that can be used

Concrete is used in the construction of The stone is used either in the construction
entrances, fences, some walkways and of walls and corridors, or as a veneer for
garden facilities walls

Sand has long been the preferred ground Artificial turf provides an even and flat
cover for play areas, likely due to its playing surface, and provides a softer
affordable cost and ability to absorb falls. cushion for rough play or awkward
landings

The use of natural grass as a ground cover

Glass is a transparent material through
option provides a natural look that many
which light passes and gives a beautiful
people prefer and is a popular choice under
view of the building
play structures and used in playgrounds and
play areas.
Site Forces
The amount of water and rain in Mafraq

Climate Because the area is dry and

water is less, we will work
to collect rainwater and use
it for irrigation or water
elements and use modern
irrigation methods

The prevailing winds are Maximum temperatures in the morning

southwesterly, moderate throughout reach 40 degrees, between them in the
the year, and their speed increases evening hours, degrees drop
slightly in the winter significantly
Site Forces
Circulation
 Project brief
Location : Russia

Area : 50.000 m2

Year : 2017

Architects : Diller scofidio + Renfro

Justification Zaryadye Park

(Whay this case) ?

1- Harnessing the terrain to serve the

concept by creating a space experience
that gives you a different feeling in
Nature of project :
each area. • It is at once park, urban plaza, social space,
cultural amenity, and recreational armature.
2- Benefit from the applications of
landscaping principles through them. • To achieve this simultaneity, natural
landscapes are overlaid on top of constructed
3- The designer deals with the climate environments, creating a series of elemental
and finds solutions face-offs between the natural and the artificial,
urban and rural,interior and exterior.
LOCATION
.1RUSSIA 2. Moscow
3. Zaryadye park

Is a country located in northen It located on the Moskva Rivar in

europe Central Russia

Moscow is the capital city &

argest city of Russia also it's
most populous federal subject
of Russia,
Skyline: Moscow has a lot of churches and call

buildings so a public park had to be well arranged to create a balance in the city.
 LANDMARK
1. The spread of the subway in the area and
the presence of several nearby stations that
facilitate access to the park.

2. The area is surrounded by famous and a

focus of attention for visiting tourists.
several churches, which makes it.

3. It is located opposite the Moskva River,

where it is an important landmark that can
be inferred from the park. .2Evangelical Lutheran
Cathedral…
2
1

.3Balchug Kempinski Hotel

Moscow
1.Russian Kremlin
Context
Population:

Moscow's population of about 12.19 m makes it the 6th largest city in

the world and the most populous city in Russia.

With the growing population of the capital, Moscow, its urgent need for
a public park that would include the community and be an outlet for the
residents

Culture:
(along with the cultures of many other ethnicities

The Russian culture intertwined within the Russian Federation) has a

long tradition of achievements in various fields, particularly in literature,
folk dance, philosophy, architecture, etc
Climate • Moscow has a humid continental climate with
warm, sometimes hot, somewhat humid summers
and long, cold winters.

Design decisions
Various trees were planted on the southern and western sides of the
park, and this resulted in:

1. Reduce the noise emanating from these sides.

2. Treating and mitigating the summer winds from

the southwest.

3. Shading the southwest area, as the sun on this side is the most
annoying.

4. Increased security, as the area was somewhat isolated from the

street.
 Sun Days Wind
• A Partially shaded areas were made, as Terrain and forests affect
they consist of glass that enters the sun's the process of wind
light & warmth & blocks the harmful rays direction and transmission
of the sun, thus giving greater benefit from in the garden, front and
it small ventilation holes
have been made at the top
of the buildings in addition
to an internal ventilation
system Through the topography, it
notes the possible places por
rainwater collection and the
likely stream to form. this
matter has been delt with by
The park is designed to be suitable for hiking
Drainage establishing an underground
throughout the seasons, and contains various water network to save part of
terrains that represent the character of Russia, the water and reuse it and pour
& the higher it rises, the higher the the rest op it into the nearby
temperature river
Topography & Land Jorn
• you can see the historical places with a great
view even if you was in the lowest point on
the park because of the underground
building choice

• Dealing with terrain, street and Design decision

river It was by letting people
Exploiting the view in a high area
look at their booth and at let the
by designing seating areas facing
people in the car see the garden
the southern view.
as it passes by

