AGRICULTURAL CROP

PRODUCTION NC III
COMMON COMPETENCIES

1. APPLY SAFETY MEASURES IN FARM

OPERATIONS
2. USE FARM TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
3. PERFORM ESTIMATION AND
CALCULATION
CORE COMPETENCIES:

1. Prepare Land for Agricultural Crop

Production
2. Implement Post-Harvest Program
3. Implement a Plant Nutrition Program
4. Control Weeds
5. Prepare and Apply Chemicals
6. Establish Agronomic Crops
7. Undertake Agronomic Crops
Maintenance Activities
8. Undertake Agronomic Crop Harvesting
Activities
9. Save, Prepare and Store Agricultural
Seed
10. Implement Vertebrate Pest Control
Program
Definition of Terms
 Equipment - powered tool machine used in farming


Farm implements - accessories pulled by animals or
mounted to machineries to make the work easier
Hand tools - objects that are usually light and are used without the
help of animals and machines such as shovel, spade, sprinkler etc.
Preventive maintenance - an activity or operation done to prevent
malfunction of tools and equipment and it is done to prolong the
useful life of tools and equipment
Repair - to restore to good condition
something broken or damaged
Farm Tools in Agricultural Crop Operation
Farm tools, implements, and
equipment play very important role in
agricultural crop operations. Their
availability makes the work much
easier and faster. In order to do crop
production operations successfully, one
must have a good working knowledge of
the tools, implements and equipment
before using them.
Hand Tools
 areusually light and are used without the
help of animals or machines. They are
being used in performing farm activities
which involve small areas like school
garden and home garden.

Bolo is used for cutting tall grasses and

weeds and chopping branches of trees.
 Crowbar is used for digging big holes and for digging
out big stones and stumps.
 Pick-mattock is used for digging canals, breaking hard
topsoil and for digging up stones and tree stumps.
Grab-hoe is used for breaking hard topsoil and
pulverizing soil.
 Spade is used for removing trash or soil, digging
canals or ditches and mixing soil media.
 Shovelis used in removing trash, digging loose soil,
moving soil from one place to another and for mixing
soil media.
 Rakeis used for cleaning the ground and leveling the
topsoil.
 Spading fork is used for loosening the soil, digging out
root crops and turning over the materials in a compost
heap.
 Lighthoe is used for loosening and leveling soil and
digging out furrows for planting.
 Hand trowel is used for loosening the soil around the
growing plants and putting small amount of manure
fertilizer in the soil.
 Hand cultivator is used for cultivating the garden plot
by loosening the soil and removing weeds around the
plant.
 Hand fork is used for inter row cultivation.
 Pruningshears is for cutting branches of planting
materials and unnecessary branches of plants.
 Axe is for cutting bigger size post.
 Knifeis for cutting planting materials and for
performing other operations in horticulture.
 Sprinklers – for watering seedlings and young plants.
 Water pails – for hauling water, manure and fertilizers
Sprayers are for spraying insecticides, foliar
fertilizers, fungicides and other liquid chemicals.
 Wheel barrow is used for hauling trash, manures,
fertilizers, planting materials and other equipment

Sickle is a hand-held agricultural tool with a variously
curved blade typically used for cutting weeds.
Farm Implements

 These are accessories which are being pulled by

working animals or mounted to machineries (hand
tractor, tractor) which are usually used in the
preparation of land.
 Plows. These are farm implements used in
horticultural/agronomical operations either pulled by a
working animal or a tractor. The plow is specifically
used for tilling large areas, making furrows and inter
row cultivation. They are used to till areas with a
shallower depth than that of the disc plows which are
pulled by tractors.
Native Plow Disc Plow
 Harrow. The native wooden harrow is made of wood
with a metal teeth and pulled by a carabao while the
disc harrow is made of metal mounted to a tractor.
Harrows are used for tilling and pulverizing the soil.

Native wooden harrow Disc harrow

 Rotavator it is an implement mounted to a tractor
used for tilling and pulverizing the soil.
Tractor Machine
Parts of Tractor machine as type of
Massey Ferguson
Walking Hand Tractor
Parts of Hand Tractor
 FARM TOOL SAFETY
 Keepingtools in good working condition is half the
formula for being safe. The other half is the ability
and awareness of the person using the tools
 Safety
= Good Working Tools + Able and Aware
Worker
 Tool
failure causes some farm accidents; however,
most farm accidents are caused by tired, stressed,
rushed, distracted, or incompetent workers.
In addition to the specific safe
handling rules for each type of
farm tools, there are ten basic
guidelines for tools safety:
Read and comply with the
operator's safety manual for each
piece of farm tool.
Prepare for safety by wearing appropriate
clothing, having enough rest, not drinking alcohol,
and ensuring that all workers have been trained
and are capable of safely using the farm tool.
Be aware of what you are doing and where you are
going.
Adjust tool to fit working conditions.
Keep children and other people away from the
working area. Take breaks from work, as
necessary.
Prepare Land for Agricultural Crop Production

