Embedded Systems

By :
Simran
Amaandeep Singh

amaandeepbrar@airtel.in
Bhatia.simran06@gmail.com
 Objectives
• Introduction to embedded systems
• Embedded system components
• Hardware
• Software
• Embedded system programming
• Hardware Description Language (HDL)

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 Contents
• Introduction to embedded systems
• Software engineering
• Computer architecture
• Operating systems
• Digital systems
• Programming practice
• Theory for practical works

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 Contents
• Lab: Software programming tools
• Introduction to hardware systhesis
• Lab: External interface

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 Definition
 “Any sort of device which includes a
programmable computer but itself is not
intended to be a general-purpose computer”
 Wayne Wolf

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 Definition


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 Embedded systems overview
 Computing systems are everywhere
 Most of us think of “desktop” computers
 PC’s
 Laptops
 Mainframes
 Servers
 But there’s another type of computing system
 Far more common...

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 Embedded systems overview
 Embedded computing systems
Computers are in here...
 Computing systems embedded
within electronic devices and here...

 Hard to define. Nearly any

desktop computer
 Billions of units produced yearly,
versus millions of desktop units
 Perhaps 50 per household and per
automobile
Lots more of these,
Slide credit Vahid/Givargis, Embedded Systems Design: A Unified though they cost a lot
Hardware/Software Introduction, 2000 less each.

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A “short list” of embedded systems
Anti-lock brakes Modems
Auto-focus cameras MPEG decoders
 Automatic teller machines Network cards
Automatic toll systems Network switches/routers
Automatic transmission On-board navigation
Avionic systems Pagers
Battery chargers Photocopiers
Camcorders Point-of-sale systems
Cell phones Portable video games
Cell-phone base stations Printers
Cordless phones Satellite phones
Cruise control Scanners
Curbside check-in systems Smart ovens/dishwashers
Digital cameras Speech recognizers
Disk drives Stereo systems
Electronic card readers Teleconferencing systems
Electronic instruments Televisions
Electronic toys/games Temperature controllers
Factory control Theft tracking systems
Fax machines TV set-top boxes
Fingerprint identifiers VCR’s, DVD players
Home security systems Video game consoles
Life-support systems Video phones
Medical testing systems Washers and dryers

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 How many do we use?
 Average middle-class American home has 40
to 50 embedded processors in it
 Microwave, washer, dryer, dishwasher, TV, VCR,
stereo, hair dryer, coffee maker, remote control,
humidifier, heater, toys, etc.
 Luxury cars have over 60 embedded
processors
 Brakes, steering, windows, locks, ignition,
dashboard displays, transmission, mirrors, etc.
 Personal computers have over 10 embedded
processors
 Graphics accelerator, mouse, keyboard, hard-
drive, CD-ROM, bus interface, network card, etc.
-

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 Embedded Systems = ระบบฝั งตัว
 คิดถึงคอมพิวเตอร์ พีซี เรานึกถึง
 Processor, Clock speed, ROM/RAM
 พูดถึงเครื่องใช้ไฟฟ้ าทั่วไป เรานึกถึง
ทีวี - ขนาดจอ, เทคโนโลยีการฉายภาพ
เครื่องซักผ้า - ขนาดความจุ, ระบบซัก
แอร์ - BTU ลักษณะการติดตั้ง
โทรศัพท์มื่อถือ - จอ กล้อง ฟั งก์ชั่น
รถยนต์ - ขนาดเครื่องยนต์ สมรรถนะ

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Types of Embedded Systems

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 Types of Embedded Systems


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 Typical Embedded Systems
 Are designed to observed (through sensors)
and control something (through actuators)
E.g. air condition senses room temperature and
maintains it at set temperature via thermostat.

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 Embedded System Block Diagram

Control
(Output) Motor/Light

System Bus
Observe Temperature
Processor (Input) Sensor

mem

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 Processors
 Microprocessors for PCs
 Embedded processors or Microcontrollers for
embedded systems
 Often with lower clock speeds
 Integrated with memory and
 I/O devices e.g. A/D D/A PWM CAN
 Higher environmental specs

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Microcontrollers dominates processor market

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There are so many microcontrollers in the world

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 Types of Embedded Processors
 Computational micros (32- or 64-bit datapaths)
 CPU of workstations, PCs, or high-end portable devices (PDAs)
 x86, PA-RISC, PowerPC, SPARC, etc.
 Embedded general purpose micros (32-bit datapaths)
 Designed for a wide range of embedded applications
 Often scaled-down version of computational micros
 ARM, PowerPC, MIPS, x86, 68K, etc.
 Microcontrollers (4-, 8-, or 16-bit datapaths)
 Integrate processing unit, memory, I/O buses, and peripherals
 Often low-cost, high-volume devices
 Domain-specific processors (datapath size varies
greatly)
 Designed for a particular application domain
 Digital signal processors, multimedia processors, graphics
processors, network processors, security processors, etc.

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