• The land is characterized

by a topography that
rises to the top as we
head north
Negative point
You must pay attention to the type of plants
proposed to be planted, because any soil
treatment to modify some characteristics will
cost more
Concept • It is a unique place showing Russia's natural
diversity and its different climatic and form to block view
geographical areas

• Mixed forest with coniferous and deciduous

trees with oak, birch or maple trees
surrounded by fir trees as a recreation of the
Taiga Steppe, with grains and flowering herbs the land was divided
according to the architectural
Tundra with mosses, lichens and small
preservation of the pedestrian
tree .Floodplains or meadow with wild passages
flowers

• There is also a birch grove and the ponds are FINAL

decorated with aquatic plants and riparian outline
vegetation typical of the Moscow region

• redefine spaces and surfaces gradually to create partial

climates and spatial edges using the slop of the land
form to block view
Bubble diagram Design decision
is more preferable to have different activities distributed
throughout the parks (exhibitions, theatre,..)

Usually we need to have an

attraction point for visitors that
overlooked beautiful views.

1-It has a direct access to the

sub road for the ease of
accessibility.

• The play area was located in a medium location to increase the 2-the outdoor is located on an • Usually it is important to have
degree of safety in addition to its presence near the seating area 4 to 5 service buildings
observation level to the parks
for parents. covered different parts of the
natural landscape.
park.
• The amphitheater was placed in a raised area and on the sides of the 3-leading the visitor to
garden to give a full view of the entire garden and the river.
explore the park and get to
• Also near the attraction points and
know all the centers
restaurants as it is concerned a
• The suspension bridge was placed over the river and in a prominent
place in the garden strong relationship
 The park consists of Four main sections:
FUNCTIONS
1.The presence of a hotel in addition to some archaeological areas
in the region, which is considered the highest area in the park

2.The steppe, with grain and flowering herbs from the

temperate regions, in addition to the presence of an
amphitheater overlooking the rest of the park and the presence
of a museum.

3. Mixed forest with

coniferous and deciduous trees
with oak, birch or maple trees
surrounded by fir trees. This is
a recreation of the southern
Taiga.

• The garden was divided into four sections, each

according to the nature of the supposed area in the
concept, where the degree rises as we walk towards 4. There is also a birch grove and the ponds are decorated with
the north aquatic plants and riparian vegetation typical of the Moscow
region
ZONING

The green areas are the

most dominant in the
garden, followed by
the seating areas, then
the amphitheater, and
then the traffic lanes

-The majority of the

project contains
evergreen trees
 Surroundings Circulation
- Architecture in Moscow is characterized by the Byzantine style.

- The park is surrounded by many

churches and basilicas, which

contain high, bulbous domes.

- In addition, there are historical buildings of this style inside the park.

- Accordingly, the designer combined modern technology in his design

with heritage to create an interesting contrast
Vehicles
The southern street is characterized as a high density of vehicles, as it is
considered an active and main street overlooking the Russia River, so a
parking lot was placed on the western side and a drob-off was placed on the
eastern side.
• Zaryadye Park is the missing link that completes the collection of
world-famous monuments and urban districts forming central Pedestrian
Moscow
The public garden is designed to contain a number of entrances in various
sides of the garden.
Principles of landscape design
Balance Repetition
Asymmetrical Rhythm The gradient
Gradation appeared here
in the colors of
the plant. It
started With
the color Blue.
then went to
green. and the
color became
warmer,
The balance in the garden appeared to be reaching the
asymmetric so that the blocks built on the right red color
balance the blocks of trees interconnected on
the left

Faecakl point When looking at

this park in the Variety Alternative
garden, it is Unity
interested for being
In the cross section, the alternation
different from the In each area, asimilar unit of treeS appearest in the disparity in the lengths
other garden in GE chosen to create unity and of the trees. The alterations is also
terms of its culor harmony in the design shown here using the roaterials and their
and materials used
Reflecting the difference in diversity pattern (wood and asphalt)
in the use materials and plants
FORM Basic shape
the basic shapes were

Natural Theme divided into edged geometric

shapes based on the
The engineering design relied on some movement of pedestrian
according to
trowels that are under the topography to protect them from
the concept
sunlight and are directed according to the areas outside the
garden. creating an edged shapes
without specific organization