Crop Calendar

 Is a picture of your crop growing season: crop

production from the fallow, land preparation, crop
establishment and maintenance through harvest and
storage.
By using a crop calendar, farm
activities are better planned, and
performed at the right time. It is
easier to organized labor and obtain
inputs such as seed and fertilizers.
Better planning will decrease input
costs and increase yields.
 How to create a Crop Calendar
1. Determine the best date to plant.
2. Determine the time the variety takes from
planting to harvest.
3. Mark on the calendar the date of planting
and when each other operation needs to
be plowing, weeding, fertilizing and
harvesting.
4. Pin the calendar in a prominent place to
remind you when things need to be done.
Land preparation
Land Clearing- is the process of removing trees,
stones and other obstacles in the area.
 Objectives in Land Preparation that
involves Land leveling
Decrease clod size to give seed soil
contact for plant establishment
Remove, incorporate plant residue
Manage soil water
 Control weeds
 Destroy insects, their eggs,
larvae and breeding places
 Reduce wind erosion
 Make canal/canalita
Tillage- the activity or process of preparing land for
growing crops/crops establishment.
Two Types of Tillage
1. Primary tillage- is the first working after harvest
and the most expensive tillage operation.
Equipment used are Disc plow, Moldboard plow, Tine
plow.
Disc plow Moldboard plow
Tined Plow
2. Secondary tillage- is any working
completed after primary tillage
Equipment used are Peg tooth
harrows, and Rotavators.
Peg tooth harrow
 Types of Plowing Pattern
1. Continuous/Circuitous Pattern- plowing begins at
the edge of the field and works toward the center
of the field always throwing the soil towards
outside of the field.
2. Headland pattern/One way pattern-
plowing begins at the end of the field
and works up and back until reaches
the other end of the field.
3. Gathering pattern- this system starts plowing in
the centerline of the field and works out towards
the field edge.
Key Check/Good for Land Preparation
 Clod size and seed size are similar
 No weeds
 Good land levelling and smooth surface
 Well-constructed bunds for low land rice
 To prepare the field
 When possible, plow immediately after the previous harvest
— especially if the soil is still moist.
 First or primary plowing. Use a disc or moldboard plow to
kill weeds and incorporate crop residue, preferably 6–8
weeks before planting with maximum depth of 10 cm.
Second plowing. Plow across the
field with the disc or tine harrow
at least twice to make small clod
sizes. Second plowing should be 2–
3 weeks before planting and the
last harrowing 1 week before
planting with maximum depth of 5–
7.5 cm.
 Steps in Agricultural Crop Production
 Choosing the variety to plant
 Selecting the site and Land preparation
 Raising of Seedlings
 Planting
 Fertilizer Application
 Crop protection
 Harvesting
 Computation of Population Density

1. Rectangle and Square Pattern

PPD= Area ÷ DBH × DBR and x NPH

2. Triangular Pattern
PPD= Area ÷ DBH × DBR x 1.15 and x NPH
 Hazards involved in Cultivation

Hazards- anything that may likely

cause personal injury or damage.
Risks- the degree of exposure or
chances to hazards.
 Types of Hazards in Land Cultivation
o Physical- will cause injury in our body.

o Mechanical- due to moving/unmoving

machinery when the time you performed.

o Chemical- accidentally contacted by the

chemicals used.
o Biological- any microorganism might
contacted or crawling animals ect.
Personal Protective Equipment in Agriculture

 Rubber boots
 Cover-all
 Respirator/Dust Masks
 Hand gloves
 Google
 Face masks
Native Plow
 Parts of a Native Plow
1. Beam
2. Standard
3. Chisel
4. Single tray
5. Landside
6. Shoulder adjustment belt
7. Yoke
8. Draw rope
9. Guide rope
10. Moldboard
11. Cleavage
Land Clearing- is the process of removing trees,
stones and other obstacles in the area.
Types of Climate in the Philippines
Type I- Dry from November to April and wet
during the rest of the year.
Type II- No dry season and maximum rainfall
from November to January.
Type III- Dry from November to April and wet
during the rest of the year.
Type IV- Rainfall is more or less evenly distributed
throughout the year.
Planting Layout- is the arrangement of
crops in the farm area.
1. Square method
2. Triangle method
3. Rectangular method
Environmental Issues to be Considered in Cultivating the Soil

Contour farming should be established.

Avoid excessive used of herbicides.
Disposal of hazardous chemicals in
appropriate designated area not on the
canal and river.
Avoid burning of land debris.
Contour Farming
Pesticides
 Trellis- is an architectural structure,
usually made from open framework or
intersecting pieces of wood or metal.
Its main purpose is to support the
climbing plants and prevent from
lodging.
Kinds of Trellis
Staked Row- at least 5 foot pole and 2 foot deep in the ground, should 3 ft-5 ft
apart.
Best for heavy type of vines like gourd etc.
A-Frame – ideal for small gardens.
Tepee- “ shape like a cone” at least three 8-
foot-tall-pole together at an angle.
Cage- good for tomatoes and other climbing
plants or ornamental plants.
Trellispractices improves
quality, less diseases, clean and
easier to pick.
Thank you !!!!