B. Lesson 2

THE CONCEPT OF ANTHROPOLOGY,
POLITICAL SCIENCE AND

SOCIOLOGY
Rationale and Goals of Studying
Anthropology, Political Science and
Sociology
ANTHROPOLOGY – It is a scientific study of
humanity, the similarities and diversity of
cultures and attempts to present an integrated
picture of humankind.
- It studies the biological, social and cultural
development of humankind and seek to find
answers to questions why people are different and
how similar they are.
“It is only in the context of connection with
others that our deepest needs can be met.”
-(Parrott and Parrot, 2003)
Two Main Types of Anthropology
a. Physical (Biological) Anthropology – It focuses
on the history of man’s physical characteristics
and the biological changes that occur and the
resultant variation.
Categories
1. Evolutionary – It seeks to understand how and
why humans evolve.
2. Biological variation or diversity within the
species- it seeks to describe the patterns of human
diversity to explain why differences exist.
b. Cultural (Social) Anthropology – It is
concerned with the study of total societies, that is,
the social and cultural inheritance of humankind.
- It focuses on the origin and history of human
societies and cultures.

- Other Anthropological Fields of Study
- A. Archeology – it is very much similar with the
focus of socio-cultural anthropology concerned

with extinct societies. Prehistoric Archeology
and Historical Archeology are two fields of
anthropological archeology.
b. Ethnology – It concentrates on the diverse
cultures of the present and analyzes the structure
and function of humans, the roles of individuals
in society and the development of personality
related to cultural traditions.
c. Linguistics – This is a scientific study on human
language, symbols and its development.
d. Applied Anthropology – This field focuses on
the application of the ideas and information
gathered in solving problems in order to achieve
the goals set.
The self or the individual develops and grows into a
better self through “pagpapakatao”, or by relating
with other selves or “kapwa-tao”.
SOCIOLOGY– It is the study of human
interactions, the relationships that occur within
the group and the results of these interactions.
- It is concerned with all kinds of social
interactions, social processes, social structures

and social organizations.
- It is also concerned with repetitive and recurrent
forms of behavior, attitudes, beliefs, values,

norms and social institutions that make up the
social order.
Man is a social being who needs to
interact and relate with society (Andres,
1988).
Areas of Concern of Sociology
a. Basic Social Institutions – The basic social
institutions are the family, religion, education,
economics and state government. These institutions
are spread out in different social processes and
interactions.
b. Social Psychology – It focuses on the human nature,
personality, attitudes and collective behavior.
c. Social Change – This area studies change in culture,
social relations and reorganization.
d. Population – It focuses on demography and factors
affecting population change
e. Ecology – This is a study related to population
change in relation to its environment and
inhabitants.
f. Sociological Theories and Methods – It includes
studies on formulation of theories relative to
social group life serving as bases for prediction
and control of the individual’s social
environment.
g. Applied Sociology – This is the application and
use of the findings of pure sociological research.
Political Science – It is a social science discipline that
deals with systems of government, and the analysis of
political activity and political behavior.
- It deals extensively with the theory and practice of
politics which determines the distribution of power and

resources.
- Sub-disciplines of Political Science
- 1. Comparative Politics – It is the study of the domestic
politics, political institutions, and conflicts of countries.

- 2. International Political Economy – It is an academic
discipline within political science that analyzes

economics and international relations.
3. International Relations or International Affairs – It is a
field of political science, an interdisciplinary academic
field or independent academic discipline in which students
take a variety of internationally focused courses in social
science and humanities disciplines.
4. Political Theory – It refers to a general view, or specific
ethic, political belief or attitude about politics.
5. Public Administration – It is the implementation of
government policy and also an academic discipline; it
prepares civil servants for working in the public service.
6. Public Law – It governs relationships between individuals
and the government, and those relationship between
individuals which are of direct concern to society.
TCCC
7. Political Methodology – It is a subfield of
Political Science that studies the quantitative
methods used to study politics.
Goals of Anthropology, Political Science, and Sociology
 To understand and explain the social behavior or
interactions of human beings and the results of these
interactions.
 To recognize that cultures exist in time and space and
are unique to that time and that space.(Cultures are
distinctive and understanding them requires acceptance
and negotiation.)
 To understand that politics is intrinsically cultural and
inherent.
 To appreciate the influence of the environment in
enabling and constraining social life.
-We can’t win the fight for true agrarian reform by
playing
- We can’t feed a hungry family by crushing jellies

in
- We can’t solve crimes by killing
- We can’t evade corruption by running in

APPLICATION:
Write a reflection paper on your appreciation to
the role of anthropology, sociology and political
science in the promotion of human understanding
and diversity.
Evaluation: Answer the following questions in ¼ sheet of pad paper.
Directions: Identify the answer that will best describe the following
statements.
______1. It is the study of human interactions, the relationships that
occur within the group and the results of these interactions.
______2. It focuses on the application of the ideas and information
gathered in solving problems in order to achieve the goals set.
______3. It refers to a scientific study of humanity, the similarities and
diversity of cultures and attempts to present an integrated picture of
humankind.
______4. It focuses on the history of man’s physical characteristics and
the biological changes that occur and the resultant variation.
______5. It is a study that is related to population change in relation to
its environment and inhabitants.
_____6. It is a part of law which governs relationships
between individuals and the government,
_____7. It focuses on the human nature, personality,
attitudes and collective behavior.
_____8. It is the study of the domestic politics,
political institutions, and the conflicts of countries.
_____9. It is a scientific study on human language,
symbols and its development.
____10. It is an academic discipline within political
science that analyzes economics and international
relations.

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THE CONCEPT OF ANTHROPOLOGY,

POLITICAL SCIENCE AND

societies and cultures.

- A. Archeology – it is very much similar with the

focus of socio-cultural anthropology concerned

interactions, social processes, social structures

forms of behavior, attitudes, beliefs, values,

politics which determines the distribution of power and

- 1. Comparative Politics – It is the study of the domestic

politics, political institutions, and conflicts of countries.

discipline within political science that analyzes

- We can’t feed a hungry family by crushing jellies

- We can’t solve crimes by killing

- We can’t evade corruption by running in

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