You sent each shape has from

4-5
Hardscape And
sides which are unequal You
Softscape layes
sent

final shape design = a

complex network of paths and
passages

30% 70%
DETAILES Some materials have been used to blend in well with nature

Then use gravel to pave the Red Square with the lush Kremlin
MATERIAL gardens to create a new urban and green park

Stones were used to connect the natural elements and facilitate

movement for the visitor

The wood and glass was used because they blends well with the
natural elements, and the use of a type of glass that reflects the
harmful rays of the sun and provides good light

An attempt was made to balance the

hardscape with the softscape by using some hard materials, but

the soft side overshadowed the hard
 DETAILES
Plant Palette
plant

• Some types of trees

and plants were
planted to give a pure
and fragrant smell to
the garden, such as
silver birch and white
birch, where they are These are annual and perennial herbs with hairless and
usually spiny leaves while mosSome flats have a soft
often located in the
texture, so the plant was placed to give a balance
center of the garden between the other elements
to spread that fragrant

The vegetation cover was used to link the Russian

heritage with the Muscovite heritage, building
techniques and sustainability strategy Toachieve this
vegetationwas placed over the buildings
 DETAILES Lighting
Furniture and lighting fixtures

Furniture Strong lighting was

distributed in some
The use of furniture integrated withnature in terms of places such as
the material used and in terms of the nature of the gathering areas
design, where wood was used for all seats for its good at ,stands and bridges
harmony with nature, and its design in accordance and hidden lighting
with the curves of dividing the spaces was distributed very
well so that the user
could face them

week lighting Strong lighting

Using different type of lighting based on the place

Swing Wastebasket Rope fence

Conclusion
1. Design park with multiple entrances to facilitate access to the
garden

2. Studying the movement axes of users before designing the

garden and maintaining these axes & incorporating them into
the design as an additional layar

3. The design of attractive elements raises the curiosity. of

visitors and paid them to come to the garden like this cantilver
that increased the garden fame

4. Paying attention to the principles of landscaping and applying

them to produce a good project that achieves the purpose for 5. Studying the distribution of plants, their types
which it was designed and special features such as adding a fragrant smell
to the atmosphere &shading large areas for sitting,
also studying the colors and textures that achieve a
balanced design together.
 Regional Case

Al-Fay Park
 Justification
Al-Fay Park Due to the design's consideration of numerous issues,
including wind, it can serve many users.

delivering a variety of services and pursuits to all

societal members

the landscape's inclusion of a wide variety of flora and

trees

Nature of project
Al Fay Park was established as Abu Dhabi's
first top-notch park with a biodiversity
focus and as a popular destination for
tourists . Undoubtedly, the park is
Location : ABU DAHBI, U.A.E. anticipated to rank among Abu Dhabi's top
Year : 2019
Users : all ages of the area.
destinations for family enjoyment.
Area : 27500 m²
Construction : Jiangsu Bargreen
Landscape Engineering Co.Ltd
Concept • The primary purpose of the park's architectural plan and tree placement
was to use clusters of various tree species bearing colorful blossoms to
produce color waves that appear to represent the various seasons of the
• Designers are working to develop a model that can year.
address the issues we discussed earlier . From this
they created a primary hallway that simultaneously
connected all places and functions. The main
entrance

Due to the layout and

length of the long
garden, the exits and
entrances are designed.

• Designers can accomplish privacy

• Giving privacy to jobs and spaces. and high solutions to natural
problems like wind and heat using
• Make users unoccupied outside and focus all their focus inside. this design and this concept, which
allows them to create a design that
• Help determine a way to change the levels and heights of existing is suitable for the site's surroundings
corridors, giving privacy to the park and isolating it from the outside in general.
world .
location
Accessibility
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a
federal Arab state that views over the
southern shore of the Arabian Gulf and is
situated in the southwest of Asia, east of
the Arabian Peninsula. It shares a maritime
border with the State of Qatar to the
northwest
, the Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia to the
west, the Sultanate of
Oman to the southeast, and the State of
Qatar to the northwest.

Al Fay Park, which has parking spots set aside for the garden through
a side street bounded by the three towers that enhance the
The capital of the United Arab Emirates, aesthetic appeal of the park site, is situated on Al Reem Island's
Abu Dhabi, is situated in the Persian Gulf main roadways.
on an island away from the continent. The
fashionable towers and massive shops that
appear on the horizon, such the Abu Dhabi • It takes 20 minutes to get from Abu Dhabi Corniche to the park
Mall and Marina Malls, represent the city's
emphasis on oil exports and trade. • Yas Island Abu Dhabi may be used to travel to the island in 30
minutes.

