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    Package in Java

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    Gunaseelan R
    Packages in Java are used to encapsulate groups of related classes and interfaces to prevent naming conflicts, make classes easier to locate, and control access levels. Packages are mapped to directories on the file system with the same name as the package. There are built-in packages that are part of the Java API and user-defined packages that are created by developers. Classes within a package can access other classes both publicly and with default/protected access levels depending on their visibility.

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    Package in Java

    Uploaded by

    Gunaseelan R
    27 views15 pages
    Packages in Java are used to encapsulate groups of related classes and interfaces to prevent naming conflicts, make classes easier to locate, and control access levels. Packages are mapped to directories on the file system with the same name as the package. There are built-in packages that are part of the Java API and user-defined packages that are created by developers. Classes within a package can access other classes both publicly and with default/protected access levels depending on their visibility.

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    Packages in Java are used to encapsulate groups of related classes and interfaces to prevent naming conflicts, make classes easier to locate, and control access levels. Packages are mapped to directories on the file system with the same name as the package. There are built-in packages that are part of the Java API and user-defined packages that are created by developers. Classes within a package can access other classes both publicly and with default/protected access levels depending on their visibility.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    27 views15 pages

    Package in Java

    Uploaded by

    Gunaseelan R
    Packages in Java are used to encapsulate groups of related classes and interfaces to prevent naming conflicts, make classes easier to locate, and control access levels. Packages are mapped to directories on the file system with the same name as the package. There are built-in packages that are part of the Java API and user-defined packages that are created by developers. Classes within a package can access other classes both publicly and with default/protected access levels depending on their visibility.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Packages in java

    PACKAGES
    Package in Java is a mechanism to encapsulate a group of classes, sub packages and
    interfaces.

    Packages are used for:

    Preventing naming conflicts. For example there can be two classes with name
    Employee in two packages,

    college.staff.cse.Employee
    college.staff.eee.Employee

    Making searching/locating and usage of classes, interfaces, enumerations and


    annotations easier

    19/11/2023 2
    PACKAGES

    Providing controlled access: protected and default have package level


    access control.

    A protected member is accessible by classes in the same package and its


    subclasses. A default member (without any access specifier) is accessible by
    classes in the same package only.

    Packages can be considered as data encapsulation (or data-hiding).

    19/11/2023 3
    PACKAGES

     All we need to do is put related classes into packages. After that, we can
    simply write an import class from existing packages and use it in our
    program.

    A package is a container of a group of related classes where some of the


    classes are accessible are exposed and others are kept for internal purpose.

    We can reuse existing classes from the packages as many time as we need
    it in our program.

    19/11/2023 4
    How packages work?
    Package names and directory structure are closely related.

    For example if a package name is college.staff.cse, then there are three


    directories, college, staff and cse such that cse is present in staff and staff is
    present inside college.

    Also, the directory college is accessible through CLASSPATH variable, i.e.,


    path of parent directory of college is present in CLASSPATH.

    The idea is to make sure that classes are easy to locate.

    19/11/2023 5
    Types of packages:

    19/11/2023 6
    Built-in Packages
    These packages consist of a large number of classes which are a part of
    Java API.Some of the commonly used built-in packages are:

    1) java.lang: Contains language support classes(e.g classed which defines


    primitive data types, math operations). This package is automatically
    imported

    2) java.io: Contains classed for supporting input / output operations

    3) java.util: Contains utility classes which implement data structures like


    LinkedList

    19/11/2023 7
    Built-in Packages
    4)java.applet: Contains classes for creating Applets.

    5)java.awt: Contain classes for implementing the components for


    graphical user interfaces (like button , menus etc).

    6) java.net: Contain classes for supporting networking operations.

    19/11/2023 8
    User-defined packages
    These are the packages that are defined by the user. First we create a
    directory myPackage (name should be same as the name of the package).
    Then create the MyClass inside the directory with the first statement being
    the package names.

    19/11/2023 9
    User-defined packages

    19/11/2023 10
    User-defined packages

    19/11/2023 11
    19/11/2023 12
    19/11/2023 13
    19/11/2023 14
    Important points:
    Every class is part of some package.

    If no package is specified, the classes in the file goes into a special unnamed
    package (the same unnamed package for all files).

    All classes/interfaces in a file are part of the same package. Multiple files can
    specify the same package name.

    If package name is specified, the file must be in a subdirectory called name (i.e.,
    the directory name must match the package name).

    We can access public classes in another (named) package using: package-
    name.class-name

    19/11/2023 15

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