• It takes roughly 35 minutes to get from Sheikh Zayed Grand

Mosque to Al Reem Island.
Landmarks 11 min
The Arc 4 min

ADNOC Gas Station (Reem

Towers Gateway Park
Island) 12 min 7 min
- The ARC towers are next to the
case, giving the garden's interior 2 min
7 min a great perspective of the outside.

- Although this garden is near to the

study case, there are no employment
for users there, according to what the
study case offers. Park AL FAY.

Reem hospital One of the significant sites close to the

12 park is the Sorbonne University. It offers
min student users and helps the park
4 become more active and livelier.
min Reem village
- Enables Al Reem Hospital
patients to visit the garden and
take in the lovely scenery that the
garden offers to everyone in
society. 14 min
AL SORBONNE
13 min
4 min 3 min
University
Landform & Topography

• Even though the terrain is flat, the design includes sloping

entrances that foster spatial experience and improve the
discovery of nature as a forest-like habitat.

Slope
Entrance
Topography section

A-A

A
We notice that there is just

B
0.5 per 1 meter of
topography on the terrain.
B-B
A
B
Site Forces
Climate
The UAE has a tropical climate . dry; the
nation is subject few influences
originating from the Gulf of Oman to the
Indian Ocean. most extreme
temperatures, would elicit a temperature
of 47 °Care captured during the summer. The Abu Dhabi wind rose displays the number of hours per
year when the wind blows in the specified direction. The
Nonetheless, the typical annual wind is blowing from the southwest (SW) to the northeast,
Summertime temperature range varies for instance (NE).
from 35 to 40 degrees; Regarding the
wintertime, It is more compact and
extends from January through Februarys
the weather turns cold, on the inside May sees the least quantity of
precipitation. This month's average is
0 mm | 0.0 inch. The month of March
experiences the most precipitation,
with an average of 11 mm | 0.4 inch.
Site Forces VERY FEW, NON-DOMINANT, AND
NORTHWEST WINDS, BUT THEY
The winds from the south
are warm and calm. It
ARE STRONG AND CAN BE occasionally changes
HAZARDOUS. direction without any
harm.
• The wind that accompanies the pleasant winds
sands of the beaches and is not o is e The sun's directional changes.
common is called the g hn The location of sunrise and
Hi
"NORTHERN WIND." sunset and their daily motion

Lo
are depicted in the figure. The

w
sweet

no
wind main garden entrance was

eis
A WIND FROM THE strategically placed to avoid the
SOUTHWEST. To some extent, it midday light by the engineers.
is the predominant wind, and it is
also a warm wind that embodies the
characteristics of the region.

Climate solution
• -Add shelters
• to protect visitors from the sun's heat in
the seating areas.

• Using trees as shade for the sun and

as a windbreaker
unpleasant winds
The park's microclimate design creates the ideal "social system" for
play, sports, and recreation by naturally lowering temperature, cleaning
up air pollution, stopping sand incursion, and lowering road noise.
Context
the culture:
Context Different regions of Abu Dhabi The term "modern cultural heritage" refers to urban
and architectural models that have unique cultural
have different population densities. values and that illustrate the significant historical,
Traffic and crowding are prevalent in social, cultural, and economic changes that have taken
the downtown regions, and as you place in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi since the
distribution of the wealth brought about by exports.
travel out of the city toward the after changing from the conventional construction
suburbs, population density starts to strategy, of oil.
drop. As a result, low rise towers and
towering towers, sometimes known as
skyscrapers, make up most of the
buildings in the city center. Community gardens vary in size and are
programmed for passive and active use. It
is located near urban and rural areas to
support the community environment.
Soft Material Lighting Furniture
In order to offer the user a sense of connection with The designer placed lighting poles in
nature, the designer also included water fountains. the hallways for the lighting. He also -Groups of seats at the
used hidden lighting, which is close to entrances
The user can unwind and escape the busy city life the ground and gives the lighting and
and crowds by viewing and hearing the babbling lighting system a beautiful aspect.
-playgrounds
water.
From an artistic standpoint, it was
The architect also included trees in several of the intended to generate a dramatic -gathering areas
passageways to deceitfully provide the user with appearance, but from a practical
cover from the sun's rays. standpoint, it was a source of user
annoyance.
Circulation
The winding jungle path allows for "secret" and
"wild" nature experiences under the canopies -
combining authentic ecosystems and natural wildlife Parking path
habitats with an open invitation to all to explore
nature, interact with each other and
relax together in a serene natural setting.

Forest path Main path Main entrance

internal rotation .
• It should provide an initial passage with a width of at least 3.5
m.
• The base path must be designed to have a unique character .
• It should provide secondary lanes with a minimum width of
2.5 m .
• Paths should be designed to connect areas of primary use,
function
• Parking :It was • Seating :It's been put away
1 parking from the entrance and
placed from the
2 Sitting disturbed to do the required
side of the main purpose
3 Kids Play Area street and the
4 green area disturbance and
next to the entrance
5 Food trucks
6 Skate Park and • Enjoy multiple games - they are designed for
Climbing Wall jogging, dog walking and cycle

7 A track for
cycling • Fountains for children, there is a
play area, an open scheme design
8 Mini golf zones perfectly suited for cyclists and
9 Fitness Area
• Kids Play Area
10 A track for Located in a safe • THE LARGEST • Off-site parking or underground
jogging area
PERCENTAGE OF SPACES parking must be provided
11 Fountains ARE GREEN AREAS.. THIS
• Food trucks IS A MANDATORY
12Football Close to all jobs • Football for some healthy
13 table tennis REQUIREMENT FOR competition,
for much need
14 Basketball PUBLIC PARKS. • Garden path to relax
15 Court
soft & Hardscape
Hardscape softscape TREES POSITIONS
A hardscape is a group of made-up, non-plant, and Therefore, a good number of plants and the plant
natural elements. The garden contains many of these environment should be available in the garden, so
elements, such as playgrounds, chairs, stairs, umbrellas,
but at a smaller percentage it should be abundant. Ghaf tree It
used this tree a lot.
Because it's a protective
jacket. Shadow tree.
It's the national tree of the
United Arab Emirates.
Form • In the adjacent shape represented in
green, it is allocated to the private
garden and makes it isolated from the
main streets and makes the activities
clustered in the middle of the garden

Hard scape : 30 %
Soft scape : 70 %
• The formation in the beginning was in the form of a linear distribution
starting from the beginning of the garden to the end This is a good
thing, as it links the bulk of the Earth to its base axis And then it
became in the form of a radial branch and become entrances, which is
important to facilitate entry and exit from the garden

• The ratio is very ideal, so

• The style in terms of landscape
that the higher the
shape and design The design style proportion of plants gives
is a mixture of nature and an impression of comfort
geometric and tranquility
• Also, the ratio is very
excellent because it
• The garden is not symmetrical, and it is not composed of succeeded in achieving a
simple geometric shapes natural environment and
Color scheme
23% 32% 5%

batch paths stone

30%
30% 10%
10%

trees sand

The formation in the beginning was in the form of a linear

distribution starting from the beginning of the garden to the end
This is a good thing, as it links the bulk of the Earth to its base
axis And then it became in the form of a radial branch and
become entrances, which is important to facilitate entry and exit
from the garden
Conclusion pros Agriculture attracts bees, birds and animals, which
provides a fertile and lively atmosphere in the center
of Abu Dhabi

Ease of using or visiting the garden for It is possible to use the gardens as a place to discover
people with special needs, since the talents by setting up two talent scouts to monitor
garden has relatively flat land children while they play and know their skills.

We can imitate the idea of ​water in the It is possible to take advantage of gardens as a place
garden As the water used for irrigation for production, for example, we can produce trees,
is completely recycled water, which led plants, fruits, and other things such as honey.
to a saving of 40 percent

The water element added a very good The project must contain more than one entrance to
impression in terms of making visitors facilitate entry and exit
leave the city atmosphere and feel that
it is a suitable place for rest and
relaxation
Using trees to separate the inside from the outside and to
create an internal void that is completely different from
We can use plants with little water the outside.
need, and this saves large percentages This also helped to create the appropriate climate by
of water removing the trees from the winds carrying dust and
others.
Conclusion cons
Most of the lands are made of
concrete, and this leads to more
injuries to children while
playing or when falling on the
The lack of
ground
comfortable seating
areas, most of the
seats are made of
concrete

Its presence on 4
The garden does main streets, which
not have public leads to significant
bathrooms congestion